09级英语语言学期考试卷A卷.doc

20112012学年第1学期考试试题 （A卷）课程名称 英语语言学概论_ 任课教师签名 陈明芳 程建山出题教师签名 陈明芳 程建山 审题教师签名王婉华 考试方式 （闭）卷 适用专业 09级英语1-7班考试时间 （ 120 ）分钟题号IIIIIIIVV总分得分评卷人I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False. (1*20=20) 1（）In everyday communication, speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed. 2（）English consonants can be classified in terms of place of articulation and the part of the tongue that is raised the highest.3（）Phonology is concerned with how the sounds can be classified into different categories.4（）Distinctive features of sound segments can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments.5（）General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole. 6（）General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other areas, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study. 7（）Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication. 8（）Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaningful sentences.9（）Inflectional morphemes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories such as number, tense, degree, and case.10( ) The existing form to which a derivational affix can be added is called a stem, which can be a bound root, a free morpheme, or a derived form itself.11 ( ) Prefixes usually modify the part of speech of the original word, not the meaning of it.12 ( ) There are rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word. Therefore, words formed according to the morphological rules are acceptable words.13 ( ) Phonetically, the stress of a compound always falls on the first element, while the second element receives secondary stress.14 ( ) Syntax is a subfield of linguistics that studies the sentence structure of language, including the combination of morphemes into words.15 ( ) Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but cannot be found within the variety itself, for example, within British English or American English. 16 ( ) Language use varies from one speech community to another, from one regional group to another, from one social group to another, and even from one individual to another.17 ( ) Every speaker of a language is, in a stricter sense, a speaker of a distinct idiolect.18 ( ) The major difference between a pidgin and a creole is that the former usually has its native speakers while the latter doesnt.19 ( ) Some languages are inferior, or superior, to other languages. 20 ( ) Language acquisition is primarily the acquisition of the vocabulary and the meaning of language. II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given. (1*20=20)1. English consonants can be classified in terms of manner of articulation or in terms of p_ of articulation. 2. When the obstruction created by the speech organs is total or complete, the speech sound produced with the obstruction audibly released and the air passing out again is called a s_. 3. S_ features are the phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. They include stress, tone, intonation, etc. 4. The rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language are called s_ rules. 5. P_ refers to the realization of langue in actual use. 6. Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settlement of some practical problems. The study of such applications is generally known as a_ linguistics.7. Language is p_ in that it makes possible the construction and inter-pretation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have never heard before.8. Linguistics is generally defined as the s_ study of language.9. A s_ is added to the end of stems to modify the meaning of the original word and it may change its part of speech.10. C_ is the combination of two or sometimes more than two words to create new words.11. Morphemes which can be used all by themselves are known as f_ morphemes.12. In terms of morphemic analysis, d_ can be viewed as the addition of affixes to stems to form new words.13. A s_ can be a bound root, a free morpheme, or a derived form itself to which a derivational affix can be added.14. A c_ sentence contains two, or more, clauses, one of which is incorporated into the other.15. In the complex sentence, the incorporated or subordinate clause is normally called an e_ clause.16. Major lexical categories are o_ categories in the sense that new words are constantly added.17. Minor lexical categories are c_ categories in the sense that no new words can be added.18. Whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules called s_ restrictions, which are constraints on what lexical items can go with what others. 19. An a_ is a logical participant in a predication, largely identical with the nominal element(s) in a sentence. 20. According to the n_ theory of meaning, the words in a language are taken to be labels of the objects they stand for.III. There are four choices following each of the statements below. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement. (1*20=20) 1Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be _. A. in phonemic contrast B. in complementary distribution C. the allophones D. minimal pair 2The sound /f/ is _. A. voiced palatal affricate B. voiced alveolar stop C. voiceless velar fricative D. voiceless labiodental fricative3 A _ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highest position. A. back B. central C. front D. middle 4. Distinctive features can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called _. A. phonetic components B. immediate constituents C. suprasegmental features D. semantic features5. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be _. A. prescriptive B. analytic C. descriptive D. linguistic 6.Which of the following is not a design feature of human language? A. Arbitrariness B. Displacement C. Duality D. Meaningfulness 7. Modern linguistics regards the written language as _. A. primary B. correct C. secondary D. stable 8. In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, because _. A. in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing B. speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed. C. speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongue D. All of the above9. The morpheme “vision” in the common word “television” is a(n) _. A. bound morpheme B. bound form C. inflectional morpheme D. free morpheme 10. The compound word “bookstore” is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound _.A. is the sum total of the meaning of its componentsB. can always be worked out by looking at the meanings of morphemesC. is the same as the meaning of a free phrase.D. None of the above.11. The part of speech of the compounds is generally determined by the part of speech of _.A. the first element B. the second elementC. either the first or the second elementD. both the first and the second elements.12. _ are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.A. Free morphemes B. Bound morphemesC. Bound words D. Words13. _ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.A. Syntax B.GrammarC. Morphology D. Morpheme14. