高一英语情态动词.doc

情态动词一 情态动词的特点：情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，表示“必须”、“可以”、“应当”等意思。由此可见情态动词有一定的意义，但无人称和数的变化，不能单独作谓语动词使用，必须和另一动词原形一起构成谓语（ought to除外），有时跟不定式的完成式或进行式连用。情态动词主要有：can could , may might, must, ought to, need, dare dared，此外shall, will, should, would在一定场合下也可作情态动词用。二 各个情态动词的用法 1. can 1). 表示能力Most of us can use the computer now.(91) A computer _ think for itself; it must be told what to do.A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not（06福建）If it were not for the fact that she _ sing, I would invite her to the party.A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. might not（06上春）You know he is not going to let us leave early if we _ get the work done.A. cant B. may not C. shouldnt D. mustnt 2). 表示客观可能性A more suitable book cant be found. ( = It is impossible to find )(99) Will you stay for lunch?-Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me.A. I mustnt B. I cant C. I neednt D. I wont（03）A left-luggage office is a place where bags _ be left for a short time.A. should B. can C. must D. will（06全国）10. We hope that as many people as possible _ join us for the picnic tomorrow.A. need B. must C. should D. can（06上海）Black holes _ not be seen directly ,so determining the number of them is a tough task. A. can B. should C. must D. need（07湖南） The biggest problem for most plants, which _ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them. A. shant B. cant C. neednt D. mustnt （08湖南） You dont have to know the name of the author to find a book. You _ find the book by the title.A. must B. need C. can D. would 3). 表示允许，和may意思接近，但may较正式May Can I come in?You can may go now. 4). 表示惊奇、怀疑、不相信等态度（主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句）The news cant be true.How can you be so careless?What can he mean?(94上海) Michael _ be a policeman, for he is much too short. A. neednt B cant C. should D. may (01上春) Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? A. can B. should C. may D. must(03上海) How _ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article? A. should B. can C. must D. will（04全国）- Isnt that Anns husband over there? - No, it _ be him -Im sure he doesnt wear glasses.A. cant B. must not C. wont D. may not（06全国）Theres no light on - they_ be at home.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt（06四川）-Is Jack on duty today? -It _ be him. Its his turn tomorrow. A. mustnt B. wont C. cant D. neednt（08浙江） You _ be hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago!A. wouldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt5) 表示一时的情况或特征，意为“有时候会”，只能用在肯定句中。 Those old books can be of some value.(05浙江) The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _ be very slow.A. should B. must C. will D. can（06湖南）Some aspects of a pilots job _ be boring, and pilots often _ work at inconvenient hours.A. can; have toB. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must（08一模）Its hard to say what kind of person he is. Sometimes he is very friendly; at other times he _ be very cold.A. can B. must C. will D. shall（08福建）It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _ be rather cold sometimes. A. must B. can C. should D. would（08辽宁）Peter _ be really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general.A. shallB. shouldC. can D. must2.could1). 表示能力或可能性，作can 的过去式 Could you follow her talk? She asked whether she could take the magazines out of the reading- room. 2). 表示表示惊奇、怀疑、不相信等态度，语气比can 弱，在这种情况下could 和can可以换用，could的语气较缓和，用can 时，不相信的程度更强一些。两者在时间上无差别。Where could can they be now?He couldnt cant be over fifty. (02北京) I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.- It _ true because there was little snow there. A. may not be B. wont be C. couldnt be D. mustnt be 3). 比较委婉、客气地提出问题或陈述看法，代替can, 无时间上的差别。Could you lend me your dictionary?Im afraid we couldnt give you an answer today.(92) -Could I borrow your dictionary?- Yes, of course you _.A. might B. will C. can D. should(97) Do you think I could borrow your dictionary?- _.A. Yes, you may borrow B. Yes, you couldC. Yes, help yourself D. Yes, go on.(05山东) Ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake.- It _ Harrys. He always wears green.A. has to be B. will be C. mustnt be D. could be3. may1). 询问或说明一件事可不可以做 You may take this seat if you like. May I trouble you with a question？ 在回答这种问题时，多避免用may这个词，而改用其它方式，以免显得口气太严峻或不客气。 May I smoke here? 肯定：Yes, please. Certainly. Of course. Sure. 否定：Please dont. No, youd better not. No, you mustnt. (02北春) I hear youve got a set of valuable Australian coins. _ I have a look ? -Yes, certainly. A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should (98上海) Could I call you by the first name?- Yes, you _. A. will B. could C. may D. might 2). 表示一件事或许会发生或某种情况可能会存在。（只有在陈述句中才能这样用。 He may be right.(92) Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. will(96) Johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself.A. wont; cant B. mustnt; may C. shouldnt; must D. cant; shouldnt (02) Is John coming by train?- He should., but he _ not. He likes driving his car.A. must B. can C. need D may （05安徽） Helen _ go on the trip with us, but she isnt quite sure yet.A. shall B. must C. may D. can(08全国II) Liza _ well not want to go on the trip - she hates traveling.A. will B . can C. must D. may(08四川)Although this _ sound like a simple task, great care is needed. A. must B. may C. shall D. should3). 