英语名词讲解与练习.doc

I. 名词的种类：专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词II. 名词的数：1. 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives加-sbelief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-eshero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,2. 不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2单复数相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin, 3只有复数形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, cattle, staff5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)7表示“某国人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两部分变为复数women singers, men servantsIII. 名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。1. s所有格的构成：单数名词在末尾加sthe boys father, Jacks book, her son-in-laws photo,复数名词一般在末尾加the teachers room, the twins mother, 不规则复数名词后加sthe childrens toys, womens rights, 以s结尾的人名所有格加s或者Dickens novels, Charless job, the Smiths house表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加sJapans and Americas problems, Janes and Marys bikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加sJapan and Americas problems, Jane and Marys father表示某人家店铺，所有格后名词省略the doctors, the barbers, the tailors, my uncles2. s所有格的用法：表示时间todays newspaper, five weeks holiday 2表示自然现象the earths atmosphere, the trees branches3表示国家城市等地方的名词the countrys plan, the worlds population, Chinas industry4表示工作群体the ships crew, majoritys view, the teams victory5表示度量衡及价值a miles journey, five dollars worth of apples6与人类活动有特殊关系的名词the lifes time, the plays plot7某些固定词组a birds eye view, a stones throw, at ones wits end(不知所措)3. of所有格的用法：用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed注：不同国籍人的单复数 国籍 总称（谓语用复数） 单数 复数 中国人 theChinese, aChinese, twoChinese 瑞士人 theSwiss, aSwiss, twoSwiss 澳大利亚人theAustralians, anAustralian, twoAustralians 俄国人 theRussians, aRussian, twoRussians意大利人 theItalians, anItalian, twoItalians 希腊人 theGreek, aGreek, twoGreeks 法国人 theFrench, aFrenchman, twoFrenchmen 日本人 theJapanese, aJapanese, twoJapanese 美国人 theAmericans, anAmerican, twoAmericans 印度人 theIndians, anIndian, twoIndians 加拿大人 theCanadians, aCanadian, twoCanadians 德国人 theGermans, aGerman, twoGermans 英国人 theEnglish, anEnglishman, twoEnglishmen 瑞典人 theSwedish, aSwede, twoSwedes名词练习一、写出下列词的复数1.book_ 2.bus _ 3.orange _4.baby_ 5.boy_ 6.day _7.key_ 8.knife_ 9.watch_10.sheep _ 11. tooth _ 12. leaf _13.German_ 14.Chinese_二、选择题1. The _ of the room were covered with _. A. roofs, leafs B. roofs, leaves C. rooves, leafs D. rooves, leaves2. There are three _ in our factory. A. woman doctors B. women doctors C. woman doctor D. women doctor3. Which do you prefer _ or _? A. potatos, tomatos B. potatos, tomatoes C. potatoes, tomatos D. potatoes, tomatoes4. They are _ of different presses(出版社). Now they are having a meeting in one of the _ office. A. editor-in-chiefs, editors-in-chiefs B. editors-in-chief, editor-in-chiefs C. editors-in-chiefs, editors-in-chiefs D. editors-in-chief, editors-in-chiefs5. The ant has two _. A. stomaches B. stomacks C. stomach D. stomachs6. My family raise a lot of _, including two _. A. cattle, cows B. cows, cattle C. cattles, cows D. cow, cattles7. The Browns have spent a large _ of money on their new car. A. deal B. amount C. number D. size8. Mr Li shook _ warmly with a friend. A. hand B. a hand C. hands D. the hands9. The mother over there is _ mother. A. Julia and Mary B. Julia and Marys C. Julias and Marys D. Julias and Mary10. _ has been told not to throw waste things anywhere. A. The public B. People C. Women D. Man11. He was an _ in the government _. A. office, official B. official, office C. officer, office D. official, officer12. The police _ looking into the matter now. A. be B. is C. are D. are going to13. The Chinese are _ brave and hard working people. A. the B. a C. / D. one14. No news _ good news. A. is B. are C. have D. has15. Maths still _ very difficult for me, though I have done my best. A. looks B. seems C. is D. are16. “Where _ my trousers?” the boy asked. A. is B. was C. were D. are17. I saw many _ seated in the corner reading something. A. Japanese B. Japaneses C. of Japanese D. of Japaneses18. Father went to his doctor for _ about his heart trouble. A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices19. We are _ and they are _. A. Englishmen, Germans B. Englishmen, German C. Englishmans, Germans D. Englishmen, Germen20. Ill have to buy _ trousers. A. a B. two C. a pair of D. a couple of21. The laboratory assistant recorded the _ reactions（反应）. A. mouses B. mice C. mices D. mices22. This letter was sent by _.A. my father friend B. my father friends C. a friend of my fathers D. a friend of my father23. There are thirty-two _ in our school. A. woman teacher B. women teacher C. women teachers D. woman teachers24. Lucy and Lilyin the same class.A. am B. is C. are D. be 25. Which is the to the bus stop， please?A road B way C street D address 26. Hurry up!There is time left.A little B a little C few D a few 27. How many can you see in the picture?A tomatos B tomatoes C tomato D the tomato 28. is the meat. Please?Ten yuan a kilo.A How much B How many C How old D How long 29The boys name is James Allen Green. So his given name is.A James Allen B Allen Green C James Green D Mr. Green30 Shanghai is one of the biggestin our country.A city B citys C citys D cities31 Would you please pass me?A two paper B two papersC two