英—11暑—1—定语从句1—学生版—刘璐.docx

专业 引领 共成长 高三英语暑假班（学生版）教师日期学生课程编号课型复习 课题定语从句（一）- 限制性定语从句教学目标帮助学生了解限制性定语从句的类型，准确掌握限制性定语从句的用法，加强各题型中定语从句的识别与综合运用。教学重点帮助学生掌握定语从句关系词的准确使用。教学安排版块时长1词汇复习30分钟2专题复习55分钟3加油站30分钟4师生总结5分钟5课后作业40分钟 . 单词释义1.well-dressed weldrest adj. 穿着考究的；穿着入时的 Someone who is well-dressed is wearing fashionable or elegant clothes.例: One day at an airport, a traveler observed a well-dressed businessman yelling at a poster about the porters handling of his luggage. 有一天，在机场，一位游客看到一位穿着入时的商人冲着一个搬运工人大喊大叫，对搬运工处理他的行李的方式大发脾气。2.senior sin adj. 高级的，地位较高的；年长的；年资较深的，资格较老的；成人的（1）The senior people in an organization or profession have the highest and most important jobs.例: The companys senior managements are going to have to agree to disagree then该公司的高级管理人员只能各自保留各自的意见了。（2）If someone is senior to you in an organization or profession, they have a higher and more important job than you or they are considered to be superior to you because they have worked there for longer and have more experience. 例: The position had to be filled by an officer senior to Haig.这个位置必须由一名只为比黑格高的军官来填补。（3）If you take part in a sport at senior level, you take part in competitions with adults and people who have reached a high degree of achievement in that sport. 例：This will be his fifth international championship and his third at senior level. 这将是他的第五次国际锦标赛，也是他的第三次成人级别比赛。senior sin n. 上司；较年长者；毕业班学生（1）Your seniors are the people who are senior to you.例: He was described by his seniors as a model officer. 他被上级称为模范军官。（2）Senior is used when indicating how much older one person is than another. For example, if someone is ten years your senior, they are ten years older than you.例: She became involved with a married man many years her senior. 她与一名比她年长很多的已婚男子坠入情网。（3）Seniors are students in a high school, university, or college who are in their fourth year of study. 例: The number of high school seniors who go on to college remains unknown.高中毕业班上大学的学生人数仍未可知。（4）A senior is the same as an old people.例: Tickets at the gate are $10, $7 for seniors (age 55 and up). 门票价格为$10，老年人(55岁及以上)为$7。3.prefer prif: vt. 更喜欢；宁愿；提出；提升 If you prefer someone or something, you like that person or thing better than another, and so you are more likely to choose them if there is a choice. 例: Does he prefer a particular sort of music? 他更喜欢某种特别的音乐吗？prefer prif: vi. 喜欢；愿意 例：Well go to the Great Wall, if you prefer. 你如果愿意的话，我们去长城。拓展：（常用词组）（1）prefer A to B例: I prefer the original book to the revised edition. 我觉得原书比修订本好.（2）prefer doing A to doing B例: Even on holidays Mr. Wang preferred reading to doing nothing. 即使在假日,王先生宁愿读书而不愿闲着.（3）prefer to do sth.例: They prefer to spend the rest of the morning wandering in the streets. 他们比较喜欢把早上剩下的时间都用来在街上闲逛.（4）prefer doing sth.例: So you prefer speaking without referring to your notes? 这么说,你更喜欢不看稿子做报告了?（5）prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.例: These workers preferred to work extra hours at night rather than leave the work until the next week. 这些工人宁愿加班干,也不愿把工作留到下一个星期.（6）prefer sb. to do sth.例:I prefer you to spare some time to come to our art exhibition next week. 我宁愿你们下星期抽出点时间来看看我们的美展.4.communicate kmjunket vt. 通讯，传达；相通；交流；感染 (munication)（1）If you communicate with someone, you share or exchange information with them, for example by speaking, writing, or using equipment. You can also say that two people communicate.例: Officials of the CIA depend heavily on e-mail to communicate with each other. 中情局的官员们很大程度上靠电子邮件相互交流。（2）If you communicate information, a feeling, or an idea to someone, you let them know about it.