思科网络技术培训之8：TCP-IP协议.ppt

Chapter8 InterconnectingNetworkswithTCP IP Uponcompletionofthischapteryouwillbeabletoperformthefollowingtasks IdentifytheIPprotocolstack itsprotocollayerfunctions andcommonlyusedIPprotocolsIdentifyIPaddressclasses IPaddresses IPsubnetmasks IPnetworknumbers subnetnumbers andpossiblehostnumbers ConfigureIPaddressesandsubnetmasksonarouterinterfaceandoptionallyconfigureahosttable InterconnecttheVLANswithalayerthreedevicesuchasarouteronastick Objectives EarlyprotocolsuiteUniversal IntroductiontoTCP IP Host Internet TCP IP Host TCP IPProtocolStack Application Presentation Session Transport Network DataLink Physical Application Transport Internet DataLink Physical IOS TCP IP ApplicationLayerOverview Usedbytherouter Application Transport Internet DataLink Physical FileTransfer TFTP FTP NFSE Mail SMTPRemoteLogin Telnet rlogin NetworkManagement SNMP NameManagement DNS TransportLayerOverview TransmissionControlProtocol TCP UserDatagramProtocol UDP Application Transport Internet DataLink Physical Connection OrientedConnectionless TCPSegmentFormat Sourceport 16 Destinationport 16 Sequencenumber 32 Headerlength 4 Acknowledgementnumber 32 Reserved 6 Codebits 6 Window 16 Checksum 16 Urgent 16 Options 0or32ifany Data varies 20Bytes Bit0 Bit15 Bit16 Bit31 PortNumbers TCP PortNumbers FTP TransportLayer TELNET DNS SNMP TFTP SMTP UDP ApplicationLayer 21 23 25 53 69 161 RIP 520 TCPPortNumbers SourcePort Dest Port HostA 1028 23 SP DP HostZ TelnetZ Dest port 23 SendpackettomyTelnetapplication SendSYN seq 100ctl SYN SYNreceived SendSYN ACK seq 300ack 101ctl syn ack Established seq 101ack 301ctl ack HostA HostB SYNreceived TCPThreeWayHandshake OpenConnection TCPSimpleAcknowledgment Windowsize 1 Sender Receiver Send1 Receive1 ReceiveACK2 SendACK2 Send2 Receive2 ReceiveACK3 SendACK3 Send3 Receive3 Windowsize 1 Sender Receiver Send1 Receive1 ReceiveACK2 SendACK2 Send2 Receive2 ReceiveACK3 SendACK3 Send3 Receive3 ReceiveACK4 SendACK4 TCPSimpleAcknowledgment TCPSequenceandAcknowledgmentNumbers SourcePort Dest Port Sequence Acknowledgement 1028 23 Source Dest 11 Seq 2 Ack 1028 23 Source Dest 10 Seq 1 Ack 1028 23 Source Dest 11 Seq 1 Ack 1028 23 Source Dest 12 Seq 2 Ack Ijustgot 11 nowIneed 12 Ijustsent 11 Windowsize 3Send2 TCPWindowing Sender Windowsize 3Send1 Windowsize 3Send3 ACK3Windowsize 2 Packet3isDropped Windowsize 3Send4 Windowsize 3Send3 ACK5Windowsize 2 Receiver Nosequenceoracknowledgmentfields UDPSegmentFormat Sourceport 16 Destinationport 16 Length 16 Data ifany 1 Bit0 Bit15 Bit16 Bit31 Checksum 16 8Bytes InternetLayerOverview OSInetworklayercorrespondstotheTCP IPinternetlayer InternetProtocol IP InternetControlMessageProtocol ICMP AddressResolutionProtocol ARP ReverseAddressResolutionProtocol RARP Application Transport Internet DataLink Physical IPDatagram Version 4 DestinationIPAddress 32 Options 0or32ifany Data variesifany 1 Bit0 Bit15 Bit16 Bit31 HeaderLength 4 Priority TypeofService 8 TotalLength 16 Identification 16 Flags 3 Fragmentoffset 13 Timetolive 8 Protocol 8 Headerchecksum 16 SourceIPAddress 32 20Bytes Determinesdestinationupper layerprotocol ProtocolField