平行结构和非人称主语.docxVIP

平行结构parallelism 汉语中的排比多用于说理或抒情，有“壮文势，广文意”之效。 英文中的平行结构是追求语言整殇美的典范，词语，短语，从句，句子，语段都可以平行，有时还有交错使用。1，词的平行 Galileo studied, taught and experimented. (动词平行) He thought everybody lived far too elaborately(苦心经营的), expensively and anxiously. (副词平行) He spent of his life in the rich, lazy, corrupt(腐败堕落) Greek city Corinth. (形容词平行) Lumber, corn, tobacco, wheat, and furs moved downstream to the delta（三角洲） country. (名词平行)2，短语的平行 Gorki himself was a man of such great courage, of such deep simplicity（朴素天真） and of intense honesty. (介词短语平行) Knowing how to study and learning how to budget time are important for college students. (动名词短语平行) I like to be up first in my own camp, to wake the cook myself, to shave while he boils the kettle and then to call the rest of company with a warm cup of coffee. (不定式短语平行) Roger led the way through the castle, kicking them over, burying the flowers, scattering the chosen stones. (现在分词短语平行)3，从句的平行 When the green leaves become yellow gradually（逐渐的）, when the yellow leaves leave twigs（末梢） and fall down slowly, when the fallen leaves cover the footpath, we know that fall is here with us.(状语从句平行) If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible; who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time; who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer. (定语从句平行)4，句子的平行 We shall fight him by land; we shall fight him with by sea; we shall fight him in the air. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and few to be chewed and disgusted.5，语段的平行 Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring（抨击） those problems which divide us. Let both side, for the first time, formulate serious and precise proposals for the inspection and control of arms Let both sides seek to invoke（seek） the wonders of the earth the science instead of its terrors. Let the both sides unite to heed（focus） in all corners of the earth the command of Isaiah to “undo the hearty burdens and the oppressed（压迫） go free.”6，交错平行 Husbands have been killed, babies born deformed, wives left deserted, children crippled（使残疾） in accidents, homes burned to the groundIve looked and heard and wept and thought this is too much for anyone to bear and then Ive been astounded（震惊） at how happiness of a kind can be regained（恢复） out of the hell of grief.平行结构的审美1，叙事 The Chinese diplomats should be firm at stance, far in sight, swift in wit, qualified in profession, outstanding in talent, noble in character. Thousand of eyes turned upward. Thousand of arms pointed. A black cloud was rising from the shattered（破碎） summit of mountain. Higher and higher it rose.2，议论 They vanished from a world where they were of no consequence; where they achieved nothing; where they were a mistake and failure and foolishness; where they have left no sign that they had existed.3，抒情 I like empathy（神思） that age brings. I like looking at children on the verge（边缘） of some new event and knowing how they feel. I like looking at pregnant woman and being able to share their mixed feeling. I like being familiar with that once made me apprehensive（焦虑不安的）. I like not being afraid of display my ignorance and ask for help. I like the confidence middle age brings.4，诠释 Stanford University, famous as one of northern California s several institutions of higher learning, is sometimes called” the Harvard of the West”. Its reputation is based on its location, its intelligent students, its distinguished faculty, its growth opportunities offered to students, its overseas programs, its substantial endowment（捐赠）, and its recent extensive growth.5，演讲 The feeling of the nation must be quickened（触动）; the conscience of the nation must be roused（唤醒）; the propriety of the nation must be startled（惊吓-震慑）; the hypocrisy（伪善） of the nation must be exposed; and its crimes against God and men must be proclaimed（宣告） and denounced（揭发）. My fellow Americans: ask not your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe（敌人） to assure the survival and the success of liberty.非人称主语句 Impersonal Subject Sentence发怒之后，我不难过，也不后悔。After I got angry, I felt neither sorrow nor regret.Neither sorrow nor regret followed my passionate outburst（爆发）进入青年期，他工作了，也恋爱了。After he became a youth, he got a job and then fall in love with a girl.Youth sees him on a job and love.2012年6月，我在英国学习。I studied in Britain in June 2012.June 2012 found me studying in Britain.物人称动词能动性起源（老庄，儒家思想）作主语常出现的词心理名词（我）便觉得三分惆怅，三分无奈。然而，思之又觉释然。A touch of frustration（挫败感） and helpless comes over me a second thought brings me relieved calm.(有的人)心却像张开的网，放过了焦躁苦恼。Worries slip off their minds as from a open net.体貌名词很少有人能品味皱纹背后那历史与岁月拂过的幽香，她们无需再用铅华雕饰。The furrows plough（犁，耕） by time deny replenishment （补给） with cosmetics（化妆品）, for they are fertile soil（肥沃的土壤） radiating the fragrance of history.感觉名词当一个女人突然间意识到自己是一个女人并为自己的性别感到自豪时，是女人最美的时候。The confidence will bring the sense of beauty to a women and makes her attractive. A woman is never more beautiful when the full sense of being a female dawns on her and makes her very proud of the sex.自然现象名词于是，暮色匆匆的人群里，总有我赶路的身影。The gathering dark often finds me hastening home in a hurrying crowd.（我）只盼着早些回家。It is the longing to be home that quickens my steps.具体的物做名词我看见他们手上戴了戒指，Rings appeared glistening on their fingers.审美价值那是一个秋日微凉的黄昏。刚和老公怄过气，一头湿漉漉的乱发披散，站在院子的当口，让风使劲地吹。“过来！坏脾气女孩!”说话的当儿,他已拿着电吹风从房里走出来。没好意思再别扭，便拉过一把椅子顺从地坐下来。就这样，面对着满院子灿烂的花，不说一句话，心中的怨恨却已全消了。一头雾气渐渐地散尽了，耳畔不时地有一种温热的感觉。“也许，几十年后的一个黄昏，像现在，你一个人独坐的时候，你会想起眼前的这一刻的。”沉默了很长时间的他，突然说出这样的话来，而且声音里还带着一丝藏不住的伤感。“那你呢？”我问。老公关掉了手中的吹风机，看了我一眼，笑笑，然后用手摆正我的头，手中的吹风机又响了起来，好一会儿才说：“先你而去了。”声音是那么肯定而平静，而我好像突然明白了一直不作声的他心中那一份痛惜的感觉，就像一个顽童突然看到了