英语常用词根词缀.doc

常用词根1， acu-, acrThe Latin root acu- or acr- means “sharp”.Acrid, means “having a sharp quality in taste or smell; bitter or burning to the senses.” The acrid smoke hurt our eyes.Acrimony, means “sharpness of speech or temper.”Our quarrel was full of acrimony. Acumen, means “sharpness of mind; intelligence. Johnny has shown great acumen in his schoolwork.2, ag-, act- The Latin root ag- or act- means to do; drive.”Agenda, means “a list of things to be done; a list of things to be discussed or decided upon. There were three items on the agenda for business meeting.Active, means “inclined to action; working; busy; lively.” She leads an active social life.Actor, means “a person who does something,” or a person who acts.” He was an actor in the play.3, am-The Latin am- means “to love.”Amateur, means “ a person who does something for the love of it rather than for money; a person who practices an art, sport, or science for his own pleasure, rather than as a profession.” The painter was a gifted amateur.Amorous, means “tending to fall in love; showing love; in love.” He has a very amorous nature.4, anim- The latin root anim- means “life; mind; soul; spirit.” Animal, means “that which is characterized by life; a living thing.”Both men and dogs are animals. Unanimous, comes from the Latin root un- meaning “one” and the root anima- meaning “mind” plus the latin suffix ous which means “having; being.” Thus, unanimous means “being of one mind; sharing the same views; showing the assent of all concerned.”The committee was unanimous in favoring adjournment.5, annu-, enni- The Latin root Annu-or enni- means year”. Annual, means “of one year; yearly; occurring every year.” In agriculture（农业）and gardening（田园）, it means lasting only one year,” and is applied to a plant living only one year or growing season and not blooming again. Beans（大豆）and corn（玉米）are annuals; you have to plant a new crop every year. Perennial, means “continuing or lasting through the year,” but its use has expanded to mean “lasting through the years; everlasting.” I am tired of your perennial nagging.6, anthrop-, anthropo- The greek root anthrop- or anthropo means “man;human.” Anthropology, means “the science or study of man”; that is “the science dealing with the physical, social, and cultural development of man.” In college John majored in anthropology and sociology. 7, archeo-, archi-, -arch, -archy The Greek root arche- or archeo- means “ancient.”Archeology, comes from archeo- meaning “ancient” and the greek suffix ology, which means “the science or study of.” Thus, archeology is “the study of history from the remains of ancient human cultures.”The second Greek root, arch-, or archi-, means “ chief; principal”Archangel, means “a chief or principal angel.”Archbishop, means “ the chief bishop of province.” The bishop was elevated to archbishop.Archenemy, means “a chief enemy.” 