unit Cloning and Ethics Passage A综合ppt课件.ppt

CloningandEthics UnitFour 1 Contents BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading 4 1 2 3 PassageANotNow Dr Miracle 2 BeforeReading Talkinsmallgroups Backgroundinformation Lead inListening 3 Talkinsmallgroups Whatimagesdoeshumancloningconjureuptoyou Howmuchdoyouknowaboutit Doyouwantacloneofyourself Explain Doyouthinkweshouldpromotecloning Explain Note Sscantakenotesabouttheinterestingpointsintheirtalk Imageinformationinproduct Image Notetocustomers ThisimagehasbeenlicensedtobeusedwithinthisPowerPointtemplateonly Youmaynotextracttheimageforanyotheruse 4 Backgroundinformation Clone 克隆 IVFtreatment 试管受精治疗 Vatican 梵蒂冈 罗马教廷 Dolly 绵羊多利 SeverinoAntinoriInformationaboutclonearoundtheworldPublicopinionsonHumancloning 5 Backgroundinformation Cloningistheprocessofcreatinganidenticalcopyofsomething Inbiology itcollectivelyreferstoprocessesusedtocreatecopiesofDNAfragments molecularcloning cells cellcloning ororganisms Thetermalsoencompassessituations wherebyorganismsreproduceasexually Thetermcloneisderivedfrom theGreekwordfor twig referringtotheprocess wherebyanewplantcanbecreatedfromatwig Reference http en wikipedia org wiki Cloning 6 IVFTreatment InVitroFertilization试管受精 Invitroliterallymeans inglass Thedictionaryexplainsitasaprocessmadetooccuroutsidethebiologicalbody inanartificialenvironment Thus invitrofertilizationsimplymeansthefertilizationprocessthatoccursunderlabconditionsandnotinsidethemother swomb 子宫 Undernaturalconditions forpregnancytotakeplace thesperm 精子 fromthemalebodyuniteswiththeegginsidethefallopiantube 输卵管 ofthefemalebody However anumberoffactorscancontributetothisprocessnotoccurringnaturally 7 Vatican Anindependentpapal 教皇制度的 stateontheTiberRiverwithinRome Italy CreatedbytheLateranTreatysignedbyPope 罗马教皇 PiusXIandVictorEmmanuelIIIofItalyin1929 itissuesitsowncurrencyandpostagestampsandhasitsownnewspaperandbroadcastingfacilities Thegovernmentisrunbyalaygovernorandcouncil allresponsibletothepope Population 932 8 TourismattractionsinVatican VaticanMuseums 9 TourismattractionsinVatican PapalAudience 10 TourismattractionsinVatican SistineChapel 11 TourismattractionsinVatican VaticanGarden 12 Dolly DollytheSheep CloningSubjectBorn 5July1996Birthplace Edinburgh ScotlandDied 14February2003BestKnownAs Thefirstclonedmammal 13 Dollywashistory sfirstclonedmammal InFebruaryof1997itwasannouncedthatthebiotechnologyfirmPPLTherapeuticsandtheRoslinInstituteofEdinburgh Scotlandhadsuccessfullyclonedasheep underthedirectionofDr IanWilmut Cellsfromtheudder 牛 羊的乳房 ofapregnantsixyear oldsheepwereinsertedintotheuterus 子宫 ofanothersheeptodevelop andDollywasborninJulyof1996 HernamewasaslynodtosingerDollyParton DollyhadtheDNAofhersource makingherthefirstmammalsuccessfullyclonedusingadultcells Dollywasputtosleepin2003afterdoctorsdetectedprogressivelungdisease thoughshehadonlyreachedhalfthelifespanofatypicalsheep 14 SEVERINOANTINORI SeverinoAntinori born1945 isanItaliangynecologistandembryologist Hehaspubliclytakencontroversialpositionsoverinvitrofertilisation IVF andhumancloning Hebeganhiscareerinterestedinveterinarybiology HesetuphisownclinicinRomein1982 In1986hepioneeredtheuseoftheICSI intracytoplasmicsperminjection processinItaly From1989heextendedIVFtowomenwhohadpassedthemenopause In1994heassistedRosanaDellaCortes aged63 inbecomingpregnant shebecameoneoftheoldestwomeninhistorytogivebirth 15 InformationaboutclonearoundtheworldIn1996scientistsusedaprocedurecalledsomaticcellnucleartransfer 体细胞核移植 toproducethesheepDollyfromclonedcells Dolly