例: They successfully communicate their knowledge to others. 他们成功地把他们的知识传达给别人。5. impression mpre()n n. 印象；效果，影响；压痕，印记；感想Your impression of a person or thing is what you think they are like, usually after having seen or heard them. Your impression of a situation is what you think is going on.例： What were your first impressions of college? 你对大学的第一印象是什么？ 拓展：(1) sth leaves （或make）an adj. impression on sb. 某事给某人留下深刻印象例：My visit to India in 1986 left an indelible impression on me. 1986年的印度之行给我留下了难忘的印象。(2) create an impression of 营造一种印象 例：The choice was meant to create an impression of party unity. 这个选择意在给人一种党内团结的印象。(3) There was a general impression that 普遍的感觉是例：There was a general impression that tomorrow meant a fresh start. 普遍的感觉是明天意味着一个新的开始。6.impress mpres vt. 使钦佩；使铭记在心；给予某人深刻印象（1）If something impresses you, you feel great admiration for it. 使钦佩 例：What impressed him most was their speed. 最令他钦佩的是他们的速度。I was very impressed by one young man at my lectures. 来上我课的一个年轻人让我很钦佩。（2）If something impresses itself on your mind, you notice and remember it. 使铭记在心 例: But this change has not yet impressed itself on the minds of the public. 但是这种变化仍没有使公众对此铭记在心。（3）If someone or something impresses you as a particular thing, usually a good one, they give you the impression of being that thing. 使留下印象 例: It didnt impress me as a good place to live. 那地方没有给我留下适合居住的印象。She did not impress me at all. 她没给我留下丝毫印象。（4）If you impress something on someone, you make them understand its importance or degree. 使明白 例: Ive impressed upon them the need for more professionalism. 我已让他们明白更高专业性的需要。7.remark rm:k n.评论，谈论，提到（1）If you make a remark about something, you say something about it. 议论，评论，意见 例: Geoff Cookes recent remark that no one is indispensable will certainly not have escaped him.杰夫库克近来关于没有什么人是不可缺少的那番话当然也包括他。（2）提到，说到例: I remarked that I would go shopping that afternoon. 我说过那天下午我要去买东西。remark rm:k vt.& vi. 评论;话语（1）Words 话语例: One of the apprentices made an insulting remark to a passing officer.其中一名学徒对着一名路过的警官说了一句侮辱他的话。（2）评论例：I feel the remark was inappropriate for such a serious issue.我认为对如此严肃的问题来说，该评论不合时宜。 拓展： remark on 说到，谈到，评论，议论 例: On several occasions she had remarked on the boys improvement.她好几次提及这个男孩的进步。Everyone has remarked on what a lovely lady she is.每个人都说她是个可爱的女士。8.remind rmand vt. 提醒；使想起（1） If someone reminds you of a fact or event that you already know about, they say something which makes you think about it. 使记起; 使想起 例：So she simply welcomed Tim and reminded him of the last time they had met. 因此她只是欢迎了蒂姆，让他想起他们上次的相遇。（2）If someone reminds you to do a particular thing, they say something which makes you remember to do it. 提醒 例：Can you remind me to buy a bottle of wine? 你能提醒我买一瓶葡萄酒吗？. Exercises（1）Choose the right answers.1. I got an A this term, so my teacher was_.A. impressed B. impressing C. impress D. impression2. The soldier _ die rather than _ before the enemy. A. prefered to, give in B. preferred, giving in C. preferred to, give in D. preferred to, giving in3. I am afraid I should_you of your promise.A.remind B.remember C.release D.record4. He has _ his wishes to me.A.delivery B.communicate C. conveyance D.record5. The man gave a _ me.A.glance B.glance at C. glance to D.glancing（2）Translation. 中翻英（1）你可能会发现很难与周围的人进行有效的交流。（communication）（2）人们一个又一个地从他身边经过，几乎全都是衣冠楚楚，神情冷漠。（well-dressed）（3）为了避免路上交通拥挤，有些人宁可夜间驱车远行，白天休息。(prefer to)（4）虽然只是一个学术面试，我不得不提醒学生们，基本的面试礼仪是不可缺少的。（remind）（5） 回顾这些最基本的建议，你绝对会给你的同事、客户和老板留下良好的印象。（impress）.定语从句思维导图 概念 限制性定语从句 分类 非限制性定语从句 先行词定语从句 两要素 _ 关系词 _ 指物时关系代词that/which区别 重要考点 介词+关系代词 抽象化的时间、地点名词 .