英语完成时.doc

现在完成时一用法：1）表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。2）表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for, since,yet等。如：I havent heard from her these days. 3）表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作. We have had four texts this semester. 二构成：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他过去分词构成规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。live-lived-lived , (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied ,(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。stop-stopped-stopped三 时间状语1.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently, still, lately，Just, already, yet, ever, never, before, twice(重复性时间)， for+短时间， since+点时间， so far, how long 提问的疑问句中.如：He has already obtained a scholarship. We have seen that film before.2. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如ever, never, twice, several times等: Have you ever been to Beijing 2.I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. 3. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present(now)等: 如：Peter has written six papers so far. 注：当现在完成时与表示短时间的时间状语连用时，谓语动词必须使用延续性动词。如果谓语动词是非延续性动词则转化为对应的延续性动词。常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系：1、gobe away 2、comebe here 3、come backbe back 4、leavebe away（be not here） 5、buyhave 6、borrowkeep 7、diebe dead 8、beginbe on 9、finishbe over 10、openbe open 11、closebe closed 12、losebe lost 13、get to knowknow 14、turn onbe on 15、get upbe up 16、sit downsit/beseated 17、joinbe in（）或be amember 18、becomebe4. 瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用例如：I havent seen you for a long time.（好久没见到你了。）3. 区别下面三组词Have been to 表示去过某地方，不过现在已经回来Have gone to 表示去了，还未回来Have been in 表示一直在某个地方4 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别1. 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2. 过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now现在完成时的时间状语 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now等练习选择1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _whats happened to him . knew . have known . must know . will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai, has he?. already . never . ever . still3、Have you met Mr. Li _？. just . ago .before .a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5、Our country _ a lot so far .Yes. I hope it will be even _. has changed ; well . changed; good. has changed ; better . changed; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was; studying . will; study. has; studied . are; studying7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see用词的适当形式填空1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week. 2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet.3. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 4. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office.5. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999. 6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here.7. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks. 8. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 9. He _ (go) to school on foot every day. 10._ you _ (find) your science book yet? 句式变换：1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句) I _ _ been to Macau before.2. He hasnt come to school because he was ill. (就划线部分提问) _ _ he come to school?3. I bough a new bike just now. (用just改写) I _ just _ a new bike.4. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句) We _ _English _three years5. He has never surfed, _ _? （改成反意疑问句） 过去完成时态一、构成：had + 动词的过去分词二、用法：1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。 他表示的时间是过去 的过去 常与by last year, by the time of yesterday,等连用。如： She said she had seen the film 4 times.2、表示 从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如: She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago.3、过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如He told me that he had written a new book. 三、时间状语 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如：I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 四、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 ：现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关.过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。试比较： I have learned 1000 English words so far. I had learned 1000 English words till then.五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较： They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 练习：1. 单项选择1He asked me _A_ during the summer holidays.A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What _D_ Jane _ by the time he was sever?A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done3. I _C_ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt4. She _A_lived here for _ years.A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _A_ the dinner already.A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked用动词的适当形式填空1. We _had painted_ (paint) the house before we moved_ (move) in.2. That rich old man _had made_ (make) a will before he died(die).3. They _had studyed_ (study) the map of the country before they _left_ (leave).4. The robbers _had run away_ (run away ) before the policemen arrived (arrive).5. I _ (turn off) all the lights before I _ (go) to bed.句型转换1I had