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called _. A. transformational rulesB. generative rules C. phrase structure rules D. x-bar theory 15. The theory of case condition accounts for the fact that _. A. noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions. B. noun phrases can be used to modify another noun phrase C. noun phrase can be used in adverbial positions D. noun phrase can be moved to any place if necessary. 16. The sentence structure is _. A. only linear B. Only hierarchical C. complex D. both linear and hierarchical 17. The syntactic rules of any language are _ in number. A. large B. small C. finite D. infinite18. _ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form. A. Polysemy B. Synonymy C. Homonymy D. Hyponymy 19. Words that are close in meaning are called _. A. homonyms B. polysemy C. hyponyms D. synonyms 20. The grammaticality of a sentence is governed by _. A. grammatical rules B. selectional restrictions C. semantic rules D. semantic featuresIV. Define the terms below. (4 *4=16) 1. minimal pair 2. pragmatics3. synonymy 4. second language acquisitionV. Comment on the following topics as comprehensively as possible. (8*3=24)1.( 8) The major differences between grammatical analysis and pragmatics.2. Explain violation of the maxims in the following and the implicature1)( 4) (If one chooses B instead of A, what does he imply?) A: Miss X sang “Home sweet home”. B: Miss X produced a series of sounds that corresponded closely with the score of “Home sweet home”.2)( 4) War is war.3. (8) How do the learner factors potentially influence the way in which a second language is acquired?20112012学年第1学期考试答卷 （A卷）课程名称_ 英语语言学概论_ 出题教师签名：陈明芳 程建山Name_ Class_ Number_ Score_I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False. (1*20=20) 1-5 _ 6-10 _ 11-15_ 16-20_II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given. (1*10=20)1._ 2._ 3._4._5._ 6._ 7._ 8._9._10._ 11._ 12._ 13._14._15._16._17._18._19._20._III. There are four choices following each of the statements below. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement. (2*10=20)1-5_ 6-10 _ 11-15 _ 16-20_IV. Define the terms below. (4*4=16)1.2.3.4.V. Comment on the following topics as comprehensively as possible. (8*3=24)1.2. 1)2)3.20112012学年第1学期考试参考答案 （A卷）课程名称 英语语言学概论_ 出题教师签名：陈明芳 程建山I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False. (1*20=20) 1-5 TFFTT 6-10 FTFTT 11-15 FFTFF 16-20TTFFF II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given. (1*10=20)1-5place, stop, Suprasegmental, sequential, Parole 6-10 applied, productive, scientific/systemic, suffix, compounding 11-15 free, derivation, stem, complex, embedded 16-20 open, close, selectional, argument, naming III. There are four choices following each of the statements below. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement. (1*20=20)1-5 ADCCC 6-10 DCDDD 11-15BBCAA 16-20DCCDAIV. Define the terms below. (4*4=16)1. minimal pair: When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the strings, the two words are said to form a minimal pair. 2. pragmatics: the study of meaning in use in different context.3. synonymy. By synonymy we mean the sameness or similarity in meaning.4. second language acquisition: Second language acquisition (SLA) is a general term which refers to the acquisition of a second language (L2) , in contrast with first language acquisition (FLA). SLA is also used as a general term to refer to the acquisition of a foreign or subsequent language (such as a third or fourth language). Thus, SLA is primarily the study of how learners acquire or learn an additional language after they have acquired their first language (LI). V. Comment on the following topics as comprehensively as possible. (8*3=24)1. (8)The major differences between grammatical analysis and pragmatics lie in four respects: The former studies sentences as units of the abstract linguistic system while the latter studies utterances as instances of the system. The former stops at the sentence level; the latter looks at bigger chunks of conversation.The former regards sentences as stable products; the latter treats utterances as dynamic process-es. The former analyses sentences in isolation; the latter analyses utterances in close connection with their contexts of situation. 2. (1) (4) (If one chooses B instead of A, what does he imply?) A: Miss X sang “Home sweet home”. B: Miss X produced a series of sounds that corresponded closely with the score of “Home sweet home”.The speaker violates the maxim of manner by using such a long sentence to describe the act of Miss X. The implication is “Miss X sings so badly that he can hardly use the word sing to describe her act. (2) (4) The speaker violates the maxim of quantity. It implies “its no use lamenting on wars.Terrible things always happen. Thats its nature.”3. (8) How do the learner factors potentially influence the way in which a second language is acquired? 1) The optimum age for second language acquisition: First language acquisition is most successful when it occurs during the early years of ones life before puberty, but the optimum age for SLA does not always accord with the maxim of the younger the better. The optimum age for SLA is early teenage. This claim is justi-fiable because this is the age when the learner s flexibility of the language acquisition faculty has not been completely lost while ones cognitive skills have developed considerably. 2) Motivation: Motivation in language learning can be defined in terms of the learners overall goal or orientation. Instrumental motivation occurs when the learners goal is functional, and integrative motivation occurs when the learners goal is social. If the target language functions as a foreign language (used in a limited environment such as in school),