安全工程专业英语.doc

一、专业词汇翻译mine n. 矿山，矿井。v. 采矿colliery n. 矿井coal mining 采煤coalfield n. 煤田strike n. 走向dip n. 倾向roadway n. 巷道mining district 采区coalface n. 采煤面working face工作面ventilation n. 通风bolt v. 打锚杆； n. 锚杆immediate roof 直接顶；floor 底板；gas，methane 瓦斯outcrop 露头，露出地面的岩层fault n. 断层occurrence 赋存coalfield 煤田air shaft风井surrounding rock 围岩Mine ventilation 矿山通风internal combustion engine 内燃机dilute冲淡, 变淡, 变弱, 稀释contaminant 污染物noxious 有害的exhaust shaft 出风井colliery 煤矿trap door 通风门moisture content 湿度rank 品级bituminous 烟煤anthracite 无烟煤igneous地火成的natural fracture原生裂隙cleat【地质】割理porosity 多孔性sorptive吸附的Permeability渗透性free gas游离状态瓦斯adsorbed gas吸附状态瓦斯voidage孔隙度adsorption isotherm吸附等温线Methane drainage 瓦斯抽放Borehole 钻孔Accident Causation Models：事故致因模型System safety：系统安全 Hazard analysis：危害分析 Hazard identification：危险源辨识Ergonomics process 人机工程过程 Hazard Identification 危险源辨识safety culture 安全文化corporate culture 企业文化Accident Investigation：事故调查mine fire 矿井火灾二、句型翻译1、Rasmussen and Jensen have presented a three-level skill-rule-knowledge model for describing the origins of the different types of human errors.Rasmussen和Jensen提出了一种技能规范知识的三级模型，用来描述不同类型的人为失误的来源。2、The safety culture of an organization is the product of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies, and patterns of behavior that determine the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of, an organizations health and safety management.组织的安全文化是个人和群体的价值观、态度、认识、能力以及行为方式的产物，这些因素决定着组织健康与安全管理的投入、形式和水平 。（定语从句的分译）10、The ergonomic process key purpose, is to communicate information among all those involved, so that adequate and feasible solutions to problems having ergonomics issues can be solved.人机工程过程的主要目的，是为了在所有涉及到的因素之间进行信息交流，从而为涉及人机工程的问题提出充分、可行的解决方法。11、The expected benefits of hazard identification are a decrease in the incidents of injuries, a decrease in lost workdays and absenteeism, a decrease in workers compensation costs, increased productivity, and better cooperation and communication.危险源辨识的预期目标包括：降低伤害事故的发生、减少工时损失和旷工、降低工人赔偿开支、提高生产力、增进合作与交流 21、Williams et al take issue with the notion that organisational culture reflects shared behaviours, beliefs, attitudes and values. The argue that not all organisational members respond in the same way in any given situation, although there may be a tendency for them to adopt similar stystles of dress, modes of conduct, and perceptions of how the organisation does, or should, function.Williams等人对组织文化反映了人们共同的行为、信念、态度和价值观这一主张提出了异议。他们认为，尽管组织成员可能会倾向于接受相似的着装方式、行为模式以及组织可能或应该如何运行的看法，但是并不是所有的组织成员在任何给定的情况下都会做出同样的反应。 ” 28、An accident investigation is a fact-finding process and not a fault-finding process with the purpose of affixing blame. The end of any result of an accident investigation should be to assure that the type of hazard or accident does not exist or occur in the future. 事故调查是一个寻找事实的过程，而不是一个为了追究责任去寻找过错的过程。事故调查的任何结果的目标都应该是为了确保这一类的危害或事故将来不再存在或发生。 29、In spite of their complexity, most accidents are preventable by eliminating one or more causes. Accident investigations determine not only what happened, but also how and why. 尽管事故很复杂，但是大部分事故还是可以利用消除一个或多个致灾因素来预防的。事故调查确定的不仅仅是发生了什么，还包括怎么发生的，为什么发生。 36、The term “safety culture” first made its appearance in the 1987 OECD Nuclear Agency report on the 1986 Chernobyl disaster. Gaining international currency over the last decade, it is loosely used to describe the corporate atmosphere or culture in which safety is understood to be, and is accepted as, the number on priority. “安全文化”这一概念首次出现是在1987年欧洲经合组织(OECD: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development）核能机构关于1986年切尔诺贝利灾难的报告中。随着过去十年在国际上的流行，被广泛用于描述认为并接受安全为首要问题的企业氛围和文化。 