关于现在的时态的讲解(学生版).doc

关于现在的时态的讲解（学生版）一、 一般现在时 朗读并翻译下列句子，认真体会一般现在时的意义和用法1、 Many Chinese young kids are quite familiar with McDonalds but know little about Peking Opera.2、 - Can I help you, sir?- Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but it doesnt work.3、 The teacher said that the earth moves round the sun once a year.4、 Mandy slips past, passes the ball to Yao Ming, who jumps, catches and shoots it into the basket.5、 If it rains tomorrow, I shall stay at home.6、 It will not be long before we meet again.7、 I dont know if / when he will come.8、 The concert begins at 7:30 and ends at 9:30.要点归纳1. 一般现在时表示_发生的动作、_的动作。也用于陈述情况，说明事例或用来对比过去。2. 一般现在时表示_和_事实，或用于新闻标题、图片说明中。3. 一般现在时在_、_和让步等状语从句中，表示将要发生的动作或状态。提示：when, if 等连词不引导状语从句而引导其他从句时，时态_.4. 一般现在时在时刻表或节目单等中，表示_发生的动作或状态。二 现在进行时 朗读并翻译下列句子，认真体会现在进行时的意义和用法。1、 Someone is knocking at the door. Can you answer it?2、 Maria is in Britain at the moment. Shes learning English.3、 They are leaving for Hong Kong next month.4、 He is always thinking more of others than of himself.5、 The children are being noisy again in the next room. I will ask them to be quiet.6、 - Do you see that man over there?- It is Bill. He is seeing Mary home after the party.要点归纳：1. 现在进行时表示现在_的动作和表示现阶段_的动作（但说话时不一定_）.2. 现在进行时也可表示_的动作或表示说话人的某种感情色彩（色彩、不满、赞许等），常与always, constantly, continually, forever, all the time 状语等连用。3. 某些表示（1）存在、所有（be, exist, belong to）(2) 思维（know, understand）(3)情感（agree, like）的状态动词不用于进行时；但是，当状态动词转义（静态词义变为动态词义）或表示“暂时或刚开始”意义时，也常用进行时。三 现在完成时 朗读并翻译下列句子，认真体会现在完成时的意义和用法。1、I cant open the door. I have lost the key.2、Im delighted to tell you that youve passed the exam.3、We have set up many new factories in this area.4、-Have you had your lunch yet? -Yes, I have. Ive just had it . And I had it at home.5、-Have you been to Australia? -Yes, I have. I have been there three times. And I went there with my uncle for the first time.6、-How long have you been in Beijing? -I have been in Beijing for four years.7、 He has lived here since 1980/since yesterday/since last year/since 10 years ago/ever since(then).8、 Prices have fallen sharply in/over/for the past six months.9、 This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.10、 It is the second time that you have been here.11、I will give my opinion after I have read through the book.要点归纳：1. 现在完成时的已完成用法：表示动作到说话时刻_.现在完成时的动作与现在有联系： 表示过去发生的动作对现在的_或_. 表示_或_. 表示经历或经验。2. 现在完成时的未完成用法：表示从_某时刻开始持续到_的动作或情况，这种动作或情况有可能会继续下去。此时谓语常为_动词，并常带有_(十时间段)或_(时间点)等表示一段时间的状语以及so far, until/by now, up to now, in/over/for the past few years等标志性时间状语。3. 现在完成时常常与_词和_级连用（后面的定语从句用现在完成时）。4. 现在完成时代替将来完成时：在时间和条件状语从句中，用现在完成时代替将来完成时，表示从句中动作先于主句动作发生和完成。四 现在完成进行时 朗读并翻译下列句子，认真体会现在完成进行时的意义和用法。1. I have been waiting for you since eight oclock in the morning.2. All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine.3. Dad looks very tired. He has been working in the garden all day.4. My clothes are all wet. Ive been working in the rain.要点归纳：现在完成进行时是_和_的结合，表示一个动作从_某时开始一直持续到_.1. 表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间，延续至今，很可能将继续延续下去。强调动作的持续不停和反复性。2. 表示某一动作从过去开始，一直持续到说话时刚刚结束。着眼对现在的结果和影响。五 现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别 朗读并翻译下列句子，认真体会现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别。1. Someone has been phoning you.Someone has phoned you.2. Ive been reading the novel.Ive read the novel.3. Whos been eating my apples?Whos eaten my apples?要点归纳： 现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别：1. 现在完成进行时可以表示动作的_,但现在完成时不表示动作的重复。2. 现在完成进行时强调动作_, 而现在完成时则强调动作的_.3. 现在完成进行时有时带有感情色彩， 而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙。Unit2 过去的时态一 一般过去时 朗读并翻译下列句子，认真体会一般过去时的意义和用法1. Bob suddenly fell ill in the classroom the other day.2. Tom went to Canada two years ago. He worked there for a few months and then went America.3. Scientists think that the continents werent always where they are today.4. -Have you brought my pen here?-Sorry, I left it at home.5. He could have done it better, but he was too careless.6. -How time flies! Its already 10oclock.