8, aud-, audit- The Latin root aud- or audit- means “ to hear” Audible, means “capable of being heard; loud enough to be heard.”The teachers voice was barely audible.Audience, means “the people assembled to hear something.”The audience applauded the musicians.9, aut-, auto- The Greek root aut- or auto- means “self” Autocrat comes from the Greek roots auto- meaning “self” and crat meaning “rule; power.”An autocrat is “ a ruler with unrestricted power”;Grandfather was quite an autocrat at the dinner table. Automobile, means “self-moving vehicle.” 10, bene-, The Latin root bene- means well; good” Benefactor is a person who does good; a backer.Mr.Smith, the banker, is a benefactor of the museum.11,bio- TheGreekrootbio-means“life”. Biochemistry（生物化学）,biography（传记）,biology（生物学） 12，cad-,cid-,cas- TheseLatinrootsmeans“tofall;befall;happenbychance” Accident（事故）,casual（偶然）,incident（事件）,occasion（场合） 13,cap-,capt-,cip-,cept-,ceiv- TheseLatinrootsmeans“totake;seize” Capture（抓住）,deceive（欺骗）,receive（收到）,except（除外） 14，ced-,cede-,ceed-,cess TheseLatinrootsmeans“togo;yield” Concede（让步）,exceed（超越）,precede（进步）,process（过程）,recede（倒退） 15，cent- TheLatinrootcent-means“onehundred.” Century（世纪）,percent（百分之）,centipede（蜈蚣）,centenary（一百年） 16,cern-,cret- TheLatinrootsmeans“toseparate;distinguish” Concern,comesfromtheLatinprefixcon-meaning“thoroughly”andcern-meaning“tosee,;distinguish.”Thus,concernliterallymeans“toseethoroughlyinthemind.”Inpractice,itmaymean“toinvolveoneself”or“torelatetooraffect.”Itmayalsomeaninterestorworryorabusinessenterprise（企业）orfirm.”Discern（认出）,ismadeupofLatinprefixdis-meaningapart”andcern-meaning“toseparate.”Thus,discernmeans“torecognizeasseparateorapartfromeverythingelse;toperceive(察觉).” SecretisformedfromtheLatinprefixse-meaning“apart”andcret-meaning“toseparate.”Thus,asecretis“somethingseparatedorkeptapartfromothers,somethingkepthidden;somethingnottoldornottoberevealed.”Secretalsomeansconcealed;hidden.” 17,clam-,claim- TheLatinrootclam-orclaim-means“tocryout;shout.” Declaim(慷慨陈词),Exclaim(大叫),proclaim(宣布) 18,clud-,clus-,clos- TheLatintootclud-,clus-,orclos-means“toshut;close.”learnthesixcorevocabularywordsbasedonthisroot:conclude,disclose,enclose(附上),exclude(排除),include,preclude(排除 ). 19,cord- TheLatinrootcord-means“heart.”Learnthefollowingthreeimportantcore(核心)vocabularywordsthatarebasedoncord(绳子):cordial(诚恳),accord(协议),record(记录). 