初升高英语衔接班第5讲.doc

【同步教育信息】一. 本周教学内容：初升高英语衔接班第5讲倒装结构与插入语二. 重、难点：A. 倒装结构对于倒装结构我们在初中已经接触到了一些，它们比较简单，也不太系统。到了高中之后我们会较为系统地学习这一结构，它也会更经常地出现在我们的日常学习中，在考试中也会变成要考核的一项内容。（一）概说在英语句子的语序方面，主语在前谓语动词在后的句子是最基本的结构。如果把谓语动词放在主语之前，就叫做倒装结构。这种结构可分为全部倒装和局部倒装两种。前者指整个谓语动词部分放在主语之前；后者指助动词或情态动词放在主语之前。如：In came the teacher and the class began . 老师走了进来，然后开始上课。（全部倒装）Here comes the bus . 公共汽车来了。（全部倒装）Did you see Mary yesterday ? 你昨天看见玛丽了吗？（局部倒装）Have you done your homework ? 你做完作业了吗？（局部倒装）（二）倒装结构的基本用法根据语法、修辞的需要，倒装结构通常用于下列场合：1. 用于疑问句：如：Are you in Class Three ? 你在三班吗？Did you see the film yesterday ? 你昨天看电影了吗？Can you speak English ? 你会说英语吗？Where have you been ? 你到哪儿去了？2. 用于以 there或here开头的以名词为主语的句子。如：There are some foreign students in our school . 我们学校里有一些外国学生。There is a map of China on the wall . 墙上有一张中国地图。There seemed to be no problem . 好像没有什么问题。There used to be a factory on that corner . 拐角处有过一个工厂。In this village there lived an old man over ninety . 有个九十多岁的老人曾在这个小村子里住过。Here comes the professor ! 教授来了！Here is a letter for you . 这是你的信。There goes the bell . 铃响了。There is the boat . 小船在那儿。注意：以代词为主语时，不用全倒装结构。例如：Here she comes . 她来了。 Here it is . 它在这儿。3. 用于强调句首否定词语的句子。这些词语是：never，hardly，seldom，scarcely，little，barely，not only，neither，nor，not until等。如：Never have I read such an interesting book . 我从来没有读过这么有意思的书。Little does she know what may happen . 她一点也不知道可能会发生什么。Hardly could I believe it（to be）true . 我简直不相信这是真的。No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain heavily . 我刚到家，就下起大雨来了。Not only was Einstein a world-famous scientist , but also a fairly good violinist .爱因斯坦不仅是世界闻名的科学家，而且还是一个相当不错的小提琴家。Not until after the war did he return home . 直到战争结束，他才回家。 4. 用于以副词only开头的句子（only后面多为状语），如： Only this morning did I hear the sad news . 我今天早上才听到这个不幸的消息。Only after liberation was he able to go to school . 他解放后才能上学。Only after several months did I see the results of my work . 过了几个月，我才看到工作的结果。Only in this way can you learn English well . 只有这样，你才能学好英语。 5. 用于以副词so，neither，nor开头的句子。 （1）so用于肯定句，代替上文中的形容词、名词或动词，通常指前面所说的肯定情况也适用于其他人（或物）so+be（do，have，其他助动词或情态动词）+主语如：I can speak English . So can my brother . 我会说英语，我弟弟也会。They went to the Summer Palace last Sunday . So did we .他们上星期日到颐和园去了。我们也去了。He has been to the Great Wall . So have I . 他去过长城。我也去过。She enjoys teaching English . So does my sister . 她喜欢教英语。我姐姐也喜欢。You say he works hard ; so he does , and so do you . 你说他很努力，对，他确实很努力，你也一样。注意此句中的“ so he does，”，如果主语在前，助动词等在后，则表示赞同前人观点，译为“确实如此，确实是这样”，这与主语在后面的结构含义不同，请大家留意。另外，在so that 结构中，如果so在句首，通常也用倒装结构。如：So easy is it that a boy can learn it . 那很容易，小孩子都能学。So rapidly did he speak that we could hardly understand him clearly .他说得太快，我们简直听不清楚。（2）neither，nor用于否定句，通常指前面所说的否定情况也适用于其他人（或物）：Neither（not）+be（do，have，其他助动词或情态动词）+主语。如：I dont know where he lives . Neither does she . 我不知道他住在哪儿。她也不知道。I dont know the difference between these two sentences . Nor do they . 我不知道这两个句子的区别，他们也不知道。I didnt write my composition yesterday evening . Neither did Wei Fang .我昨天晚上没有写作文。魏芳也没写。The students were not in the classroom . Nor was the teacher .学生们不在教室里。老师也不在。6. 用于以表示处所、声音等义的副词开头的句子。用表示运动的不及物动词（如go，come，rush，fly等）作谓语时，为了表达生动，可将某些副词放在句首，谓语动词放在主语之前，形成倒装结构。如：Away flew the birds . 鸟飞了。Out went the children . 孩子们出去了。Down came the rain . 下起大雨来了。The door burst open and in rushed a stranger . 门突然开了，一个陌生人冲了进来。 7. 用于某些以地点状语开头的句子。 如：Under the big tree was sitting an old farmer . 在那棵大树底下坐着一个老农夫。Outside the classroom stood a boy . 教室外面站着一个男孩。Behind the farmhouse was a rice field . 农舍后面是一片稻田。At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake . 小山脚下有一个美丽的小湖。 8. 在直接引语后注明引语是什么人所说的句子里，主语是名词时，常用倒装结构；主语是代词时，往往不用倒装结构。如：“ You all did well in the exam , ” said the teacher .“你们大家的考试成绩都很好。”老师说。“ How is your mother ? ” asked her friend .“你母亲近况如何？”她的朋友问道。“ Nonsense ! ” shouted the man . “胡说！”