TransportLayer InternetLayer TCP UDP ProtocolNumbers IP 17 6 InternetControlMessageProtocol Application Transport Internet DataLink Physical DestinationUnreachableEcho Ping Other ICMP 1 Protocolfld 1 AddressResolutionProtocol MapIPEthernetLocalARP 172 16 3 1 IP 172 16 3 2Ethernet 0800 0020 1111 172 16 3 2 IP 172 16 3 2 ReverseARP MapEthernetIP Ethernet 0800 0020 1111IP 172 16 3 25 Ethernet 0800 0020 1111IP WhatismyIPaddress Iheardthatbroadcast YourIPaddressis172 16 3 25 UniqueaddressingallowscommunicationbetweenendstationsPathchoiceisbasedonlocationLocationisrepresentedbyanaddress IntroductiontoTCP IPAddresses 172 18 0 2 172 18 0 1 172 17 0 2 172 17 0 1 172 16 0 2 172 16 0 1 SA DA HDR DATA 10 13 0 0 192 168 1 0 10 13 0 1 192 168 1 1 IPAddressing 255 255 255 255 DottedDecimal Maximum Network Host 1286432168421 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 10101100 00010000 01111010 11001100 Binary 32bits 172 16 122 204 ExampleDecimal ExampleBinary 1 8 9 16 17 24 25 32 1286432168421 1286432168421 1286432168421 ClassA ClassB ClassC ClassD MulticastClassE Research IPAddressClasses 8bits 8bits 8bits 8bits IPAddressClasses 1 ClassA Bits 0NNNNNNN Host Host Host 8 9 16 17 24 25 32 Range 1 126 1 ClassB Bits 10NNNNNN Network Host Host 8 9 16 17 24 25 32 Range 128 191 1 ClassC Bits 110NNNNN Network Network Host 8 9 16 17 24 25 32 Range 192 223 1 ClassD Bits 1110MMMM MulticastGroup MulticastGroup MulticastGroup 8 9 16 17 24 25 32 Range 224 239 HostAddresses 172 16 2 1 172 16 3 10 172 16 12 12 10 1 1 1 10 250 8 11 10 180 30 118 E1 172 16 12 12 Network Host Network Interface 172 16 0 010 0 0 0 E0E1 RoutingTable 172 16 2 1 10 6 24 2 E0 11111111 DeterminingAvailableHostAddresses 1721600 10101100 00010000 00000000 00000000 161514131211109 87654321 Network Host 00000000 00000001 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111110 00000000 00000011 11111101 1 2 3 65534 65535 65536 2 65534 N 2N 2 216 2 65534 IPAddressClassesExerciseAnswers Address Class Network Host 10 2 1 1 128 63 2 100 201 222 5 64 192 6 141 2 130 113 64 16 256 241 201 10 A B C C B Nonexistent 10 0 0 0 128 63 0 0 201 222 5 0 192 6 141 0 130 113 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 2 100 0 0 0 64 0 0 0 2 0 0 64 16 Network172 16 0 0 172 16 0 0 AddressingwithoutSubnets 172 16 0 1 172 16 0 2 172 16 0 3 172 16 255 253 172 16 255 254 Network172 16 0 0 AddressingwithSubnets 172 16 1 0 172 16 2 0 172 16 3 0 172 16 4 0 SubnetAddressing 172 16 2 200 172 16 2 2 172 16 2 160 172 16 2 1 172 16 3 5 172 16 3 100 172 16 3 150 E0 172 16 Network Network Interface 172 16 0 0172 16 0 0 E0E1 NewRoutingTable 2 160 Host 172 16 3 1 E1 SubnetAddressing 172 16 2 200 172 16 2 2 172 16 2 160 172 16 2 1 172 16 3 5 172 16 3 100 172 16 3 150 172 16 3 1 E0 E1 172 16 2 160 Network Host Network Interface 172 16 2 0172 16 3 0 E0E1 NewRoutingTable Subnet SubnetMask 255 255 0 0 IPAddress DefaultSubnetMask 8 bitSubnetMask Network Host Network Host Network Subnet Host Alsowrittenas 16 where16representsthenumberof1sinthemask Alsowrittenas 24 where24representsthenumberof1sinthemask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 