20,corpor-,corp- TheLatinrootcorpor-orcorp-means“body;flesh.” Corpulent(肥胖)comefromcorp-meaning“body;flesh”andtheLatinsuffix-ulentmeaning“aboundingin;fullof.”Thus,corpulentmeans“fat;fleshy.” Corpuscle(血球),incorporate(合并) 21, cre-, cresc-, cret- The Latin toot cre-, cresc-, or cret- means “to grow.” Crescent(新月型）, increase（提高）, concrete（具体的实在的）22, cred- The Latin root cred- means “to believe; trust.”Credit（信用）, accredit（信任）, credentials（证书）, discredit（无信）；23, cumb-, cub- The Latin root cumb- or cub- means “ to lie down” Cubicle（小卧室）, incubate（孵卵）, incumbent（职责所在）, succumb（屈服）24, dict- The Latin root dict- means “to say or speak.” Contradict（抵触）,dictate（口述）, diction（措辞）, predict（预言）25, doc-, doct- The Latin root doc- or doct- means “to teach” docile（听话的）, doctor（医生）, doctrine（教条）, document（公文）,26, duc-, duct- The Latin root duc- or duct- means “to lead.” Conduct（行为）, introduce（介绍）, produce（提供）, reduce（减少）,27, eque-The Latin root eque- means “equal; even.”Adequate（适当的）, equilibrium（平衡）, equivocal（不明确的）, 28, fact-, fic-, fact-, fect-The Latin root fact-, fict-, fact-, fect- means “to do; make.”29, fer- The Latin root fer- means “to carry, bring.” Confer（商议）, differ（不一致）, offer（出价）, transfer（传送）, defer（推迟）, refer（提交）30, firm-The Latin root firm- means “firm;strong.”Affirm（断言）, confirm（确定）, infirm（弱的） 31, flect-, flex-The Latin root felct-or flex- means “to bend.”Deflect（偏斜，偏离）, flexible（易弯曲的, 可以弯曲的），reflect（反射，反映）32, flu-, flux-The Latin root flu- or flux- means “to flow”Affluent富裕的, fluency流利,流畅, influence影响,作用, effluence污水.废水, influx流入.涌入33, frang-, fring-, fract- frag- The Latin root frang-, fring-, fract-, frag- means “to break.”Fraction小部分.少量, fragile易碎的.易破的, fragment碎片.片段, infringe违背.侵犯34, fus-, fund-, found-The Latin root fus-, fund-, found- means “to melt; to pour.”Confuse使迷惑.混淆, foundry铸造厂, fusion融合，结合, refund退款, diffuse扩散的，漫散的, profuse大量的 众多的, suffuse布满 充满, transfuse输入35, gam- The Greek root gam- means “marriage” Bigamy 重婚罪, monogamy,一夫一妻制 单配偶 polygamy一夫多妻制36, gen-, genit- The Greek and Latin root gen- or genit- means “to produce; give birth to; beget.”Genesis创始开端, genius天才天赋, genial友好的亲切的, genuine真的 名副其实的, genital生殖的 生殖器的, progenitor祖先 创始人37, geo- The Greek root geo- means “earth.” Geography地理, geology地质学, geometry几何学, geochemistry地球化学, geophysics地球物理学, geopolitics地缘政治学38, ger- gest-The Latin root ger- or gest means “to carry; carry on; produce.”Belligerent好战的;好斗的, digest消化, gestate怀孕 构思, congest,充满拥挤 gesticulate用手势表达 作手势, ingest咽下，吸收 gesture手势, 39, grad-, gress-The Latin root grad- or gress means “a step” or “to step or go”Aggression侵略, gradual逐渐的 平缓的, graduate毕业, progress进步, digress走岔道 脱离主题, regress退回 逆行 回归, transgress,违反违背 40, grat-The Latin root grat- means “pleasing”Congratulate庆祝, grateful感激的, gratify,使高兴 使满意 gratitude感激之情 感恩 , gratuity.