E.M.Foster.ppt

3 START Libido by李兴发蒋训案赵亚星钟水奇 Content DefinitionHistoryoftheConceptFactorsaffectinglibidoAboutFreud Definition Libidoreferstoaperson ssexdriveordesireforsexualactivity Thedesireforsexisanaspectofaperson ssexuality butvariesenormouslyfromonepersontoanother anditalsovariesdependingoncircumstancesataparticulartime Sexdrivehasusuallybiological psychological andsocialcomponents 性冲动 libido 指人见到 摸到 想到或听到与性相关的事物或声音 令人有一种兴奋的感官刺激 不能自制 尝试发生性行为 一些强迫性冲动有很多是与暴力 性相关的 HistoryoftheConcept SigmundFreudpopularizedthetermanddefinedLibidoastheinstinctenergyorforce containedinwhatFreudcalledtheid thelargelyunconsciousstructureofthepsyche Freudpointedoutthattheselibidinaldrivescanconflictwiththeconventionsofcivilizedbehavior representedinthepsychebythesuperego 弗洛伊德将力比多定义为包含于所谓的本我 精神内部主要的无意识结构 中的本能能量或动力 他指出这些力比多驱力可能与现有的文明行为规范相抵触 这些规范在精神结构当中表现为超我 ItisthisneedtoconformtosocietyandcontroltheLibidothatleadstotensionanddisturbanceintheindividual promptingtheuseofegodefensestodissipatethepsychicenergyoftheseunmetandmostlyunconsciousneedsintootherforms Excessiveuseofegodefensesresultsinneurosis 从众求同与控制力比多的需要导致了个体的不安与紊乱 进而促使个体利用自我防卫机制将这些未满足的 而且主要是无意识的心灵能量在其他形式当中得到释放 而这一机制的过度使用可以导致神经症 HistoryoftheConcept Definedmorenarrowly alsoreferstoanindividual surgetoengageinsexualactivity Inthissense theantonymofLibidoisdestrudo 狭义上 力比多也指个体对从事性行为的冲动 在这个意义上 力比多的反义词是死亡本能 Factorsaffectinglibido Relationalissues Psychologicalfactors Physicalfactors Medications Testosteroneandmenstrualcycle AboutFreud SigmundFreudwasanAustrianneurologistwhofoundedthedisciplineofpsychoanalysis Freud sfamilyandancestrywereJewish andFreudalwaysconsideredhimselfaJew althoughherejectedJudaismandhadacriticalviewofreligion Freud sparentswerepoor butensuredhiseducation Freudwasanoutstandingpupilinhighschool andgraduatedtheMaturawithhonorsin1873 Interestedinphilosophyasastudent Freudlaterturnedawayfromitandbecameaneurologicalresearcher Freudwentontodeveloptheoriesabouttheunconsciousmindandthemechanismofrepression andestablishedthefieldofverbalpsychotherapybycreatingpsychoanalysis Freudpostulatedtheexistenceoflibido developedtherapeutictechniquessuchastheuseoffreeassociation discoveredthetransferenceandestablisheditscentralroleintheanalyticprocess andproposedthatdreamshelptopreservesleepbyrepresentingasfulfilledwishesthatwouldotherwiseawakethedreamer Hewasalsoaprolificessayist drawingonpsychoanalysistocontributetotheinterpretationandcritiqueofculture Freud stheorieshavebeencriticizedaspseudo scientificandsexist andtheyhavebeenmarginalizedwithinpsychologydepartments althoughtheyremaininfluentialwithinthehumanities CriticshavedebatedwhetheritispossibletotestFreudiantheories SomeresearchersclaimevidenceexistsforsomeofFreud stheories Freudhasbeen