sbirthrepresentedanadvanceoverpreviouscloningexperimentsbecauseitprovedthatanimalscouldbeclonedfromthecellsofanadultanimal Likeothereffortsincloning however thisworkdemandedperseverance ittook277triesatsomaticcellnucleartransfertocreateDolly 16 PublicopinionsonHumancloningAntinoriclaimsthathumancloningisthegreathumanexperimentofourageandsimplyacontinuationofthebattletocombatinfertility 不孕症 Manyfellowscientistsdon tagree however andcondemnhiswork OneoftheseisLanWilmut creatorofDollythesheep Hecallshumanreproductive 繁殖 cloning dangerousandirresponsible ReligiousorganizationsarealsoconcernedandtheVaticanhasdescribedAntinori sworkas grotesque 荒唐的 and evil 17 FranceandGermanyhaveproposedatwo stepapproachthatwouldfirstbanreproductivecloning 生殖性克隆 而对于生殖性克隆 即通常所说的克隆人 由于它在总体上违背了生命伦理原则 所以 科学家的主流意见是坚决反对的 producingaclonedbaby andthendebatewhethertobantherapeuticcloning 治疗性克隆 利用胚胎干细胞克隆人体器官 供医学研究 解决器官移植供体不足问题 这是国际科学界和伦理学界都支持的 Thisformofcloninginvolvescreatingearlyembryosforuseinmedicalresearchandtreatment ButtheUSwantsaone stepblanketbanonallformsofcloningandclaimstoleadagroupofabout30mainlyCatholiccountriessharingthatview 18 Lead inListening Listentothefollowingpassageaboutcloningandtrytofillthemissingwordsintheblanks Youwillhearthepassagethreetimes Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime youshouldlistencarefullyforitsoriginalidea Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard Finally whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten 19 ThenewsthatasheepinScotlandhasbeensuccessfullycloned1 Whatgoodwoulditbetoclonehumans WhatwouldIdowithacloneofmyself Then2 thatIcouldhavemyclonegointoworkformewhileIwentouthiking biking skiing etc Ireallycouldbeintwoplacesatonce Butwaitaminute Ifthat swhatIwoulddowithmyclone howdoIknowthatI mnotaclonemyself Whatifthe3 hadhimselfclonedandsenttheclone thatis me intodohisworkforhim Thisexplainsalot allthosemysteriouschecksIfindinmy4 everymonth withmysignature butdon trememberwriting Firsttime whymywifedoesn tseemtonoticewhenI vebeenoutoftown allthosetrafficticketsIhavetopaybutswearIneverreceivedinthefirstplace whymyfriendssaythingslike IthoughtIsawyououtskiinglastweek whenIknowIwasatwork whyIkeepgettingfinesfor5 atthelibrary whenIonlycheckoutCD s the6 tomycreditcard theonewithmypictureonit fromLondon Paris NewYork Icanonlyhopetheoriginalmenevergetssentencedtoprison 2ndtime 20 ThenewsthatasheepinScotlandhasbeensuccessfullycloned1 Whatgoodwoulditbetoclonehumans WhatwouldIdowithacloneofmyself Then2 thatIcouldhavemyclonegointoworkformewhileIwentouthiking biking skiing etc Ireallycouldbeintwoplacesatonce Butwaitaminute Ifthat swhatIwoulddowithmyclone howdoIknowthatI mnotaclonemyself Whatifthe3 hadhimselfclonedandsenttheclone thatis me intodohisworkforhim Thisexplainsalot allthosemysteriouschecksIfindinmy4 everymonth withmysignature butdon trememberwriting Thirdtime whymywifedoesn tseemtonoticewhenI vebeenoutoftown allthosetrafficticketsIhavetopaybutswearIneverreceivedinthefirstplace whymyfriendssaythingslike IthoughtIsawyououtskiinglastweek whenIknowIwasatwork whyIkeepgettingfinesfor5 atthelibrary whenIonlycheckoutCD s the6 tomycreditcard theonewithmypictureonit fromLondon Paris NewYork Icanonlyhopetheoriginalmenevergetssentencedtoprison Checkup 21 ThenewsthatasheepinScotlandhasbeensuccessfullycloned1 Whatgoodwoulditbetoclonehumans WhatwouldIdowithacloneofmyself Then2 thatIcouldhavemyclonegointoworkformewhileIwentouthiking biking skiing etc Ireallycouldbeintwoplacesatonce Butwaitaminute Ifthat swhatIwoulddowithmyclone howdoIknowthatI mnotaclonemyself Whatifthe3 hadhimselfclonedandsenttheclone thatis me intodohisworkforhim Thisexplainsalot