赏钱，小费41, grav-The Latin root grav- means “heavy”Aggravate（加剧；恶化）, gravity（庄重；严肃） 42, her-, hes-The Latin root her- or hes- means “to stick(粘住, 粘贴).”Adhere(粘附, 胶着, 坚持), cohere(粘着, 凝结, 紧凑), inhere(存在), incoherent(不连贯的, 语无伦次的),43, jac-, ject- The Latin root jac- or ject- means “to throw, lie, or be thrown down.”Adjacent, comes from the Latin prefix ad- meaning “near” and jac- meaning “to be thrown down” plus the Latin suffix ent which is the same as our English ending ing. Adjacent therefore means “thrown down, or lying, next to or near something else; situated or located next to or near one another; adjoining.”inject(注射, 注入), project(计划, 方案, 事业, 企业, 工程), abject(卑鄙的, 可怜的), ejaculate(射出), object(反对, 拒绝, 抗议), eject(逐出, 撵出, 驱逐, 喷射), reject(拒绝, 抵制, 否决), dejection(沮丧, 粪便), subject(题目, 主题, 科目, 学科)44, junct-, join-, joint- This root means “ to join.” Adjoin(邻接, 毗连), conjunction(联合, 关联, 连接词), injunction(命令, 指令, 律禁令), junction(连接, 接合, 交叉点, 汇合处), enjoin(吩咐, 命令, 嘱咐), juncture(n.接合点), subjunctive(n.虚拟语气)45, Leg-, lig-, lect- This Latin root means “ to choose” or “to reda.”Collect(收集, 聚集, 集中, 搜集), elect(选举, 推选,) eligible(符合条件的, 合格的), lecture(演讲, 讲稿), legible(清晰的, 易读的), select(选择, 挑选), lecturn, legend(传说, 伟人传, 图例), intelligent(聪明的, 伶俐的), selectivity(选择性)46, loqu-, locut- This Latin root means “to speak”.Colloquial(口语的, 通俗的), eloquent( 有口才的, 动人的), elocution(雄辩术, 演说法), interlocutor(对话者, 对谈者), colloquy(谈话, 会话), loquacious(多话的, 饶舌的), circumlocution(婉转曲折的陈述), 47, mit-, miss- This Latin root means “to send; let go.” Admit(容许, 承认, 接纳), commit(犯(错误), 干(坏事),), dismiss(解散, 下课, 开除), emit(发出, 放射, 吐露), missile(导弹, 发射物), omit(省略, 疏忽, 遗漏), permit(许可, 允许, 准许), transmit(传输, 转送, 传达), intermittent(adj.间歇的, 断断续续的), emissary(n.使者), remission(n.免除), remit(vt.宽恕, 免除, 推迟, 传送, 使复职vi.缓和, 汇款n.移交的事物), remiss(adj.玩忽职守的), intermission(n.间断), missionary(adj.传教的, 传教士的n.传教士),48, mon-, mont-, This Latin root means “to warn; advise.” Admonish(vt.劝告, 训诫, 警告), monument(n.纪念碑), monitor(n.班长, 监控器v.监控) premonition(n.前兆)49, mov-, mot- This Latin root means “to move.” Emotion(情绪, 情感, 感情), promote(vt.促进, 发扬, 提升, 提拔), remote(adj.遥远的, 偏僻的, 细微的), remove(vt.移动, 开除, 移交), commotion(n.骚动, 暴乱), mobile(adj.可移动的, 易变的, 机动的), motivation(n.动机), demote(vt.使降级,使降职), mobilize(v.动员), motor(n.发动机,电动机) 50, nasc-, nat- This Latin root means “to be born” Nascent(adj.初生的), nation(n.国家,民族), native(adj.本国的,本地的,天赋的,土著的), prenatal(adj.出生以前的).51, pel-, pell-, puls- This Latin root means “to drive; push.” Compel（强迫；迫使）, impel（推进；激励；驱使）, repel（击退）, dispel（驱散；消除）, expulsion（驱逐；开除）, pulsation（振动）, expel（开除；排除）, pulse（脉搏）52, pend-, pens-This Latin root means “ to hang, weigh, or pay”Depend（取决于，决定于）, dispense（分配；施与；配药）, expend（花费，用光）, suspend（暂停；停职；悬挂；悬浮），append（附加，增补）, compensate（赔偿；弥补；抵消）, pendant（悬饰，垂饰）, appendage（附属物；肢）, pending（直到.；等待.