那个人喊道。“ Whom are you looking for ? ” she asked .“你找谁？”她问道。“ Yes , I am a new student . ” he answered . “对，我是新生。”他回答说。 9. 如果主语过长或强调表语或状语时，也可以用倒装结构。 如：On the blackboard were the words written in English : “ Welcome to our class ! ”有人在黑板上用英文写道：“欢迎到我们班上来。”Present at the meeting were the school headmaster , the English teacher , and the students parents .出席会议的有校长，英语老师和学生们的家长。B. 插入语：（一）概说英语句子中有时可以插入一个与全句句义无直接关系的附加部分，这种附加部分叫做插入语。如插入语位于句子中间，其前后一般可用逗号隔开。常用插入语有I think（我想），I am afraid（恐怕），you know（你也知道，你是知道的），it seems to me（我觉得），it is said（据说），to tell the truth（老实说），as far as I know（据我所知），for example（例如），in fact（实际上），to ones surprise（使惊奇的是）等。如：He is , I think , the best student in the class .我认为，他是班上最好的学生。To tell the truth , I dont believe in him myself .说实话，我自己也不信任他。In fact , his English in one of these articles was so good that Engels wrote him a letter praising for it .事实上，其中一篇文章的英文非常好，思格斯为此而写信赞扬他。The great painter , it is said , is sometimes very careless about his appearance .据说，那位大画家有时不修边幅。The conclusion . Im afraid , is not true . 这个结论恐怕是不正确的。（二）疑问句中的插入语如果疑问句中带有插入语，可使原句的主要部分变成从句，因而用陈述句的语序。如：What did he think we should do to get rid of the flies ?他认为我们应该怎样消灭这些苍蝇呢？（试比较：What should we do to get rid of the flies ?）When do you think he will be back ? 你认为他什么时候回来？（试比较：When will he be back ?）How long did she say she would stay here ? 她说她要在这儿待多久？（试比较：How long would she stay here ?）【模拟试题】综合练习（一）1. At head of the queue was old woman . A. a , an B. the , an C. the , the D. a , an2. I am thirsty . I want to buy .A. two bottles of oranges B. two bottles of orange C. two bottle of orangesD. two bottle of orange 3. Now children , turn to page and look at the picture in Lesson Two . A. twentieth , one B. twenty , one C. twentieth , first D. twenty , first 4. There are twenty teachers in this grade . Eight of them are women teachers and are men teachers . A. the other B. the others C. others D. other 5. He cant come to the party this evening because he has to do .A. important something B. anything important C. important anything D. something important 6. Does Mary work carefully ? Yes , I think she works in our class . A. much carefully B. more carefully C. most carefully D. much more carefully 7. I lost my way a rainy night and my mother was quite worried me . A. on , with B. on , about C. at , with D. at , about 8. Saturday Sunday is OK . I will be free in these two days . A. Either , or B. Neither , nor C. Both , and D. One , the other 9. I cant find my key . Have you seen it anywhere ? It in your handbag , I think . A. may be B. can be C. may D. must 10. Yesterday morning I got up early be late for the exam . A. in order to B. in order to not C. so as not to D. so as to 11. If you dont feel well , you may just . A. stopped reading B. stop reading C. stopped to read D. stop to read 12. My dictionary . I have looked for it everywhere but still it .A. had lost , dont find B. is missing , dont find C. has lost , havent found D. is missing , havent found 13. Im sorry I my homework at home . Thats all right . Dont forget it to school this afternoon . A. forget , to take B. forget , to bring C. left , to take D. left , to bring 14. The new computers to the village school as presents last month . A. are given B. given C. were given D. gave 15. How long can I the books ? Two weeks . A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep16. Ted , the radio is too loud . Please . A. turn it over B. turn it on C. turn it back D. turn it down 17. She didnt come to school yesterday , did she ? , though she was not feeling very well . A. No , she didnt B. Yes , she was C. No , she wasnt D. Yes , she did 18. Everyone except Tom and John there when the meeting began . A. are B. is C. was D. were19. wonderful music it is ! I like Bethovens better than anybodys . A. What B. How a C. What a D. How20. Do you know we will arrive at your hometown ? This afternoon . A. when B. why C. if D. where 21. I asked him at home go to the cinema that night .A. whether he would stay , orB. if he will stay , orC. that he would stay , andD. whether he would stay , and 22. Excuse me . How far is from here to the museum ? Quite near , only a few minutes walk . A. this B. / C. that D. it 23. This is the shop sells childrens clothing . A. where B. who C. the one D. which 24. When was the PRC founded ? It was founded on . A. July 1 , 1921 B. October 1 , 1949 C. August 1 , 1927 D. May 1 , 1922综合练习（二）1. Whats the matter with you ? I caught bad cold and had to stay in bed . A. a , / B. a , the C. a , a D. the , the 2. Dont worry about making when you speak English . A. clothes B. mistakes C. friends D. things 3. Is very difficult ? Not at all .A. the Lesson Twentieth B. Twentieth lesson C. the twentieth lesson D. lesson of twenty 4. All the boys were very tired , but of them would take a rest . A. all B. neither C. any D. none 5. did the meeting last ? About half an hour . A. How soon B. How long C. How far D. How much 6. I was feeling tired last night , so I went to bed than usual . A. early B. earlier C. late D. later 7. I was born April 20 , 1985 the north China . A. in , in , of B. on , in , of C. in , on , of D. on , on , in 8. Wed better not talk about it Mary leaves . Why not ask her to join us ? A. after B. until C. if D. though 9. Wheres Mr. Lee ? I have something unusual to tell him . You find him . He Japan .A. may not , has gone to B. may not , has been to C. cant , has gone to D. cant , has been to 10. How can I improve my spoken English ? You have to practise as much as you can . A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak 11. Could you give me a hand , please ? Sure . What would you like me ? A. do B. to do C. doing D. does 12. When this kind of computer ? Last year . A. did , use B. was , used C. is , used D. are , used 13. All the family skating except the twins . Thats true . Both of them singing , but neither of them good at it .A. enjoy , prefer , are B. enjoys , prefer , is C. enjoys , prefer , are D. enjoy , prefer , is14. Its getting warmer and warmer . The flowers start to . A. come in B. come over C. come out D. come on 15. Linda often her homework in the evening , but this evening she TV .A. does , watches B. is doing , is watching C. does , is watching D. is doing , watches 16. He could hardly say a word after the game , he ? A. did B. didnt C. could D. couldnt 17. That place is not interesting at all . of us wants to go there . A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some 18. The war was over about three months ago , the American soldiers in Iraq are still having a lot of trouble to deal with . A. or B. and C. but D. so19. Excuse me , would you please tell me ? Certainly . Go straight along here . Its next to a hospital .A. how we can get to the post office B. how can we get go to the post office C. how get to the post office D. how could we get to the post office 20. When will you tell him the good news ? I will tell him about it as soon as he back . A. comes B. came C. will come D. is coming 21. More and more people think necessary to let the students teach themselves . Thats true . They can improve themselves in this way . A. it has B. it C. that D. is does 22. Do you know Mrs. Jackson daughter is a famous poet ? A. that her B. whose C. who D. of whom 23. Im sorry Ive broken your glasses . . A. Its OK B. Dont be sorry C. You are welcome D. Thats nothing 24. The population of France is than Canada . A. more , / B. more , that of C. larger , / D. larger , that of 【试题答案】综合练习（