第5、6章形容词和副词.doc

第五章 形容词一、形容词的概念：用来修饰名词，表人或事物的特征。I have a big nose . 二、功能1 作定语： e.g Tom is a tall boy. 注意：形容词修饰不定代词时，要后置： e.g I have something important to tell you . 2 表语： e.g You look pale. Its getting warmer and warmer. （常见的连系动词有：be, look, feel , smell, sound, taste , turn , get, become ,seem ） e.g The apple tastes good.The mooncakes with nuts taste nice.3.宾语补足语：e.g We must keep our classroom clean and tidy. 三、形容词的构成： 名词 + y e.g. rainy, snowy, cloudy, windy ,sunny, foggy, 名词 + al e.g. personal, national 名词 + able e.g. comfortable 名词 + ed e.g. surprised, excited 名词 + en e.g. woolen, wooden ,golden(黄金的) 名词 + ful e.g. hopeful 名词 + ing e.g. interesting, 名词 + ous e.g. dangerous 名词 + less e.g. homeless, useless 名词 + ic e.g. heroic四、形容词和副词的比较等级：1. 大多数形容词有三个等级：原级、比较级和最高级2. 比较级最高级的构成： 1. +er, +est 如：2. 以e结尾，+r，st 如：（1）规则变化3. 重读闭音节，以一个辅音字母结尾，双写这个辅音字母+er，+est 如：4. 辅音字母+y结尾， ,+er, +est 如：5. 部分双音节和所有多音节词：more + , most+， 如：（2）不规则变化 原级good/wellBad/ill badlylittlemany/muchfarold比较级最高级1 同级比较：（用原级）概念：表甲与乙两事物（包括人）在某一程度相等结构：as 形/副（原形）as 与一样not as/soas 与不一样e.g. John is as tall as Tom. John isnt as/so tall as Tom.She studies as hard as Kate.注：not as / so as=less+（多音节词）+than 表 “甲不如乙”e.g. English isnt so interesting as P.E. = English is less interesting as P.E. 2 比较级（用于两者之间）概念：表甲与乙两事物（包括人）相比，甲比乙更结构：比较级+thane.g. A horse is heavier than a sheep. 比较级的特殊用法： A 比较级+ and + 比较级: “越来越” e.g. The days became longer and longerfaster and faster B more and more +（多音节）形容词/副词（原形） e.g more and more beautiful the + 比较级,the+ 比较级: “越，越” e.g The more ,the better. the +比较级+of : 二者之间， “更的” e.g. He is the taller boy of the two.形容词和副词的比较级前可用much, a little, a bit(一点儿), even等来表示程度e.g. The boy is a little bigger than that one. She is even fatter than before. 她比以前胖多了. 最高级：（用于三者或三者以上）1）概念：三个或三个以上的人或事物中，程度上“最”2）结构：the+最高级+比较范围（常用in/of介词短语）e.g. Who is the tallest girl in your class.形容词最高级前一定要用theLi Lei runs fastest of the three.副词最高级前可不用the注意：1、the+序数词+最高级： 表“第几个最”e.g. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.2、one of the +最高级+复数词： 表“之中最”e.g. Shanghai is one of the largest cities in the world.专项练习：. 写出下列各词的比较级和最高级(1) fast (2) east (3) little (4) well (5) slowly (6) hungry (7) quickly (8) careful (9) far (10) bad (11) red (12) exciting (13)big (14)happy (15) expensive (16)few (17) angry (18)late . 将下列形容词变为副词(1) near (2) certain (3) usual (4) true(5) early (6) lucky (7) fast (8) real(9) hard (10) easy (11) good (12) wide. 用所给形容词和副词的适当形式填空：1. When summer comes, it gets and.(warm)2. She was ill, but she didnt go to see the doctor. So she was even (ill) than before.3. Wei Fang studies (hard) than you.4. He writes (carefully) than she.5. Lilei doesnt swim as (well) as Mike.6. Who speaks English (well), Jane, Alice or John ?7. The students are not very (busy) . The teacher gave them (little) homework than usual.8. His (old ) brother is two years (old) than he.9 The soldier was (bad) wounded (受伤)。10 Today is cloudy and it is a little _(cold) than yesterday.11This shop is _ (good )than that one.12.Animals are _(interesting ) than plants.13.Which can carry _(many) people, a car or a bus.14 The little girl cant move the box, because it is _(heavy )one of the three.15 If you want to be_(thin ) and _( healthy), youd better eat_( little) food and do _( much) exercise.16 Which is _(big ), the moon, the sun or the earth?17 He thinks Yao Ming , the famous basketball player, will be_(popular) in NBA.18 Im sorry to hear that you are ill .I hope you are _(well ).19 _(much ) you eat, _( fat)you will be.20 Everyone knows that China is getting _ ( strong).21 Jane plays the piano badly ; Ann plays even _(badly ).22 .It is one of _(beautiful ) parks in Beijing. 选择填空：( ) 1. The Changjiang River is one of rivers in the world.A. longB. longerC. longestD. the longest( ) 2. Peter is than his uncle.A. more fatB. fatterC. fatD. very fat( ) 3. This maths problem is that one.A. not so easy asB. more easy thanC. as easier asD. easy than( ) 4. Of all the stars, the sun is to us.A. nearB. nearerC. the nearestD. farther.