非谓语动词(教案).doc

非谓语动词（教案）在英语中，不是用作句子的谓语，而是用于担任其他语法功能的的动词，称之为非谓语动词。非谓语动词有三种：不定式、动名词和分词。一 非谓语动词与谓语动词之区别：1 相同之处：1） 可以有宾语：He bought a house.He was considering buying a house.He wanted to buy a house.2)可以被状语修饰：He always gets up very early.He is used to getting up early.3)可以有“体”式和语态的变化：She has finished her job.Having finished her work,she went home.She is treated fairly.She insisted on being treated fairly.4)可以有自己的逻辑主语：My wife often works late.I dislike my wifes working late.It was a hot day.It being a hot day, we stayed home.2 不同之处：1） 可以起名词作用（如：不定式和动名词），在句中作主、宾、表语。Your duty is to look after the children.Complaining is no use.2） 可以起形容词作用（如：不定式和分词），在句中作表语、定语和宾语补足语等。The vase is broken.He is the a nice person to work with.We found the story amusing.3） 可以起副词作用（如：不定式和分词），在句中作状语。They are working hard to win still greater victory.The sick man came in, supported by two nurses.二 不定式：1 作主语（常置于句末，而用代替其做形式主语）To learn a foreign language is not easy.It is not easy (for me ) to learn a foreign language.2 作表语My job is to look after the babies.What I would like you to do is to keep silent about it.3 作宾语He offered to go with us.I want to see him.He considered it his duty to support his family.作宾语补语（在see, hear, observe, watch, feel, notice等感官动词以及let, make,have等动词后面，作宾补的不定式 to均省去）They asked him to sing a pop song at the concert.They heard him sing a pop song in the meeting room.He was heard to sing a pop song in the meeting room.4 作定语Do you have anything to eat in your bag?He is always the first to come and the last to leave.5 作状语In order to save the the child, he dived into the river.We are overjoyed to see you.6 不定式的逻辑主语：I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.7 连接词+不定式He will tell me how to use the dictionary.Where to get the book is what I want to know.He didnt tell us where to go and when to set out.8 不定式的否定形式They decided not to give up trying.9 不定式的时态We are happy to be with you on this trip.She is sure to succeed in the election.Im sorry to be troubling you at such a time.Im glad to be working with you.Im sorry to have kept you waiting.The enemy was reported to have surrendered two days before.10 不定式的语态This book is said to have been translated into many languages.It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.三 动名词：1 作主语Saying so much is useless/no good/(of)no useIt is useless/no good/(of)no use saying so much.Reading French is easier than speaking it.2 作表语My hobby is collecting stamps.My great pleasure is learning English.3 作宾语（下列动词只能接动名词avoid, consider, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, mind, keep, practise, miss，regret, insist on, give up, put off, object to）He enjoys listening to classical music.We must avoid making such mistakes again.I wouldnt mind waiting for another ten minutes.（有些动词后面可接动名词，也可接不定式：begin, start, continue, like, hate, prefer但动名词表示的意义是在一般情况下的行为，而不定式则表示某个具体的、一次性的行为。）I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon.4 介词宾语Are you used to eating American food?She went to school without having breakfast.5 动名词的逻辑主语Do you mind (my) opening the window.Tom insisted on my brothers going with him.动名词和不定式作宾语，意义不同的几组词：stop to do sth （停下一件事去做另一件事）stop doing sth （停止做某事）Remember to do sth.（记住要做某事）Remember doing sth（记得曾做过某事）Forget to to do sth（忘记要做某事）Forget doing sth （忘记曾做过某事）Regret to do sth（因要做某事而感到不安）Regret doing sth（因做了某事而感到后悔）Go on to do sth （接着做另一件事）Go on doing sth （继续做某事）Try to do sth（尽力做某事）Try doing sth（尝试做某事）Need to do sth（需要做某事）Need doing （需要被做）Want to do sth（想做某事）Want doing （需要被做）Used to do sth （过去常常做某事）Be used doing sth（习惯做某事）6 动名词的体式和语态He was praised for having made a great contribution to his country.His having been elected chairman of the club surprised us greatly.Jane like being read to when she is ill.He did it without being asked.四 分词分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示的意义是主动的、进行的；过去分词表示的意义是被动的、完成的。The developing countriesThe developed countries1 作表语：The story is very interesting.I am interested in English.The film is moving.We were moved by the film.2 作定语：It is an interesting book.We must learn from the working people.The boy singing on the stage is my brother.This is a book written by a famous scientist.3 作宾语补足语：(see, hear, feel, notice, watch, 分词说明动作正在发生；不定式说明动作发生的全过程。)I saw him going into the room.I saw him go into the room.4 作状语：1) 作时间或原因状语：wo