在表示目的或让步状语从句中构成谓语。 Please speak louder in order that everyone in the room may hear you. Whatever he may say, I dont believe him.4. might1). 作为may的过去式，表示可以做的事或可能发生的事 He said that I might borrow his bike. 2). 代替may表示可以做的事或可能发生的事，这时might不是may的过去式，两者表示的时间是一样的，只是用might的语气比较婉转或实现的可能性更小些。 Might I use your telephone? You might have some fever.(2001) -Are you coming to Jeffs party? - Im not sure, I _ go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might3). 在表示目的等状语从句中和动词原型一起构成谓语。 He died so that the others might live.5. must1). 表示必须要做的事，否定式mustnt表示不应该、不许可、不准、禁止等。 Everybody must obey the rules. The work must be finished as soon as possible.You mustnt talk like that.(04上海) Children under 12 years of age in that country _ be under adult supervision when in a public library.A. must B. may C. can D. need（06广东）- Must he come to sign this paper himself? - Yes, he . A. need B. must C. may D. will(07北京) In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you_ take care of your luggage.A. can B. may C. must D. willNote: 在回答带有must 的问句时，否定式常用neednt 或dont have to 表示“不必”，因为mustnt表示禁止做某事 -Must I be home before 8 oclock? -Yes, you must. / -No, you neednt. = No, you dont have to. （05全国）Tom, you _ leave all your clothes on the floor like this!A. wouldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not must也可表示过去的情况，主要用在间接引语或宾语从句中 He told me I must had to be there at five. 2).表示“推测”、“一定”、“必定”用于肯定句must be must be doing must have done must have been doingYou must be tired after the long walk.You must have been to the Great Wall (88) Where is my pen? I _ it.A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost(05北春) I have lost one of my gloves. I _ it somewhere.A. must drop B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped(05北京) He _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cant(05辽宁) The cake is very sweet. You _ a lot of sugar in it.A. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put(05江苏) The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned. - Oh, dear! She _ a lot of difficulties!A. may go through B. might go through C. ought to have gong through D. must have gone through (05重庆) I was on the highway when this car went pat followed by a police car. They _ at least 150 kilometers an hour.A. should have been doing B. must have been doingC. could have done D. would have done（07江苏）- She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam. - I guess so. Its not difficcult at all. A. should B. could C. must D. might3). 表示“偏偏”“偏要”The car must break down just when we were about to start off. （03春统）Naturally, after I told her what to do , my daughter _ go and do the opposite. A. may B. can C. must D. should(04天津) Who is the girl standing over there? - Well, if you _ know, her name is Mabel.A. may B. can C. must D. shall（05全国）John, look at the time. _ you play the piano at such a late hour?A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need（06山东） May I smoke here ?- If you _, choose a seat in the smoking section.A. should B. could C. may D. must（06浙江） - Could I have a word with you, mum? - Oh dear, if you _. A. canB. mustC. mayD. should6.ought to1). 表示应该做的事（和should差不多，只是语气稍重一些） We ought to help each other in our work. (96上海) Sir, you _ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only. A. oughtnt to B. cant C. wont D. neednt2). 表示非常可能的事，意为“总该”、“理应” There is a fine sunset. It ought to be a fine day tomorrow. Mr. Li ought to know her address.7.needneed作情态动词表示“需要”这个意思时，主要用于否定句及疑问句中，在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to或should 代替。You neednt pay for it.-Need you go so soon?-Yes, I must. / -No I neednt.I dont think you need worry.(94) Shall I tell John about it?-No, you _. Ive told him already.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt(04)-I dont mind telling you what I know. -You _. Im not asking for it.A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt（05湖南）-Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary. -She _. Ive already borrowed one. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt（08陕西） What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?-Well, it _ be big-thats not important.A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. wontNote: need作实义动词用时，就可以用于各种结构（肯、否、疑） You dont need to do it yourself. The question needs discussing to be discussed.Does he need to know it?8.dare dareddare 用作情态动词，表示“敢于”，主要用于疑问句，否定句及条件从句中。Dare you go home alone?No one dared speak of it.He dare not do so.If you ever dare call me that name again, you will be sorry.(95上海)I wonder how he _ that to the teacher.A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say (08二模) I _ ask him, because I think I _ be wrong. A. darent; must B. dare; must C. dare; mustnt D. darent; mustntNote: 现在把dare用作实义动词用的时候更多一些，可以跟不定式连用。用于各种结构。The girl didnt dare (to) go home.I wonder how he dared to say such a thing.9.shall1). 在疑问句中, shall用来征求对方意见或请求指示，用于第一、第三人称。 