40、In spite of their complexity, most accidents are preventable by eliminating one or more causes.尽管事故很复杂，但是大部分事故还是可以利用消除一个或多个致灾因素来预防的。41、Underground coalmining has historically been one of the highest risk activities as far as the safety and health of the workforce are concerned.就(人们)所关心的工人安全与健康问题而言，地下煤矿开采在历史上一直是高危行业之一。42、Mine ventilation is twofold in purpose: first, it maintains life, and secondly it carries off dangerous gases. The historic role of ventilation was to provide a flow of fresh air sufficient to replace the oxygen consumed by the miners working underground. 矿山通风的目标有两部分内容：首先，维持生命；其次，带走有毒的气体。矿山通风在历史上重要的角色是提供足量的新鲜空气，以代替井下工作的矿工所消耗的氧气。43、In the past, mining occurred nearthe surface where natural light and ventilationwas available. Fires were used to draw fresh air into the mine and exhaust shafts vented the hot smoke out of the mine.过去，采矿业产生在地表附近，可利用自然光和通风。人们用火驱动新鲜空气进入井下，出风井把烟排出井外。三、长句或小段落翻译1、One comprehensive definition for an organizational culture has been presented by Schein who has said that organizational culture is “a pattern of basic assumptionsinvented, discovered, or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integrationthat has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems”.对组织文化的一种全面的定义是由Schein提出的，他认为组织文化是“一种基本假设的模型由特定群体文化在处理外部适应与内部聚合问题的过程中发明、发现或发展出来的由于运作效果好而被认可，并传授给组织新成员以作为理解、思考和感受相关问题的正确方式。”10、Safety has been intentionally integrated into the design and development of many systems. In some instances, however, the safety realized in a system was only a byproduct of good engineering practice. As systems have become more complex and expensive, safety problems have become more acute. Because of accelerating technology and demands for a “first time safe” operation, a need has arisen to formally organize safety efforts throughout a systems life cycle. To meet this need, the concepts of system safety and the field of system safety engineering have evolved. 安全已经被有意识地整合进许多系统的设计与开发过程中。然而，在某些情况下，系统中所实现的安全仅仅是比较好的工程实践的副产品。随着系统变得更加复杂和昂贵，安全问题也变得日益严重。由于科学技术的快速发展和 “安全第一”的操作需求，需要人们在系统整个寿命周期内规范地组织安全工作。为了满足这种需求，系统安全的概念和系统安全工程领域应运而生。12、译文： Coal and gas outburst problems have been exacerbated significantly over the past decade because of higher productivity and the trend towards recovery of deeper coal seams. However, despite of great efforts, surprisingly little progress has been made towards understanding outburst mechanism. Prediction techniques continue to be unreliable and unexpected outburst incidents are still a major concern for underground coal mining.答案：随着煤炭产量的提高以及煤矿开采深度的增加，煤与瓦斯突出事故在过去的十年里越演越烈。尽管人们在煤与瓦斯突出机理研究方面作出了很多努力，但是收效甚微。由于目前的预测预报技术仍然达不到可靠的要求，突出事故仍然是煤矿地下开采的一大隐患。13、Methane, carbon dioxide and water are generated as by-products of the coal formation process. The proportions of each gas produced vary during the process. There are three mechanisms by which gas is stored within the coal seams. About 90 per cent of the gas is absorbed onto the coal surface within the matrix pore structure; the remainder exists as free gas in the natural fracture (cleat) systems of the seams or is dissolved within the seam water.甲烷、二氧化碳和水是成煤过程中产生的副产品。成煤过程中各种气体生成比例不同。瓦斯通过三种途径保存在煤层中。90%的气体吸附在基质孔隙结构中煤的表面，剩余的气体以自由状态存在于煤层的原生裂隙（割理）系统中或者溶解在煤层水中。14、Figure 1 illustrates the variation of both total and adsorbed methane with respect to gas pressure and at constant temperature. The curve illustrating adsorbed methane is known as the adsorption isotherm. Some 95 percent of the total gas will, typically, be in the adsorbed form, explaining the vast reserves of methane that are contained within many coal