allthosemysteriouschecksIfindinmy4 everymonth withmysignature butdon trememberwriting gotmewondering ithitme originalme bankstatement 22 whymywifedoesn tseemtonoticewhenI vebeenoutoftown allthosetrafficticketsIhavetopaybutswearIneverreceivedinthefirstplace whymyfriendssaythingslike IthoughtIsawyououtskiinglastweek whenIknowIwasatwork whyIkeepgettingfinesfor5 atthelibrary whenIonlycheckoutCD s the6 tomycreditcard theone withmypictureonit fromLondon Paris NewYork Icanonlyhopetheoriginalmenevergetssentencedtoprison overduebooks unexplainedcharges 23 GlobalReading 24 GlobalReadingActivity1 HeadingMatchingDirection PassageAhas11paragraphs Choosethemostsuitableheadingforeachparagraphfromthelistofheadingsbelow Paragraph1hasbeendoneforyouasanexample 25 ListofHeadings A Usingreproductivecloningtocombatinfertility B TheRaelianssupportsreproductivecloning C Antinoribelievesthatreproductivecloningwillbeacceptedeventually D Topicraising Dr Miracleisofferingtoclonehispatients E Antinori theItaliandoctor F Antinoriisnoordinaryscientist 26 G Successcanonlybeachievedatanunacceptablyhighprice H Regulateitorprohibitit I DividedviewsexpressedonDr Miracle soffer J Dr Miracleistakingagraveriskbystartingreproductivecloningtooearly K Thescienceisnotreadyforhumancloning L Clonedbabieswillneverbeaccepted M Antinoriandhisteamhavemadeconsiderableprogressinreproductivecloning 27 ExamplePar 1E Antinori theItaliandoctor NB Therearemoreheadingsthanparagraphssoyouwillnotuseallofthem 28 KeystoHeadingMatching E Antinori theItaliandoctor Para 1 29 KeystoHeadingMatching D Topicraising Dr Miracleisofferingtoclonehispatients Para 2 30 KeystoHeadingMatching I Dividedviewsexpressedonthisoffer Para 3 31 KeystoHeadingMatching F Antinoriisnoordinaryscientist Para 4 32 KeystoHeadingMatching A Usingreproductivecloningtocombatinfertility Para 5 33 KeystoHeadingMatching K Thescienceisnotreadyforhumancloning Para 6 34 KeystoHeadingMatching G Successcanonlybeachievedatanunacceptablyhighprice Para 7 35 KeystoHeadingMatching B TheRaelians areligiousgroupsupportsreproductivecloning Para 8 36 KeystoHeadingMatching H Regulateitorprohibitit Para 9 37 KeystoHeadingMatching C Antinoribelievesthatreproductivecloningwillbeacceptedeventually Para 10 38 KeystoHeadingMatching J Dr Miracleistakingagraveriskbystartingreproductivecloningtooearly Para 11 39 GlobalReadingActivity2 Readtheheadingofeachparagraphagainandthinkaboutthestructureofthispassage Howmanypartscanwedividethispassageinto 40 PartDivision 1 4 5 8 9 11 3parts PartI PartII PartIII 41 PartI 1 4 1 WhoisDr Miracle Dr MiracleisarichItaliandoctorcalledSeverinoAntinori 2 Whatdidhedointhepast Sevenyearsago hehelpedgrandmothersgivingbirthusingdonoreggs Laterheusedmicetonurturethespermofmenwithpoorfertility Inshort hehaspushedreproductivebiologytothelimitsandhasalreadyofferedeveryIVFtreatmentundertheSun 42 3 Whatisheofferingtodonow Heisofferingtoclonehispatientstocreatethebabiestheywant 4 Howdopeoplerespondtohisoffering Itcreatedquiteastir Like mindedscientistsfromtheUShavejoinedhiminhisadventure Otherscientistsroundedonhim Religiousleaderslineuptoattackhisplan 43 Dr Antinoriisacontroversialdoctorwhopushesreproductivebiologytothelimits FunctionandSummary 44 PartII 5 8 1 Whyistheideaofusingcloningtocombatinfertilitynotasmadasitsounds Becauseforsomecouples it stheonlyhopeforhavingtheirownchild ifwewanttobeimmortal that sthekeytoachievingimmortality 45 2 Whenwillwechangeourmindandallowreproductivecloninginspecialcircumstances Onlywhenthescienceisready 3 Isthescienceready No notreadyyet 46 4 Whatisthecurrentsituationofreproductivecloningtechnology FiveyearsonfromDolly