期间；未定的；将发生的）, appendix（阑尾；附录）, 53, pet-, petit-,This Latin root means “to go; seek; strive”Appetite（胃口，食欲）, compete（竞争；争夺）, competent（胜任的；表现出能力的；有法定权利的）, petition（请愿（书）；诉状；祈祷；请求）, repetition（重复（发生）；重复的事）54, ple-, plet-,This Latin root means “to fill.”Complete（完整的；完成了的；彻底的；齐备的）, deplete（大大减少；使空虚，使枯竭）, implement（工具；实施）, replete（饱足的；塞满的）, 55, plic-, plicit-, plex, ply-The Latin root means “to fold, twist; bend; tangle; connect.”Complex（费解的；结构复杂的；复合的；综合体；情结）, complexion（气色；肤色；性质）, complicate（复杂的；费解的；棘手的；结构复杂的）, explicit清楚明确的；详尽的）, implicate（涉及，表明某人与某事有牵连）, implicit暗示的；绝对的）, imply（暗示；使必然产生）, duplicity（虚伪性，欺骗性）, replica（艺术复制品）, dupex（半独立式房屋；复式住宅）, multiply（使相乘；使大大增加；繁殖）, reply（回答，答复）, duplicate（重复的；复制；复印；比得上）, ply（股；层片；候客；定期来回往返；从事，经营）, supplication（祈求，恳求）56, pond-, posit-, pound-, pose-The Latin root means “to put; to place.”Component(成分；组成部分；零部件）, compose（创作；使镇定；调解；排版；由.构成）, composite（拼合成的；复合的；合成物）, compound（化合物；复合词；混合的；复合的）, depose（罢免；宣誓作证）, deposit（安置；使沉淀；储蓄；付押金；矿床；存款；订金；押金）, dispose（布置，排列，整理，安排）, expose（暴露；揭露；使曝光；弃于户外使冻饿而死）, expound（阐述，解释）, impose（征税；强迫接受；占便宜；打扰）, oppose（反对）, postpone（使延期）, propose（提议；计划；向.求婚）, 57, port-This Latin root means “to carry.”Deport（驱逐出境；发布驱逐令；行为举动）, export（输出，出口;（pl.)出口货), import(进口，输入；进口商品；进口业；含义；重要性）, portable(手提的，可移动的）, disport（自娱，嬉戏）, report（报告；传闻；成绩单；枪声；记述；报道新闻；举报；向.报到）, transport（运输；交通系统；军用运输船；满心欢喜流放；使激动）, support（支撑；供养；资助；支付.的费用；鼓励；支持；承受；支撑物；生计）58, quir-, quisit-, quest-The Latin root means “to seek or ask.”Acquire(取得，获得）, inquire（询问）, require（需要；要求；命令）, conquest（攻克；征服；占领地；感情上的被征服者）, exquisite（优雅的；制作精良的；敏感的；细致的；极度的）, perquisite津贴，补贴）, request（要求；被请求；所请求的事物）, 59, rupt-,This Latin root means “to break; burst.”Corrupt（贪污受贿的；有伤风化的；使腐败；破坏本来面目），disrupt（使混乱；扰乱）, erupt（火山爆发；喷出岩浆；出疹；开始长牙）, interrupt（打断；中断）, rupture（突然破裂；爆裂；使发疝气）, 60, scrib-, script-This Latin root means “to write.”Describe（叙述；描述；形容；画出图形）, inscribe（刻写，题写）, prescribe（开处方；指定遵守某事）, proscribe（禁止；使失去法律保护）, subscribe（赞助；赠款；订阅；签名）, transcribe, ascribe（把.归于）, circumscribe（限制，约束；在.周围画线）, conscript（正某人入伍；应征入伍者）, manuscript（底稿；手抄本）, scribble（乱涂，瞎写；乱涂的东西；难看的笔迹）, scripture（圣经；经文）, scrip（代金卷）61, sed-, sid-, sess- This Latin root means “to sit; settle” Preside（负责；指挥）, reside（居住）, sediment（沉淀物；渣）, session(会议，开庭), dissident（持不同政见者）, residue（残余，渣滓，滤渣，剩余物）, sedate（安静的，稳重的。给.服镇静剂）, subside（下沉，沉淀，平息，减退，衰减）, subsidiary（辅助的，补充的）, subsidy （补助金，津贴）62, spec-, spic-, spect- This Latin root means “to look,; look at.”Conspicuous（显著的）, expect（期待，预期，盼望，指望）, inspect（检查，视察）, respect（尊敬，敬重，注意，考虑，关系）, spectacle（观览物，公开展示，奇观，景象）, auspicious（吉兆的，幸运的）, perspicuity（明白）, speculate（推测，思索，做投机买卖）, despicable（可鄙的，卑劣的）, suspect（嫌疑犯。令人怀疑的，不可信的。怀疑，猜测，对.有所觉察）, spectator（观众）, perspective（透视画法，透视图，远景，前途，观点，观察）63, tang-, ting-, tact-, contact（接触，联系）, contingent（可能发生的，附随的，暂时的）, intact（完整无缺的，尚未被人碰过的）, tact（机智，手法，老练，操作性回答）, tangent（接触的，相切的，离题的。切线，正切）, tangible（切实的）64, ten-, tin-, tent-, tain-, The Latin root means “to hold.” Contain（包含，容纳，容忍，自制）, continent（大陆，陆地）, detain（拘留，留住，阻止）, lieutenant（陆军中尉，海军上尉，副职官员）, pertain（适合，属于）, pertinacious（固执的）, retain（保持，保留）, tenacious（顽强的）, abstain（禁绝，放弃）, entertain（娱乐，招待，接受，怀抱。款待）, sustenance（食物，生计，支持）, maintain（维持，维修，继续，供养，主张）, obtain（获得，得到）, sustain（支撑，撑住，维持，持续）, tenant（承租人，房客。