- Oh, I didnt realize it at all.7. She entered the room, picked up a magazine and looked through it carefully.8. They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.要点归纳：1. 一般过去时表示在_特定的时间中一次或一度发生的_或存在的状态。2. 一般过去时表示始料未及的过去，即表示过去的意识、心态、看法等与现在不同；常用的动词有know, realize, expect, recognize, mean等，表示“没想到，没意识到，不知道”等意义。3. 一般过去时还可以表示过去_发生的动作或_的动作。4. 在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般过去时表示过去将要发生的动作。二 过去进行时 朗读并翻译下列句子，认真体会过去进行时的意义和用法。1. I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.2. He was working in a car factory during the summer of 2004.3. The workers were building a railway last year but I dont know whether they have completed it.4. My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.5. While he was driving, he was thinking about the matter.6. He told us that he was leaving for New York the next month.要点归纳：1. 过去进行时表示_某一时刻_的动作（点）。2. 过去进行时表示过去_的动作（段），含有“未完成”的意义。3. 过去进行时表示过去的某个动作发生的背景。4. 过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。三 过去完成时 朗读并翻译下列句子，体会过去完成时的意义和用法。1. She had completed her studies by the end of last year.2. When we reached the hilltop, the sun had already risen.3. The film had been on for an hour when I got to the cinema yesterday.4. She said she had made much progress since she came here.5. Tom married Mary last week. They had known each other since their school days.6. She changed her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job.7. The discussion came alive when an interesting topic was brought in.8. We had hoped to catch the 9:30 train, but we failed to.9. There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.10. That dinner was the most expensive meal we had ever had.11. No sooner had he got to the lab than he set out to do the experiment.要点归纳： 过去完成时是“过去的过去”，要使用过去完成时，必须要有两个过去的时间或动作，并且进行比较。1. 已完成法：表示过去某个时间或动作_已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。2. 未完成用法：表示某个动作或状态在过去某一时刻_就开始，一直持续到这一过去时刻，并有可能继续下去。3. 追述用法：先（用一般过去时）叙述过去某个动作或结果，再（用过去完成时）追述先于这个过去动作开始或发生的事情。过去完成时的特殊用法：1.“过去的过去”不一定用过去完成时： 由before或after引导的状语从句的句子，因before和after已经表明时间先后，所以可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 when表示as soon as 的意义引出过去的两个动作时，可以都用一般过去时。3. 虚拟用法：过去完成时表示原打算做但事实上并未做成某事，常见的动词有hope, want, mean, intend, plan等4. 过去完成时与序数词和最高级连用：It/This /That was the first/last time过去完成时从句It/ This/ That was 形容词最高级过去完成时从句5. 过去完成时用于“一就”句型中： Hardlyhad主语donewhen一般过去时从句 No soonerhad主语donethan一般过去时从句现在与过去时态练习1. The house belongs to my aunt but she _ here any more.A. hasnt lived B. didnt live C. hadnt lived D. doesnt live2. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _ in the clothing industry. A. is working B. works C. work D. worked3. Listen to the two girls by the window. What language_? A. did they speak B. were they speaking C. are they speaking D. have they been speaking4. We_ our new neighbors yet, so we dont know their names. A. dont meet B. wont meet C. havent meet D. hadnt meet5. Dont get off the bus until it _. A. has stopped B. stopped C. will stop D. shall stop6. I have to go to work by taxi because my car _ at the garage. A. will be repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired7. The water will be further polluted unless some measures_. A. will be taken B. are taken C. were taken D. had been taken8. I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I _ there several years ago. A. are going B. had been C. went D. have been 9. Shirley_ a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it. A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing10. She told me that she would not go with me if it _ the next day. A. rains B. had rained C. rained D. would rain11. He kept looking at her, wondering whether he _ her somewhere. A. saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen12. My brother _ while he _ his bicycle and hurt himself. A. fell; was riding B. fell; were riding C. had fallen; rode D. had fallen; was riding13. I _ you not move my dictionary now I cant find it. A. asked B. ask C. was asking D. had asked14. _ my sister three times but her line w