thescienceofcloningisstillstuckinthedarkages Thefailurerateisashocking97 anddeformedbabiesfrequentlyoccur Evenwhencloningworks nobodyunderstandswhy 47 5 CanAntinorisucceedincombatinginfertilitywithcloning Ifhesucceeds itismorelikelythathewillmakeitatanunacceptablyhighprice withhundredsofeggsandembryoswastedandlotsofwomengoingthroughdifficultpregnancies 48 ThethinkingonDr Antinori sideaofusingcloningtocombatinfertility FunctionandSummary 49 PartIII 9 11 1 Whatshouldwedo Shouldweprohibithumancloningorshouldweregulateit Prohibitionismorelikelytodriveitundergroundandsecrecyisaseriousproblem Soonerorlater wehavetodecidewhichissafer prohibitionorregulation 50 2 IsDr Miracle sofferingadeliberatedecision No Heistakingahellofrisk althoughhebelievesthatoncetheclonedbabyisborntheworldwillembraceitandpeoplewillacceptreproductivecloningasanotherIVFtechnique Ifhedoesn tsucceed orifhemakesitatagreatprice cloningcouldberejectedbypeoplecompletely Andthecurrentsituationisthatthescienceofcloningisnotready 51 It stooearlytostartfertilityresearchthroughcloning FunctionandSummary 52 GlobalReadingActivity3 GroupDiscussionDiscussthefollowingquestionsandtrytoreachanagreementabouteachone Choosearepresentativetovoiceyouropinion 53 1 WhyisAntinoricalledDr Miracle Whatarehismainachievements Byusingthemostadvancedreproductivebiologicaltechniquestotreathispatients hehasworkedalotofmiraclessuchashelpinga63 year oldladygivebirthusingdonoreggsandpioneeringtheuseofmicetonurtureinfertilesperm Nowworkingoncloning heischallengingthebiologicallimitsandstrivingforanothermiracle 54 2 Howdoyouunderstandtheauthor sstatementthat Dr Miracleandhiscolleaguesaretakingonehellofarisk Thissentenceactuallymeansthatwithsocialandtechnicalproblemsunsettled theoddsareagainstAntinoriandhiscolleagues Iftheyfail peoplemaylosetheirconfidenceincloning andeveninscienceasawhole whichwillberathercatastrophic 55 3 Withsomanyproblemsunsolved shouldthetechnologyofhumancloningbeprohibitedbythegovernmentaccordingtothepassage Why No Thewriterthinksprohibitingcloninghumanswilljustdriveitundergroundinsteadofputtinganendtoit Thisisevenmoredangerous Thushebelievesthatregulatingproductivecloningispossiblyabetterchoice 56 4 WhatdoesthewriterthinkoftheofferingofDr Miracleandhiscolleagues Hebelievesthattheyarejumpingthegunandtakingagraverisk Thescienceisreadyforit 57 5 What stheauthor sattitudetowardproductivecloning Hebelievesthatitshouldbeallowedinsomespecialcasesasafertilitytreatmentbutthescienceisnotreadyofitandtheresearchshouldberegulated 58 GlobalReadingActivity4 SummaryCompletionCompletethesummaryofthispassageonPage80 59 DetailedReading TermsforReproductiveBiology Words Sentences 60 TermsforReproductiveBiology fertility theabilitytoproduceoffspringsoilfertilityIVFtreatment in vitrofertilizationtreatmentcrueltreatment preferentialtreatmentembryo anorganisminitsfirststatebeforefulldevelopment birth orhatchingTheplansarestillinembryo miscarriage theactofaccidentallygivingbirthtooearlyforthebabytoliveamiscarriageofjustice themiscarriageoftheplanabortion terminationofpregnancybyamedicaloperationTheprojectprovedanabortion 61 DetailedReading SeverinoAntinoriisarichItaliandoctorwithastringofprivatefertilityclinicstohisname Line1 have toone snameinthenameofunderthenameofIgreetyouinthenameofthePresident Daviddidnothaveabooktohisname Didhepublishthenovelunderhisownname orunderapseudonym asthenamesuggests implies indicates toname but afew 62 DetailedReading YettheVaticanisnofanofhisscience Line2 YettheRomanCatholicChurchopposeshispractice befanofsth sb likesth sbverymuchIamagreatfanofravemusic football literature 