被动语态新.doc

复习巩固:动词的过去式和过去分词draw blow grow know throw fly buy bring think teach catch begin ring sing sink swim tell sell keep sweep sleep oversleep 被动语态(Passive Voice)语态共有两种：主动语态(active voice) 被动语态(passive voice)We speak English.English is spoken by us.被动语态的基本构成形式：主语 + be + done(过去分词)主变被解题步骤:1. 找宾语 -即动作的承受者2. 判断宾语的单复数 -即be动词的单复数.3. 判断动词的时态 -即be动词的时态.4. 修改谓语的时态 -即原句动词改为过去分词5. 修改原句的主语 -即by+ 主语/ 宾语.They make shoes in that factoryShoes are made by them. in that factory.were1. We speak English. English is spoken by us.2. The nurse take good care of us. We are taken care of by the nurse.3. My parents love me. I am loved by my parents.A.一般现在时的被动语态：amis + p.p. (过去分词)arePresent tense (am/is are + done)1.Li Ming drives the bus through the city.The bus _ _by Li Ming through the city.2.They look after the children well. The children _well_ _by them.3.The policeman stops us at the station. We_ _by the policeman at the station.4. His father tells them a story every day. They _ _a story every day.5.They sell fruit every day. Fruit _ _by_every day.1. He wrote the letter. The letter was written by him.2. They looked after the babies. The babies were looked after by them. B.一般过去时的被动语态：Was + p.p. (过去分词)werePast tense (was/were + done)1.Li Ming drove the bus through the city. The bus _ _by Li Ming through the city.2.They looked after the children well. The children _well_ _by them.3.The policeman stopped us at the station. We_ _by the policeman at the station1. I can write a letter. A letter can be written by me.2. He must forget the past. The past must be forgotten by him.C. 情态动词的被动语态：canmust +be + p.p. (过去分词)mayExercises for Passive Voice1.You must return the books to him at once.The books_ _ _to him at once.2.He can finish the work in two days. The work _ _ _ by_in two days.3.We should clean the machine every day. The machine _ _ _every day.4.They may fix the car in three days. The car_ _ _by _in three days.5.She will buy another bike soon.Another bike _ _by_soon.主动语态变为被动语态的特殊情况1.有些动词在主动结构中，后面接不带to的不定式，但如果改成被动句，则需把省略的to加上，这类动词有：hear, see, watch, notice,make, help, let等。主动语态被动语态使役动词make sb do sthsb be made to do sthlet sb do sthsb be let to do sth感观动词see sb do sthsb be seen to do sthwatch sb do sthsb be watched to do sthhear sb do sthsb be heard to do sthnotice sb do sthsb be noticed to do sth 1) I heard him sing last night. He was heard to sing last night. 2) We saw him walk into the building. He was seen to walk into the building. 3) The boss made them work 10 hours a day. They were made to work 10 hours a day. 4) They watch the children sing that morning. The children were watched to sing that morning.注意当使用see/hear/watch/notice sb doing sth时，变为被动语态时， doing保持不变。如： I saw him going into the shop.(主动) He was seen going into the shop.(被动)使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表1.He saw her work in the office. She _ _ _ _ in the office.2.She watches Ken work hard on the model. Ken _ _ _ _hard on the model.3.We heard him sing in the room. He _ _ _ _ in the room by us.2.主动语态变为被动语态的特殊情况 1) Someone gave the boy an apple. (间接宾语) (直接宾语) An apple was given (to) the boy. The boy was given an apple. 2) His father bought him a present. A present was bought for him. He was bought a present.1. show sth to sb / show sb sth sth is shown to sb. sb is shown sth2. give sth to sb / give sb sth sth is given to sb sb is gvien sth3. bring sth to sb / bring sb sth sth is brought to sb sb is brought sth4. buy sth for sb / buy sb sth sth is bought for sb sb is bought sth5. make sth for sb / make sb sth sth is made for sbDouble Objects1.He gave us some advice. We _ _ some advice. Some advice _ _to us by him.2.She taught us the song. We _ _ the song by _. The song_ _ _ _ by her.3.He showed me his stamps. I _ _ his stamps by him. His stamps _ _ _ _by him.4.He wrote her a letter.She _ _ a letter by him.A letter _ _ _ _by him.5.He bought me a book yesterday, I _ _a book by him yesterday. A book _ _ _ _ by him yesterday.C.“动词+名词+介词” 构成的短语。如： take care of、 pay attention to、make use of等动词短语是不可分割的整体，在变被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的副词或介词。请看下面的例子：They set up the factory in 2000. The factory was set up in 2000.Our school will put off the School Sports meeting until December. The School Sports meeting will be put off until December.People have talked about the accident . The accident has been talked about.You should pay more attention to your study this year. Your study should be paid more attention to this year.带有介词或副词的动词短语，在改为被动语态时，不能把介词或副词拆开。主动形式表被动意义1. The pen writes well. 这钢笔很好写。 These shoes wear well. 这鞋子很好穿。 This kind of cloth washes very well. 这种布料很耐洗。 The car drives well. 这车很好开。主动形式表被动意义2. 某些感官动词也含有被动意义。 如：look, smell, taste, sound The flowers smell very sweet. The fish tastes good. The idea sounds good.3. 某些动词(词组)中，用-ing形式作宾语， 表示被动含义.如need, be worth,require The radio needs repairing/to be repaired. The Great Wall is worth seeing.Revision of Passive Voice(1)1.The workers will build a bridge over the river. A bridge _ _ _over the river.2.You must take care of the children. The children _ _ _ _ _.3.The doctors can save the girl. The girl _ _ _by the doctor.4.They told a lot of people about the news. A lot of people _ _ about the news.5.The scientists have invented some machines. Some machines _ _ _ by the scientists.Revision of Passive Voice(2)6.The cleaner cleans the toilets once a day. The toilets_ _once a day.7.Well sh