大学精读Unit 4 Book 3 (第三版)sent.doc

Unit 4Text II. Writing SkillsThe text is a typical journalistic feature report. The tone of the report is one of objectivity.II. Language Points1. compound adjectives:soon-to-be-opened (line 1) the gull-wing eyebrows (line 10) cross-Channel-link schemes (line 20) the 31-mile-long Channel (line 22) tungsten-tipped teeth (lines 46 47) adj. + infinitive e.g. an easy-to-perform task: a task that is easy to perform a difficult-to-use camera: a camera that is difficult to use the soon-to-be-completed building: the building that is soon to be completed a soon-to-open store a soon-to-close company n. + n.gull-wing = like the wings of the gull e.g. a baby-food store: a store that sells baby food a mountain-top hut: a hut that is on the mountain top city-reconstruction discussions: discussions about city reconstruction the river-bed sand an infinitive phrase + a noun cross-channel-link = a link that crosses the Channel e.g. a keep-fit-class: a class that keeps fitan earn-money investment: an investment that earns moneya cross-border-raid threat a numeral + a noun + an adjective31-mile-long Channel = the Channel that is 31 miles long e.g. a ten-year-old boy: a boy who is ten years old a three-inch-thick book: a book that is three inches thicka three-hour-long journey: a journey that is three hours longa 8000-feet-high mountain a noun + a past participleTungsten-tipped teeth = the teeth that are tipped with Tungsten e.g. snow-capped mountains: mountains that are capped with snowa silver-plated spoon: a spoon that is plated with silvera diamond-set ring/necklace2. link link (v): connect sth. (up) ; sth. to sth.; sth. with sth./ sth. and sth. (together)e.g. The bridge s the two sides of the river.Fingerprints ed the suspect to the crime. 使和有联系Friendship will the Chinese people and the Vietnamese people together. Television stations around the world are ed by satellite. 把连接起来 I have heard his name ed with that of a well-known public figure. link (n): connectione.g. Police suspect there may be a between the two murders. The ferry is our only with the island. commercial, cultural, diplomatic, etc. links (between two countries) 往来3. would rather would rather do sth than do sthe.g. Id rather stay here than go out. would rather + clausee.g. Id rather today were Sunday.would rather + past perfect tensee.g. Id rather you had been at the party last night.4. tie tie (v.)a) fasten or bind (with rope, string etc.)tie sth.e.g. Shall I (up) the parcel or use sticky tape? The little boyd his dog (up) to a lamppost. The bad weather d us to the house for days.b) arrange (ribbon, string) to form a knot or bow打成结e.g. She d her hair in (to) a bun. She is tying (up) her shoelaces. Tie a knot in this string, please.c) link, connecte.g. Great affection d us together. The United States and Great Britain are d by common interests. 结合在一起d) make the same score (usu. passive)e.g. The two teams d (with each other). Our team is d (with the home team) for the first place.（并列第一）e) Used in some phrases:tie sth./sb. upe.g. The president cant see you now; hes all tied up. 忙得不可开交 The meeting will tie us up till noon. The strike tied up production for two weeks. (bring to a halt, obstruct) The car accident tied up traffic for several hours.tie in/up with: connect, associatee.g. The police are trying to tie up the murder with the recent escape from prison. The report didnt tie in with our previous work.与有联系 His story ties in with the facts. Does this tie up with what the other suspect said? 