63 DetailedReading Andofcourseit screatedquiteastir withotherscientistsroundingonAntinoriasreligiousleaderslineuptoattackhiscloningplanasaninsulttohumandignity Line5 Translation 当然这引起了轩然大波 不仅宗教领袖群起而攻击他的克隆计划 认为这是对人类尊严的玷污 而且其他科学家也出来抨击他 Moretolearn 64 roundonsb criticizefiercelyandattackwithaggressivewordsShewasamazedwhenheroundedonherandcalledheraliar createquiteastirThecomingofthequeencausedagreatstirinthecity ThenewscausedastirofinterestontheStockExchange lineup to causeto moveintoarow sidebysideoronebehindtheotherPeoplewerelininguptheretogetasampleofthenewproduct lineuptoattack criticize condemn DetailedReading 65 DetailedReading Antinorishottofamesevenyearsagohelpinggrandmothersgivebirthusingdonoreggs Line10 shoottofame这支乐队二十世纪八十年代凭借那张专辑一举成名 Thebandshottofameinthe1980swiththesinglealbum becomeanovernightsensationbecomefamousovernight 66 DetailedReading Heisclearlynoordinaryscientistbutashowmanwhothrivesoncontroversyandpushingreproductivebiologytothelimits L11 12 Translation 很显然 他不是一位普通的科学家 而是一个爱出风头的人 他靠论争而成名 并将生殖学推到了极限 Moretolearn 67 DetailedReading thriveonsth toenjoyorbesuccessfulinaparticularsituation especiallyonethatotherpeoplefinddifficultorunpleasant大多数不喜欢承担这么多的责任 她却似乎干得很开心 Mostpeoplewouldn tliketohavesomuchresponsibility butsheseemstothriveonit Hethrivesoncriticism 他接受批评而不断进步 Themedia whichthriveoncontroversy haverecentlybeenprovidingmoreaccurateandscientificinformationwhencoveringmedicationstotreatthedisease Moretolearn 68 push tothelimitsManhasforeverpushedhimselftothelimitstryingtoachievetheimpossible Populationsgrowandmaterialneedsincreaseatarapidpace pushinglocalresourcesalmosttothelimits Eachandeveryoneofthesegoodplayershaspushedthemselvestothelimitsofhumanenduranceandbeyond DetailedReading 69 DetailedReading However hisideaofusingcloningtocombatinfertilityisnotasmadasitsounds Line14 15 notas asitsoundsOncloserreadingofthelaw however oneshouldnotpaintsuchapessimisticpicture Thelawisnotasthreateningasitsounds 70 DetailedReading Manypeoplehaveahardjobseeingthepointofreproductivecloning Line15 haveahardjobdoinghavedifficulty trouble problem pleasure adifficulttime in doingsth seethepointofget see understand missthepointofsth Thereisnopointofdoingsomething What sthepointofdoingsomething 71 andscientistslikeAntinoriareprobablyrighttosaythatmuchofouroppositiontocloningasafertilitytreatmentisirrational Line18 20 oppositionnTherewasalotofoppositiontothenewroad inoppositiontosb sth opposev doing Thepresidentopposesgivingmilitaryaidtothiscountry asopposedtoIamhereonbusinessasopposedtoaholiday oppositen Helivesoppositeme tome Moretolearn DetailedReading 72 DetailedReading rational reasonable sensiblerational basedonfactsandintelligentthinking notinfluencedbyfeelingsorimaginationEducationhelpsustomakerationaldecision reasonable anexplanationseemstobesensible andyoucanunderstandthereasonforit Ithoughttheirrequestformoreinformationwasreasonable butitwasrefused sensible havingorshowinggoodsenseThemostsensiblethingwouldbetosellthehouse 73 DetailedReading FiveyearsonfromDolly thescienceofcloningisstillstuckinthedarkages Line23 24 stuckadj notabletomoveorcontinuedoingsthWewerestuckinatrafficjamforanhour Iamstuckonthesecondquestion 74 DetailedReading Tobegincloningpeoplenow beforeeventhemostbasicquestionshavebeenanswered issimplyawasteoftimeandenergy Line27 28 Translation 最基础的问题还没有答案 现在就要开展人体克隆 这简直就是浪费时间 浪费精力 ThisisnottosaythatAntinoriwillfail onlythatifhesucceedsitislikelytobeatanunacceptablyhighprice Line29 Translation 这并不是说安蒂诺里定会失败 问题仅仅在于即使他成功了 代价也许会高得让人难以接受 75 DetailedReading Hundredsofeggsandembryoswillbewastedandlotsofwomenwillgoth