Unit 3,Book 3,2007年8月8日,学生用书(丛岩).doc

新视野大学英语综合技能训练 Students Book Unit 3, Book 3Unit 3 Part Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter.1. A. At a theatre. B. At a booking office. C. At a railway station. D.At a restaurant.2. A. The man is inviting the woman to dinner. B. The woman is too busy to join the man for dinner. C. The woman is a friend of the Stevensons. D. The man is going to visit the Stevensons.3. A. The professors presentation was not convincing enough.B. The professors lecture notes were too complicated. C. The professor spoke with a strong accent.D. The professor spoke too fast.4.A. The furnished apartment was inexpensive. B. The apartment was provided with some old furniture.C. The furniture in the market was on sale every Sunday.D. The furniture he bought was very cheap.5. A. The man is thinking about taking a new job.B. The man likes a job that enables him to travel.C. The man is sure that he will gain more by taking the job.D. The man doesnt want to stay home and take care of their child.6. A. Take the GRE test again in 8 weeks. B. Call to check his scores.C. Be patient and wait. D. Inquire when the test scores are released.7. A. She read it selectively. B. She went over it chapter by chapter. C. She read it slowly. D. She finished it at a stretch.8. A. He was kept in hospital for a long time. B. He was slightly injured in a traffic accident.C. He was seriously wounded in a mine explosion.D. He was fined for speeding.9. A. Wait for a taxi. B. Buy some food.C. Go on a trip. D. Book train tickets.10. A. Its not as hard as expected.B. Its too tough for some students.C. Its much more difficult than people think.D. Its believed to be the hardest optional course.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will be asked some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with the single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A. Anxious and worried. B. Proud and excited.C. Nervous and confused. D. Inspired and confident.12. A. His father scolded him severely. B. His father took back the six dollars. C. His father made him do the cutting again. D. His father cut the leaves himself.13. A. One can benefit a lot from working with his father. B. Manual laborers shouldnt be looked down upon. C. One should always do his job earnestly. D. Teenagers tend to be careless.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A. He ran a village shop. B. He worked on a farm.C. He worked in an advertising agency. D. He was a gardener.15. A. It was stressful. B. It was colorful.C. It was peaceful. D. It was boring.16. A. His desire to start his own business. B. The crisis in his family life.C. The decline in his health. D. His dream of living in the countryside. Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A. Because there are no signs to direct them. B. Because no tour guides are available. C. Because all the buildings in the city look alike. D. Because the university is everywhere in the city.18. A. They set their own exams. B. They select their own students. C. They award their own degrees. D. They organize their own laboratory work.19. A. Most of them have a long history. B. Many of them are specialized libraries.C. They house more books than any other university library.D. They each have a copy of every book published in Britain.20. A. Very few of them are engaged in research. B. They were not awarded degrees until 1948. C. They have outnumbered male students. D. They were not treated equally until 1881.Part Filling in the Blanks A. Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the words given in brackets.1. The company has been successful in _ (cultivate) a very professional image. 2. The poor _ (suspend) gives a rather bumpy ride.3. The sale _ (schedule) for tomorrow.4. _ (commit) an unforgivable error has a bad effect on his future career.5. What she said _ (convince) me that I was mistaken.6. His _ (assume) that the present situation is going to continue sounds reasonable.7. _ (enroll) in linguistics and history have fallen off, but the ones on law and journalism are slightly up.8. Prices are rising sharply, while incomes are _ (lag) far behind.9. He tried without success _ (dismiss) her from his thoughts.10. Weve been in _ (negotiate) with the employers about our wage claim.11. _ (exert) of authority over others is not always wise; persuasion may be better.12. They will celebrate the greatest scientific _ (achieve) of the decade.13. He has been the presidents _ (consult) on economic affairs in Europe.14. It wont make much _ (different) whether you go today or tomorrow.15. The recommendation that nuclear weapons be used _ (discard) as reckless and uncalled-for.16. I didnt want the medicine, but the nurse was so _ (insist) that I finally agreed to drink it.17. It was very _ (consider) of you to send me a card on the occasion of Christmas.18. There is some excellent _ (describe) writing in both Hardys novels and biography.19. Stones account is _ (comprehend) and impressive, relying on an extensive exploration of court records.20. It is a very _ (attract) offer, and Ill have to give it serious thought.B. Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please choose the proper one. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 1 to 10 are based on the following passage. Unless measures are taken at once, there is a possibility that all the oceans of the world will be dead by the next century. How can this possibly happen? We have already seen that people 1 all kinds of waste products to be thrown into the sea. It is almost 2 to measure how much industrial waste ends up in our oceans, but we can 3 how much oil is poured into them according to the law and against the law. It is against the law to pour oil into the sea 4 to the shore, but when a ship is many miles out to the sea, there are no such 5 . Estimate of the amount of oil poured in European Waters 6 is about 200,000 tons every year. Some people say the 7 could be ten times as high around the world.It is not only our 8 that suffer from oil pollution. Among other things, many fish now contain very high amounts of 9 substances. Next time you have fish to eat, how can you be sure that they are free from oil pollution? You cannot see the 10 and you cannot taste them, either. It is really quite a problem.Nearly all of the countries are trying hard to prevent and control oil pollution. We hope that the day will soon come when fish will be free from oil pollution.A. limitations E. closeI. edit M. effectsB. seashores F. poisonous J. figure N. calculateC. allow G. afterwardsK. impossible O. extensiveD. invade H. agendaL. alonePart Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions. For questions 1-7, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with information given in the passage. Cross Cultural NegotiationsCross cultural negotiation is one of many specialized areas within the wider field of cross cultural communications. By taking cross cultural negotiation training, negotiators and sales personnel give themselves an advantage over competitors. There is an argument that proposes that culture is inconsequential(无关紧要的) to cross cultural negotiation. It maintains that as long as a proposal is financially attractive it will succeed. However, this is a naive way of approaching international business. Let us look at a brief example of how cross cultural negotiation training can benefit the international business person: There are two negotiators dealing with the same potential client in the Middle East. Both have identical proposals and packages. One ignores the importance of cross cultural negotiation training believing the proposal will speak for itself. The other undertakes some cross cultural training. He/She learns about the culture, values, beliefs, etiquette and approaches to business, meetings and negotiations. Nine times out of ten the latter will succeed over the rival. This is because it is likely they would have endeared themselves more to the host negotiation team and they would be able to tailor their approach to the negotiations in a way that maximizes the potential of a positive outcome. Cross cultural negotiation is about more than just how foreigners close deals. It involves looking at all factors that can influence the proceedings. By way of highlighting this, a few brief examples of topics covered in cross cultural negotiation training shall be offered.Eye Contact In the US, UK and much of northern Europe, strong, direct eye contact conveys confidence and sincerity. In South America it is a sign of trustworthiness. However, in some cultures such as the Japanese, prolonged eye contact is considered rude and is generally avoided.Personal Space & Touch In Europe and North America, business people will usually leave a certain amount of distance between themselves when interacting. Touching only takes place between friends. In South America or Middle East, business people are tactile(能触知的) and like to get up close. In Japan or China, it is not uncommon for people to leave a gap of four feet when conversing. Touching only takes place between close friends and family members.Time Western societies are very “clock conscious”. Time is money and punctuality is crucial. This is also the case in countries such as Japan or China where being late would be taken as an insult. However, in South America, southern Europe and the Middle East, being on time for a meeting does not carry the same sense of urgency.Meeting & Greeting Most international business people meet with a handshake. In some countries this is not appropriate between genders. Some may view a weak handshake as sign of weakness whereas others would perceive a firm handshake as aggressive. How should people be addressed? Is it by first name, surname or title? Is small talk part of the proceedings or not?Gift-givingIn Japan and China gift-giving is an integral part of business protocol(协议), however in the US or UK, it has negative connotations. Where gifts are exchanged? Should one give lavish gifts? Are they always reciprocated? Should they be wrapped? Are there numbers or colors that should be avoided?All the above in one way or another