出租）, 65, tract- This Latin root means “to drag;draw; pull.” Attract（吸引，有吸引力，引起注意）, contract（合同，契约，婚约。使缩减，感染，订约）, detract（转移）, distract（转移）, extract（拔出，榨取，开方，摘录，吸取）, protract（延长）, retract（缩回，缩进，收回，取消）, subtract（减去）, tract（土地，广阔的地面，地方，小册子）, tractor（拖拉机）, traction（牵引）66, ven-, vent- This Latin root means “to move toward; come.”Adventure（冒险，冒险的经历）, circumvent（围绕，包围，智取）, convene（召集，集合）, convenient（便利的，方便的）, event（事件，结果，精力，竞赛）, invent（发明，创造）, prevent（预防，防止）, intervene（干涉，干预，介入）, venture（冒险，投机，风险）, advent（尤指不寻常的人或事）出现，到来）, venturesome（冒险的，危险的）67, vert-, vers- This Latin root means “to turn.” Avert（转移）, convert（皈依者，使转变）, divert（转移，转向，使高兴）, reverse（背面，反面，颠倒）, subversive（颠覆性的，破坏性的，危险分子）, controversy（论争，辩论）, irreversible（不能撤回的，不能取消的）, traverse（横木，障碍，否认，反驳）68, vid-, vis- This Latin root means “to see.” Evident（明显的，显然的）, provide（供给，准备，预防，规定）, television（电视机，电视学，电视广播事业）, video（电视，录象，视频）, vision（视觉，眼力，想象力，幻想）, advise（劝告，忠告，警告，建议）, proviso（限制性条款，附文，附带条件）, visage（面貌，容貌）, visit（拜访，参观）, visitation（访问，探望，正式的视察，天降的祸福）69, voc-, vok-, This Latin root means “voice” or “to call.” Advocate（提倡者，鼓吹）, evoke（唤起，引起，博得）, invoke（调用）, provoke（激怒，挑拨，煽动，惹起，驱使）, vocabulary（词汇，词汇量，词表）, vocation（召唤，号召，天职，才能，职业）, vocal（有声的，歌唱的，元音）, vocalize（成为有声）, vociferate（大声叫，大叫，喊叫）, 70, volv-, volut- This Latin root means “to roll.” Evolve(使发展，使进化), involve（包括，笼罩，潜心于，使陷于）, revolve（使旋转，考虑，循环出现）, revolt（反抗，起义，反叛，反感，厌恶）英语常用前缀1， ab-,abs-This Latin prefix means “off; away; from.”Abduct comes from ab- meaning “away” and the root duct meaning “to lead.” Thus, abduct means “to lead or carry away wrongfully; to kidnap.”Abhor（厌恶；憎恶）, abnormal（不正常的）, abort（使流产；坠胎）, absent（缺席）, absolve（解除；赦免）, abstain（戒绝；放弃）, abuse（虐待；凌污）2, ad- The Latin prefix ad- means “to; toward; near; at.” Adapt comes from ad- meaning “to” and the Latin root apt- meaning “to fit.”Thus, adapt means “to fit for a new use; adjust.” Adjacent, admire3, ambi- It means “both; on both sides;around.” Ambidextrous, ambiguous, ambitious,4, ante-, anti- This Latin prefix ante- means “before”or ;infront of.”antebellum, antecede, antechamber, antedate, anteroom The Greek prefix anti- means against,; apposed to.”Antiaircraft, antidote, antipathy5, bi- The Latin prefix bi- means “twice; doubly; occurring twiceor having two.” Biannual, bicameral, bicycle, bigamy, bilateral, bilingual, binoculars6, circum- The prefix circum- means “around; on all sides.” Circumambulate, circumlocution, circumnavigate, circumflex, circumscribe, circumvent7, com-and its disguises The prefix com- means “with; together; thoroughly.” Combat, compatriot,concedecombine, commerce, commit8, contra-, counter- It means “against; opposite; contrary;apposing.”9, de-The prefix de- means (1) away; off;(2) down; a lessening;(3) completely; (4) undoing or reversal of an action. Debar, debark, d