定语从句概念及相关术语1. 概念：在复合句中，用一个主谓结构的陈述句修饰某一个 或 的句子叫做定 语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫_，引导定语从句的词叫_。定语从句的位置一般是紧跟在被修饰的名词、代词的后面。在被修饰的名词、代词与定语从句之间往往有一个关系词将其前后两部分联系成一个整体，从结构上说，关系词与从句是一个整体。2. 相关术语： （1）定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后（2）先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词（因为它“先”于定语从句出现） （3）关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词（分为关系代词和关系副词两种）（4）限制性定语从句（缺了定语从句，先行词会变得游离不定或所指不明）（5）非限制性定语从句（缺之不会影响到先行词的指代，有之则信息更多）III限制性定语从句1. 限制性定语从句引导词 - 关系代词 先行词在从句中担任的成分关系词语人主1. 人宾2. 物主3. 物宾4. 人，物主/宾5. 人，物定语6. 人，物表语7. 练习： 用限制性定语从句的关系代词填空（1.） The girl I met is so beautiful.（2.） A rocket is a machine _can fly into the space.（3.） This is the place I visited last year.（4.） This is a book tells about China.（5.） The book you lent me last week is interesting.（6.） The room door is red is mine.2. 限制性定语从句关系代词的用法区别（1.）who, whose, whom 引导的限制性定语从句who，whom的区别 它们的先行词都是人，who在从句中用作主语，whom在从句中用作宾语。who通常在非正式情况下可以替换whom。但在以下情况中who不可以替代whom。who, whom在从句中，不跟在介词后做宾语时，可以省略。例如: He is one of the greatest singers for _ Mr. Zhang writes lyrics. 总结：在非限制性定语从句中，_,who不可以代替whom做宾语。且，此时的whom不可以省略。 （2.） who, whom和whose的区别 who与whom在从句中做_和_，而whose在从句中做_。 who与whom的先行词只能是_,而whose _ 。 练习： The house _ roof was destroyed in the terrible fire has been repaired. A. whose B. who C. whom _ speech we heard in the radio broadcast is an advanced worker. A. whose B. the one whose C. whom（3.）who, whom, that的区别 who与that在从句中做_和_ 。 who与that在从句中都不可以跟介词后替代whom做_。 who与whom的先行词只能是_,而that _ 。先行词是those，且只指代人时，不用_,只用_。 练习： I remember the factory and workers _ we visit last year. A. who B. whom C. that（4.）which，that区别 which做限制性定语从句的关系代词，先行词只能是_,而that_。 which 和that 都可以在限制性定语从句中指代物，并在从句中做_和_。 不跟在介词后做宾语时可省略。 但当which用在介词后做介词的宾语时，不能用that替换。 在下面情况下，只能用that。 先行词是不定代词_等不定代词。 先行词被序数词或者形容词最高级修饰。 先行词all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰。 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 等修饰。 先行词既有人也有物。 当句中已经有wh开头的疑问词时，为避免重复（5.）which, that, whose的区别在限制性定语从句中，which， that在从句中做_和_ 。whose在限制性定语从句中，即可指人也可指物，指物时，等于of which The house whose roof was destroyed in the terrible fire has been repaired.= The house_ was destroyed in the terrible fire has been repaired.（6.）介词 + which 和whom引导的定语从句如果which和whom在定语从句中原为介词的宾语，那么介词可以提到从句前，构成介词+which/whom引导的定语从句，which指物，whom指认。介词根据结构搭配或者语义来确定。练习： The girl _ you spoke is my sister.There are scientific ways _ man solves problems. Id like to join the tennis club _ my friend belongs.He is the boy _ I went swimming yesterday.Tips：若含有介词的短语动词属于固定搭配，一般不拆开把介词前置。例如：The babies whom/who the nurses are looking after are very health.（7.）as引导的限制性定语从句 as引导的限制性定语从句，在从句中做_,_,_,可以指人，也可以指物。构成 the sameas，suchas等结构。 例如： Such people as were recommended by him were reliable. Such people as I have read are classical works. Id like to use the same tool as is used here. Tips: 注意区别 suchas与suchthat。 观察下面两个句子总结suchas与suchthat的区别 They talked in such simple English as children could understand. They talked in such simple English that children could understand them. 总结：_ Tips: 注意区别 the sameas与the samethat。 This is the same book as I read last week. This is the same book that I read last week.3. 非限制性定语从句引导词 - 关系副词关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构，因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用。when 指时间 = in / at / on / during which, where指地点 = in / at / from / which, why指原因 = for which例如： There are occasions when (on which)one must yield. Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born. Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer? 