will impact cross cultural negotiation and can only be learnt through cross cultural training. Doing or saying the wrong thing at the wrong time, poor communication and cross cultural misunderstandings can all have harmful consequences.Cross cultural negotiation training builds its foundations upon understanding etiquettes and approaches to business abroad before focusing on cross cultural differences in negotiation styles and techniques. There are three interconnected aspects that need to be considered before entering into cross cultural negotiation.The Basis of the RelationshipIn much of Europe and North America, business is contractual(契约性的) in nature. Personal relationships are seen as unhealthy as they can cloud objectivity and lead to complications. In South America and much of Asia, business is personal. Partnerships will only be made with those they know, trust and feel comfortable with. It is, therefore, necessary to invest in relationship building before conducting business.Information at Negotiations Western business culture places emphasis on clearly presented and rationally argued business proposals using statistics and facts. Other business cultures rely on similar information but with differences. For example, visual and oral communicators such as the South Americans may prefer information presented through speech or using maps, graphs and charts.Negotiation StylesThe way in which we approach negotiation differs across cultures. For example, in the Middle East, rather than approaching topics sequentially, negotiators may discuss issues simultaneously.South Americans can become quite vocal and animated(活跃的). The Japanese will negotiate in teams and decisions will be based upon consensual(一致同意的) agreement. In Asia, decisions are usually made by the most senior figure or head of a family. In China, negotiators are highly trained in the art of gaining concessions. In Germany, decisions can take a long time due to the need to analyze information and statistics in great depth. In the UK, pressure tactics and imposing deadlines are ways of closing deals whilst in Greece this would backfire(造成相反结果).Clearly there are many factors that need to be considered when approaching cultural negotiation. Through cross cultural negotiation training, business personnel are given the appropriate knowledge that can help them prepare their presentations and sales pitches(推销方式) effectively. By tailoring your behavior and the way you approach the negotiation, you will succeed in maximizing your potential.1. By undertaking cross cultural negotiation training, the international negotiators gain an advantage over their rivals.2. If a proposal is financially attractive, it will surely succeed.3. In order to endear yourself more to the host negotiation team in the international business, youd better learn something about cross cultural negotiating strategies.4. In the Japanese culture, prolonged, direct eye contact is a sign of trustworthiness. 5. In the Middle East, business people usually leave a gap of four feet when interacting.6. It is not uncommon for people to address each other by surname or title in China.7. Gift-giving before a business contact is signed is considered appropriate by American business people.8. It is of great significance to _ before conducting business in much of Asia for business is personal there. 9. Western business people often use _ to rationally argue business proposals.10. Decisions are often made by _ in Asia. Part Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, Cand D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage. When dining in restaurants, Americans usually order drinks first, then soup, salad, main course or entree(正餐中的主菜)，and dessert at last. This is somewhat a different order way from that in Europe.Until about the middle of the nineteenth century, Americans didnt have to worry about whether the salad came before or after the main course since they didnt eat salad at all. Chomping(咀嚼) on greens was once considered sissy(女人气的)，and Americans preferred to get their greens indirectly, after they had been processed by rabbits or deer. The shift of public taste toward salad may be attributed to New Yorks Delmonoco brothers, who originally introduced smorgasbord from Europe, and served it in their restaurant. Such novelties became so popular that by the end of the nineteenth century, the Waldorf salad had swept the country.Europeans still chomp on greens after the main course, as a way of clearing the palate(味觉), and being ready for the cheese. Why Americans eat their salad first is uncertain. The following joking suggestions might make sense: the custom may be related to the slimming craze, for “salad first” may fill you up without any worry about fattening; to avoid customers impatience with waiting, the restaurant serves salad first to keep them busy while the main courses are being prepared; eating raw food while one is waiting for the cooked food may be a way of announcing that one is not wasting time, which is seen as a virtue; or, probably unfair to the restaurant, this cus