相符，吻合 tie (n.): connection, relatione.g. Our country has established political and trade s with Japan. Family s were always strong even though the different family members lived far apart. The result of the competition was a . The race ended in a .5. nod nod (v.): use the movement of the head, move the head up and downa) vi. (to/at sb/sth)e.g. The headmaster nodded vaguely at my words. She nodded to me as she passed.b) vt. sth. (to sb)e.g. They nodded their approval/agreement/concession/an acknowledgement (to us). He nodded a welcome to me. nod (n.) give sb a node.g. She gave me a as she passed. The manager gave the plan the/a .6. (line 5) “He nodded toward the steel gray Channel out the window, his pale blue eyes filled with foreboding.”The second part of this sentence is in a nominative absolute construction.forebode forebode (vt.): foresee, see sth. coming, feel sth. in ones bones, have a premonitiona) be a sign or warning of 预示，预兆e.g. These black clouds a storm.The workers gathering s a strike.b) have a feeling of sth. evil; have a feeling that trouble is cominge.g. These things disaster. foreboding (n): feeling that trouble is cominge.g. His eyes are filled with .His expression denotes .7. add add (v.)a) put together so as to increase the size, number, amount, etc. or to get a totalA (to B) ; A and Be.g. If the tea is too strong, some more water. Many words have been ed to this edition of the dictionary. Add 7 and /to 9 and you get 16. We need to exert our imagination and art to our teaching.b) continue to say sth.; make a further remarke.g. Im sorry, she ed, I couldnt afford to buy it. He ed that he was exhausted.c) Used in some phrases:add sth in: include sthe.g. Should we add in the lemon juice before or after mixing the flour and sugar? Dont forget to add me in.add to sth: increase sthe.g. The bad weather only added to our difficulties. The music added to our enjoyment.add (sth) up/add up sthe.g. Add up all the money I owe you. These figures didnt add up right.add up toe.g. The total added up to 300. Shop-lifting can add up to 3-4 percent of a stores sales. What do all the arguments add up to? addition (n.): the action of adding; the method of addinge.g. My father taught me to do and subtraction. The expenses of the household, with the of a nurse, were heavy. Theyve just had an to the family.in addition (to sth./sb.)e.g. In addition, David was taught how to tie up parcels. In addition (to the names on the list) there are six other applicants. additional (adj.): added, extra, supplementary另加的，外加的e.g. It will take an two weeks to finish the work. charges, taxes, candidates, supplies, expenses8. care care (v.)a) vi.: be worried or concernede.g. He doesnt seem to .care about sth.e.g. All she cares about is her social life. I dont care about what you think; Im certain he is right. He cared about his friends being out of work. He doesnt care about his clothes. (不讲究)care for sth. (in negative or interrogative sentences, esp. with would) 愿意，想或喜欢,对有兴趣e.g. Would you care for some cake? Would you care for a game of chess? I dont care for him to read this letter. (不愿意让他看这封信) Would you care for a walk with me? He didnt care for Paris.care for sb.: be concerned for; look aftere.g. He cares for his wife deeply. (love or like) The mother cared for the sick child night and day.(look after)Who is to care for you when you are old?We should care for the younger generation.b) vt.: minde.g. He doesnt what people say behind his back. I dont how far Ill have to go. care (n.) U a) attention or caution (sbs) (over sth./ in doing sth.) e.g. Care is needed when crossing the busy roads. Mary arranged the flowers with great . You should take more over your work. The manager wanted us to take particular in doing this project.b) concern, worry, anxiety e.g. Old people need loving and attention. The children will have the best in this nursery. She shows no for others/ the common good (公益) The flower garden is her special . The man didnt have a in the world. (担心)c) Used in some phrases: in/under the care of sb.; in/under sb.s caree.g. The patient is in/under the care of a young doctor. They left their son in/under a friends care.take care of oneself/ sb./sth.e.g. She stayed home to take care of the baby.Your son is old enough to take care of himself.Mr. Smith takes care of marketing and publicity. (be responsible for)His secretary takes care of all his appointments. (deal with)(in) care of (缩写成c/o，常用于信封上，由转交)e.g. You may writer to me (in) care of Li Ying. (来信可由李英转交) c/o Miss Li Yingtake care (that/to do sth)e.g. Take care that you dont drink too much/not to drink too much.