DecimalEquivalentsofBitPatterns 10000000 12811000000 19211100000 22411110000 24011111000 24811111100 25211111110 25411111111 255 1286432168421 16 Network Host 172 0 0 10101100 11111111 10101100 00010000 11111111 00010000 00000000 00000000 10100000 00000000 00000000 Subnetsnotinuse thedefault 00000010 SubnetMaskwithoutSubnets 172 16 2 160 255 255 0 0 NetworkNumber Networknumberextendedbyeightbits SubnetMaskwithSubnets 16 Network Host 172 16 2 160 255 255 255 0 172 2 0 10101100 11111111 10101100 00010000 11111111 00010000 11111111 00000010 10100000 00000000 00000000 00000010 Subnet NetworkNumber 128192224240248252254255 SubnetMaskwithSubnets cont Network Host 172 16 2 160 255 255 255 192 10101100 11111111 10101100 00010000 11111111 00010000 11111111 00000010 10100000 11000000 10000000 00000010 Subnet Networknumberextendedbytenbits 16 172 2 128 NetworkNumber 128192224240248252254255 128192224240248252254255 SubnetMaskExerciseAnswers Address SubnetMask Class Subnet 172 16 2 10 10 6 24 20 10 30 36 12 255 255 255 0 255 255 240 0 255 255 255 0 B A A 172 16 2 0 10 6 16 0 10 30 36 0 BroadcastAddresses 172 16 1 0 172 16 2 0 172 16 3 0 172 16 4 0 172 16 3 255 Directedbroadcast 255 255 255 255 Localnetworkbroadcast X 172 16 255 255 Allsubnetsbroadcast AddressingSummaryExample 16 172 2 160 10101100 00010000 10100000 00000010 Host Mask Subnet Broadcast Last First 172 16 2 160 255 255 255 192 4 1 AddressingSummaryExample 10101100 11111111 00010000 11111111 11111111 10100000 11000000 00000010 Host Mask Subnet Broadcast Last First 172 16 2 160 255 255 255 192 1 2 16 172 2 160 AddressingSummaryExample 10101100 11111111 00010000 11111111 11111111 10100000 11000000 00000010 Host Mask Subnet Broadcast Last First 172 16 2 160 255 255 255 192 1 2 3 7 16 172 2 160 AddressingSummaryExample 10101100 11111111 00010000 11111111 11111111 10100000 11000000 10000000 00000010 Host Mask Subnet Broadcast Last First 172 16 2 160 255 255 255 192 1 2 3 4 16 172 2 160 AddressingSummaryExample 10101100 11111111 00010000 11111111 11111111 10100000 11000000 10000000 00000010 10111111 Host Mask Subnet Broadcast Last First 172 16 2 160 255 255 255 192 1 2 3 4 5 6 16 172 2 160 AddressingSummaryExample 10101100 11111111 00010000 11111111 11111111 10100000 11000000 10000000 00000010 10111111 10000001 Host Mask Subnet Broadcast Last First 172 16 2 160 255 255 255 192 1 2 3 4 5 6 16 172 2 160 AddressingSummaryExample 10101100 11111111 00010000 11111111 11111111 10100000 11000000 10000000 00000010 10111111 10000001 10111110 Host Mask Subnet Broadcast Last First 172 16 2 160 255 255 255 192 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 16 172 2 160 AddressingSummaryExample 10101100 11111111 10101100 00010000 11111111 00010000 11111111 00000010 10100000 11000000 10000000 00000010 10101100 00010000 00000010 10111111 10101100 00010000 00000010 10000001 10101100 00010000 00000010 10111110 Host Mask Subnet Broadcast Last First 172 16 2 160 255 255 255 192 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 16 172 2 160 AddressingSummaryExample 10101100 11111111 10101100 00010000 11111111 00010000 11111111 00000010 10100000 11000000 