( ) 5. In this country. Its very in November, but its even in December.A. cold; coldB. cold; colderC. colder, coldD. colder, coldest( ) 6. He didnt run to LiuFeng.A. enough quickly; catch upB. fast enough; catch up withC. quickly enough; keep upD. enough fast; catch up with.( ) 7. Look outside! Its blowing A. strongB. stronglyC. heavyD. heavily( ) 8. We will have a holiday after the exam.A. two monthB. two=monthC. two monthsD. two-months( ) 9. Thanks to the man-made satellites, the world itself is becoming a smaller place.A. muchB. moreC. much moreD. most( ) 10. India has the second population in the world.A. muchB. mostC. largestD. many( ) 11. Most of the people in Hainan are getting .A. more and more richB. more and more richer.C. richer and richerD. richer and richest.( ) 12. you speak English, you spoken English will beA. The more; better B. More; the betterC. More; betterD. The more; the better( ) 13. Two fishermen saw in the sky while they were fishing by a lake.A. something strangeB. anything strangeC. strange somethingD. strange anything( ) 14. She is than any other girl in her school.A. thinnerB. thinerC. thinD. the thinnest( ) 15. We were very to him for his help.A. thanksB. thankedC. thankfulD. thankfully( ) 16. They looked at the master and felt quite .A. sad; sadB. sadly; sadlyC. sad; sadlyD. sadly; sad.( ) 17 Which do you , pork or beef?A. likeB. preferC. loveD. enjoy( )18、It was yesterday.（ ）A、wind B、to wind C、windy D、windly（ ）19、Tom is boy in his class. A、tall B、taller C、tallest D、the tallest（ ）20、The lake is 6 metres . A、deep B、deeper C、deepest D、the deepest（ ）21、Changsha is becoming . A、more or more beautiful B、much and much beautiful C、much beautiful D、more and more beautiful第六章 副词一、 概念及功能：用来修饰动词、形容词和其他副词的词。 e.g Jack runs the fastest of all. Jim is a very good boy.I like noodles very much.二、副词可作装语、表语、宾补、定语等。 eg. Its raining hard. (作状语)。 Class is over (作表语) Let him in (作宾补) The people here are friendly(作定语)三、 分类： a) 时间副词： now, ago, early, already, just, since ,yesterdayb) 地点副词： here, there, away, below, down, off out, over, homec) 方式副词： well, hard, fast, slowly,happily,d) 程度副词： very, much, quite, still ,so, evene) 否定副词： no, not, hardly, neither , nor, never, f) 频率副词： sometimes ,often ,always ,usually, seldom ,g) 疑问副词： how, when , where, why (用于特殊疑问句句首)h) 关系副词： when, where, why, how （用于引导宾从和定从）i) 连接副词：yet, so ,however, then, how, when, where, why四、 形容词变副词的方法：1.一般在形容词后加 “ ly ” : e.g slow slowly carefulcarefully quick quickly safe safely 2. 以y结尾的形容词，改y为i再加 “ ly ” : e.g happy happily easy easily heavy heavilybusy busily luck lukily3. 以 “ le ” 结尾的形容词，应去 “e” 加 “ y ” : e.g possible possibly, terribleterribly gentle gently 注意：有些词既是形容词，又是副词：如： well, fast , late ,early e.g Well done ! I hope you get well. Tim got to school early this morning. early bus五、 副词的位置：1频率副词一般在行为动词之前，be动词、助动词之后： e.g Jeff is always ready to help others.2方式副词放在动词（短语）之后： e.g The old man walked slowly.3 时间副词和地点副词一般放句尾，时间副词可放句首：e.g The children are singing in the room now. =Now the children are singing in the room.4enough 修饰形容词要后置，修饰名词时放在名词前/后均可： The boy is old enough to go to school. We dont have enough time to have a meeting. =We dont have time enough to have a meeting. 专项练习1 写出下列各词的比较级和最高级：1.fast 2.near 3.late 4.early 5.quickly 6.carefully 7.well 8.badly 9.little 10.much 11.far 12.slowly 2将下列形容词和副词互换词性：1.early 2.late 3.high 4.long 5.hard 6.fast 7.heavy 8.lucky 9.noisy 10.easy 11.angrily 12.happily 13.usual 14.bad 15.quick 15.real 17.slowly 18.carefully 19.true 20.polite 21.terribly 22.good 3 选择填空1、She is not a nurse. Im not , .（ ）A、also B、either C、neither D、too2、Kate knows French much than her brother does.（ ）A、well B、better C、best D、the best3、He was the last because he didnt run .（ ）A、quick enough B、enough fast C、fast enough D、too fast4、The fish smells . Help yourself, please.（ ）A、good B、well C、terrible D、terribly5、 - do you go to the cinema?-Once a week.（ ）A、How much B、How long C、How soon D、How often6、Please give soon.（ ）A、back B、it back C、it D、back it7、Ann is a student and she draws . （ ）A、goodgood B、wellwell C、g