(proverb) Care killed a cat. (忧虑伤身)for all I care 与我无关 adj.A. caring: showing concern or caree.g. Children need a environment. They are parents.B. careful: taking care, cautious; paying attention toe.g. He is, however, a very observer. She is very with her work. Pass the potatoes and the greens - be , theyre hot.be careful (about/ of /with sth.)be careful (about/ in) doing sth. be careful not to do sth.e.g. Be not to /that you dont hurt her feelings. Be (about/of) what you say to him. Be (about/in) crossing the road. Be more with your work.Youd better be in dealing with such people.C. careless: without carebe careless (about/ of /with sth.)e.g. The driver was responsible for the traffic accident. There are some errors in your dictation. Her husband is about/of his appearance/ the consequences. He is about his wifes health. Dont be with your money.9. by grace of: due to; by the favor ofThe usual phrase is by the grace of God, meaning owing to the favor shown by God.e.g. By grace of his help, I succeeded.grace grace (n.)a) quality of being pleasing, attractive or beauty 优雅e.g. She is dancing with .She received them with natural .b) (pl.) elegance of manner 文雅，风度e.g. As a girl, she learned s required of a good hostess. Every lover sees a thousand s in his beloved object.c) U favor 恩惠，宽厚，宽大e.g. The monks prayed daily for . By the kings , the traitor was permitted to leave the country. By the of God, the ship came safely home through the storm.d) 宽限，延期e.g. He gave me three days to pay the money. Ill give you a weeks . If the work is not finished then, Ill write to the lawyer. The drivers have two weeks to renew their licenses.e) phrases:airs and graces 扭捏作态e.g. I cant bear her airs and graces.fall from grace 又干坏事，老毛病复发e.g. The boy fell from grace when he lied.have the grace 好心地，通情达理地，知趣地e.g. He had the grace to say thank you.She had the grace to say I am sorry.in ones good (bad) graces 得（不）到的欢喜e.g. Ruth is in her mothers good graces because she ate all her supper. Bill is back in the good graces of his girl friend.John is in his mothers bad graces because he spilt the milk on the new tablecloth.with good/bad grace 态度好/坏地，甘心情愿地/勉强地e.g. The boy accepted the teachers criticism with good grace.Fred took the defeat with bad grace.year of grace 公元年（自耶稣降生以来年）e.g. in the year of grace 1999your/his/her grace (对公爵、公爵夫人、教主等的尊称)e.g. May I assist your grace?Certainly, your grace.a saving grace 可以弥补缺点的（唯一）优点，可取之处e.g. Being hard-working is his saving grace.be in the state of grace 蒙受天恩e.g. Oh, you are in the state of grace. grace (vt.): add grace to 使增加光彩e.g. Will you our party with your presence?We were d with the presence of the Chairman.Fine furniture s the room. Adj.A. graceful: beautifule.g. Her movement is .The swans are flying.I admire her way of making introductions.gracefully (adv.): with gracee.g. She dances gracefully.B. graciousa) dear, friendly 和蔼可亲，彬彬有礼e.g. She is the most hostess Ive ever met.She was enough to show us round her home.b)（用于惊叹句）老天爷 e.g. Gracious, what an ugly house! Good gracious! Goodness gracious! Gracious me!10. inaugurate inaugurate (vt.)a) enter, with public formalities upon an undertaking; open (an exhibition, a new public building) with formalities 以公开仪式开始事业； 为举行开幕落成典礼inaugurate sth.e.g. The leaders of the Province d the Export Commodities Fair yesterday.The leaders of our university will the completion of classroom building.The Chinese people must try to a bright future of the country. (开创)b) introduce (a new official, professor, etc.) at a special ceremony 为举行就职典礼inaugurate sb.e.g. Three judges will the president.c) be the beginning of 为之开始e.g. The invention of the internal combustion engine d a new era in travel. inauguration (n.): inaugurating or being inaugurated 开创，就职典礼，举行开幕式，落成等e.g. The of the president/the new company will be held next week. Inauguration Day （美国）总统就职日 inaugurator 主持就职者，开创者，仪式者，创始人11. (L23) snake: The Chunnel is not a straight one; it twists and turns forward just like a snake.12. (L28) “The Chunnel rewrites geography, at least in the English psyche.” “at least in the