10000000 00000010 10101100 00010000 00000010 10111111 10101100 00010000 00000010 10000001 10101100 00010000 00000010 10111110 Host Mask Subnet Broadcast Last First 172 16 2 160 255 255 255 192 172 16 2 128 172 16 2 191 172 16 2 129 172 16 2 190 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 16 172 2 160 IPHostAddress 172 16 2 121SubnetMask 255 255 255 0 SubnetAddress 172 16 2 0HostAddresses 172 16 2 1 172 16 2 254BroadcastAddress 172 16 2 255Eightbitsofsubnetting Network Subnet Host 10101100 00010000 00000010 11111111 172 16 2 121 255 255 255 0 10101100 11111111 Subnet 10101100 00010000 00010000 11111111 00000010 00000010 11111111 01111001 00000000 00000000 ClassBSubnetExample Broadcast Network SubnetPlanning Othersubnets 192 168 5 16 192 168 5 32 192 168 5 48 20subnets5hostspersubnetClassCaddress 192 168 5 0 11111000 IPHostAddress 192 168 5 121SubnetMask 255 255 255 248 Network Subnet Host 192 168 5 121 11000000 11111111 Subnet 11000000 10101000 10101000 11111111 00000101 00000101 11111111 01111001 01111000 255 255 255 248 ClassCSubnetPlanningExample SubnetAddress 192 168 5 120HostAddresses 192 168 5 121 192 168 5 126BroadcastAddress 192 168 5 127FiveBitsofSubnetting Broadcast Network Network 11000000 10101000 00000101 01111111 BroadcastAddressesExerciseAnswers 153 50 6 127 Address Class Subnet Broadcast 201 222 10 60 255 255 255 248 C 201 222 10 63 201 222 10 56 SubnetMask 15 16 193 6 255 255 248 0 A 15 16 199 255 15 16 192 0 128 16 32 13 255 255 255 252 B 128 16 32 15 128 16 32 12 153 50 6 27 255 255 255 128 B 153 50 6 0 SwitchIPAddressConfiguration AssignsanaddressandsubnetmaskStartsIPprocessingonaswitch Switch config ipaddressip addresssubnet mask Switch config ipdefault gatewayip address Specifiesadefaultgateway RouterIPAddressConfiguration AssignsanaddressandsubnetmaskStartsIPprocessingonarouterinterface Router config if ipaddressip addresssubnet mask RouterIPAddressConfiguration Router config line ipnetmask format bitcount decimal hexadecimal Setsformatofnetworkmaskforaspecificline Router termipnetmask format bitcount decimal hexadecimal Setsdisplayformatofnetworkmaskforcurrentsession DefinesstatichostnametoIPaddressmappingHosts interfacesselectablebynameorIPaddress RouterIPHostNames Router config iphostname tcp port number address address iphostNorine172 16 3 1192 168 3 1iphostRoger172 16 4 3 Specifiesoneormorehoststhatsupplyhostnametologicaladdressresolution RouterNameServerConfiguration Router config ipname serverserver address1 server address2 server address6 DNSServer DNSenabledbydefault RouterNameSystem Router config ipdomain lookupRouter config endRouter patTranslating pat domainserver 255 255 255 255 Unknowncommandorcomputername orunabletofindcomputeraddressRouter configtRouter config noipdomain lookupRouter config endRouter patTranslating pat Unknowncommandorcomputername orunabletofindcomputeraddressRouter RouterDisplayHostNames Router showhostsDefaultdomainisnotsetName addresslookupusesdomainserviceNameserversare255 255 255 255HostFlagsAgeTypeAddress es Norine perm OK 0IP172 16 100 100Roger perm OK 0IP172 16 100 101Frank perm OK 0IP172 16 200 200Bob perm