Shall we start the meeting now? Excuse me, Sir, Mr. Smith has arrived. _ he wait outside or just come in?A. Could B. May C. Shall D. Must（06北京）Whats the name?Khulaifi. I spell that for you ?A. Shall B. Would C. Can D .Might (03北春) The room is so dirty. _ we clean it?- Of course. A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do 2). 用于第二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令”、“警告”、“威胁”、“强制”、“允诺”等意思。You shall do as I say.Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow.No one shall leave here without my permission. (01北京西城) If you listen to me, you _ have some candies, deary. A. shall B. will C. may D. must (02上海) It has been announced that candidates _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. A. can B. will C. may D. shall (04湖南) Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.-You _ have my computer if you dont take care of it. A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt (04重庆) “The interest _ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,”declared the judge.A. may B. should C. must D. shall（07四川）24一What does the sign over there read?一“No person _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area”A. will B. may C. shall D. must10. should 1). Should 表示责任或义务，意为“应当”，表示“劝告”“建议”时，可译成“应该”“最好”You should keep your promise.We should be strict in all our work. （04全国） I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _ report it to the police? A. should B. may C. will D. can（06江苏）21. - I think Ill give Bob a ring. - You _. You havent been in touch with him for ages. A. willB. may C. have toD. should(08上海) According to the air traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.A. mayB. canC. wouldD. should 2). 表示有一定依据的主观推测，“应该会，一定吧。(95)Its nearly 7 oclock, Jack_ be here at any moment.A. must B. need C. should D. can(98) - When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.- They _ be ready by 12:00.A. can B should C might D. need（05上海）There _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school. A. mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt （07全国） -Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? -It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted. A. will B. would C. should D. must 3)用于表示情感、意志等句中的that从句中，意为“竟然 、居然 ” Im shocked that you should speak in such a way. (01上海) You cant imagine that a well- behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady. A. might B. need C. should D. would11.will 1). 表示“意志”“意愿”用于各种人称。 He wont go. I will tell you all about it. (2001春) Write to me when you get there. - _. A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can 2). 在疑问句中will 用于第二人称时，表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求。 Will you please give him a message when you see him? Wont you sit down? 3). 表示习惯性动作“总是”“惯于” Hell talk for hours if you give him the chance.12.would 1). 是will 的过去式，表示过去的“意志”“愿望”，用于各种人称。They said they would help us. 2). 表示说话人的意愿或向对方提出请求，语气比will婉转，指的是现在。Would you care for a cup of tea?Id like to see your new dictionary. 3). 表示过去的习惯动作，意为“过去总是” (96上海) When he was there, he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. A. would B. should C. had better D. might (03上春) After supper she would sit down by the fire, sometimes for _ an hour, thinking of her young and happy days. A. as long as B. as soon as C. as much as D. as many as “情态动词+have done”结构“情态动词+have done”是历年高考重点考查的知识点之一。下面对其含义及用法结合高考例题分析如下。1 should / ought to have done(1)表示某一件事应该做而未做，有“责备”的意味。You should have come to the meeting yesterday. What was the reason for your absence?(91) Jenny _ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind. A. must B. should C. need D. would(92) We _ last night, but we went to the concert instead. A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study(94) I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her.A. had to write it out B. must have written it outC. should have written it out D. ought to write it out(99上海) There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You _ come, but why didnt you?A. must have B. should C. need have D . ought to have（07陕西）I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I have driven her there.A. couldB. must C. night D. should(2) 表示推断，意为“应该已经”He left two hours ago, so he ought to /should have arrived home by now.2. shouldnt / oughtnt to have done 表示做了本不该做的事，也有“责备”之意。(93) Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm. A. have told B. tell C be telling D. having told(2001) I was really anxious about you. You _ here without a word. A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave (02上春) Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach, I _ so much fried chicken.A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat(07浙江) - My cats really fat. - You _have given her so much food.A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. shouldnt D. mustnt （08江苏）- Im sorry. I _ at you the other day. - Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldnt shout B. shouldnt have shouted C. mustnt shout D. mustnt have shouted3. neednt have done 表示过去不必做的事，但实际已经做了。 You neednt have told John about it because I have told him already. I got up early, but I neednt have done so, because I had no work to do that morning. (03二模) The train was ten minutes late, so I _ have run all the way from my house to the st