注意：在从句结构完整的前提下，抽象名词（situation, condition, point, case, environment, circumstance, advantage, system, development等）后用where引导定语从句。His technique developed to the point where he can repair many electrically powered machines.We should create an environment where human beings and animals live in harmony.注意：关系副词中的一些特殊地点和时间名词。 具体的地点名词后可以接where从句，但其他如case, point, situation, condition, job等表示“情况，方面”的名词也同样加where从句，这种用法源于“in this case, at this point, in this situation, under the condition”等短语。具体的时间名词后可接when从句，但如果先行词为occasion，同样也加when从句。例如：1. There are many cases _this rule does not hold good. 2. He had to face the conditions _ pressure was heavy.3. I will show you the point _ you fail.4. This is a job _ you can learn something.5. He left his hometown in 2002 _ he has never come back.6. People may come across the occasion _they want to say something but forget what they are going to say.4. 限制性定语从句中如何判断使用关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系代词，而不及物动词则要用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： 1.This is the mountain village where I visited last year. 2.I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. 3.This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year. 4.Ill never forget the days(which)I spent in the countryside. 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也有助于选择出关系代词/关系副词。 1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. on whichD. the one 3. This is the reason_ he gave us for carrying out the plan. A. because B. why C. how D. / 4. This is the reason_ I caught a bad cold. A. because B. why C. how D. / 5. 定语从句中that与名词性从句中that比较通过下面两个句子，总结that在定从与名从中的不同。That the earth goes round the sun is well known.The book that interested me was bought by my father.总结：_6. the way 引导定语从句的用法the way 在从句中用来代替in the way, in which时，the way经常起连接词作用，引导定语从句。例如：I fixed things the way (=as) he wanted. What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it. the way 做先行词，后+定语从句修饰the way，有三种形式。This is the way that/in which或/ he did it. 选择正确关系词 1.Hisparentswouldntlethimmarryanyone_familywaspoor. 2.In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. 3.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. 4.The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _ stands the famous tower. 5.Idontlike the way_youspeaktoher. 6.She is the only person _ supports me at the meeting. 7.I still remember the day_ I met Professor Smith. 8.Such people _ were recommended by him were reliable. 9.How can they teach managers what they need to know at the point _ they need to know it ? . 选择题1. The school _I visited last year was not the one _I once worked.A. which; where B. which; which C. where; which D. where; where2. Do you know that girl_ wearing a red dress?A. whose B. who C. whom D. whos3. The reason _Im writing to you is to tell you about a partly on Saturday.A. because B. why C. for D. which4. You may borrow any book_.A. that you interest B. which you are interested C. that interests you D.which interests you5. The film is set in the period_ the divided between rich and poor was greater than it is now.A. where B. when C. which D. why6. Do you remember the day_ I came to you to borrow a dictionary? A.in which B. which C. when D. where7. She still remembers the days _ she spent in the countryside. A.while B. that C. when D. during which8. When people talk about the cities of the U.S, the first _ comes into mind is New York.A. city B. of them C. one D. that9. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _ he thought was not enough.A. the thing which B. which C. where D. how10.