English psyche”: at least British people think in this way13. (L31) “Its June 28, 1991, and Im packed into ” The second part of the text refers to a past event which took place in 1991, three years before the article was published, yet the whole passage is written in the simple present tense. This is called the historical Present, the use of which adds vividness and lifelike quality to the description.14. await (vt.) (of a person) wait fore.g. I your instruction. be in store for, be waiting fore.g. A hearty welcome s you. Death s all men.15. installation install (vt.)a) place, fix in position for usinstall sth.e.g. Well a heating and lighting system. b) place sb. in his new position of authority with the usual ceremony 使就职e.g. The judge will the dean.c) settle oneself in a place 安置自己于某地e.g. She ed herself in her fathers favorite chair. installation (n.)the installation of e.g. The of the water heater took me two hours.16. wear wear (v. ) (wore, worn)a) have sth. on ones bodye.g. The girl seldom s cheerful clothes.She often s sun-glasses. He never s green.Mr. Brown wore a short beard.Many young boys long hair.b) have a certain look 挂，呈现，显出 e.g. The girl seldom s cheerful smiles. The house wore a neglected look. The building wore a dilapidated look.c) become damaged, useless by being used , rubbed磨坏，破旧，磨损，变旧，用坏，穿旧e.g. The childs trousers have worn through at the knees. The tablecloth will soon . (很快破)The carpets are starting to . (They look worn.)d) endure, last a long time 耐用 e.g. This material s well. This kind of shoes wont . That pair of shoes wore badly.You should choose a fabric that will well.The veteran worker is ing well. (不见老)e) Used in some phrases: wear (sth.) away: become thin, damaged, weak by constant use 用薄，用旧，用坏e.g. The steps had been worn away by the feet of thousands of visitors. The inscription has been worn away/has worn away.wear on: (time) passe.g. As the night wore on, it grew colder. (随着夜深)wear sb./sth. down: weaken sb./sth.e.g. She was worn down by overwork. 跨了下来 Many mothers look worn down with hard work, looking after children.wear (sth.) out: use up 用坏，耗尽e.g. I wore out two pairs of boots on the walking tour. Her patience was at last worn out by all these troubles and anxieties.wear sb. out 使厌烦，使疲乏e.g. Just listening to the monotony of his voice wears me out.烦透 Dont wear yourself out by playing too hard. wear (n.)a) wearing or being worn, use as clothing 穿，戴e.g. This is a suit for everyday .These shoes show signs of . (no longer look new)Cotton is suitable for summer .This is my coat in constant . 常穿的b) damage or loss of quality from use 用损，耗损e.g. The carpets are showing . This material will stand any amount of . (very strong)wear and tear 损耗 e.g. We can see the wear and tear of the carpet.c) capacity to endure 耐久性e.g. Theres not much left in these shoes. (They can not be worn much longer.)d) things to wear (mainly used in compounds) 穿的东西，衣着e.g. mens/ladies/foot/sports wear, underwear Adj. worn, wearing (making people tired), weary (tired) e.g. My shoes are worn.The journey to the top of the mountain is wearing.We feel weary.We are weary of the city life.17. separate separate (v.)a) (vt.): make or become divided, not joined, not united （使）分离separate (sb./sth.) (from sb./sth.); separate sth. (up)(into sth.)e.g. England is d from France by the Channel.(The Channel d England from France.)The Atlantic Ocean s America from Europe.Separate the good apples from the bad ones.The house has been d up into three flats. The children were d into groups for the game.b) (vi.): (of a number of people) go in different ways 分手，分散e.g. We walked together until midnight and then we d.The husband and the wife have d. 分居separate out sth./separate sth. out 区分e.g. Try to out all the good apples and /from all the bad ones.Youre confusing two ideas- you should try to them out in your mind. Adj.a) separate: divided, not joined, not unitede.g. The suite consisted of four rooms. My elder brother and I have bedrooms. Keep this one from the others. He offered to sell the birds separately to people.b) separated (作表语)e.g