初二重难点突破.doc

初二重难点突破一、 系统语法归纳法考点一之形容词的位置1.概念：说明人或事物的特征，性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词2.句法作用：作句子中名词的定语、句子的表语,宾语补足语3.在句中的位置(1) 作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词之后Eg.The beautiful girl is my sister.I have something important to tell you.实战练习：Amy used to have hair.But now she has curly hair.A.short B.black C.straight D.longThey called the police but didnt find_.A. anything strange B. strange anythingC. nothing strange D. strange nothing(2) 作表语，放在系动词之后Eg.Our school is big and clean.I felt terrible this morning.实战练习：Be_. Make sure not to make the same spelling mistake next time.A.peaceful B.careful C.helpful D.thankfulJack is afraid of flying. He feels_before he gets on a plane.A.surprised B.excited C.proud D.nervous （3）作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后 Eg.You must keep your eyes closed. I find it hard to travl around the big city. 实战练习： Who made you_,he or she?A. please B. pleasing C. pleased D. to please (4) 某些形容词放在定冠词之后，变成名词，表示一类人。常见词有good/bad, rich/poor, young/old, deaf/blind, black/white, living/dead等 Eg.The rich should help the poor. The young should be polite to the old.考点二之形容词的变化规则1.形容词比较等级的构成：原级，比较级和最高级2.构成规则(1)规则变化类别构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般直接加-er,-estlongtalllonger tallerlongesttallest不发音的e结尾时加-r,-stlatelargelaterlargerlatestlargest辅音字母加y结尾时把y变i，再加-er,-esteasyhappyeasierhappiereasiesthappiest重读闭音节结尾并且只有一个辅音字母是，双写最后的辅音字母，再加-er,-estbighotbiggerhotterbiggesthottest多音节词和部分双音节词在原级前加more,mostcarefulbeautifulmore carefulmore beautifulmost carefulmore beautiful(2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostbad/illworstworstlittlelessleastfarfarther(较远)further(进一步)farthest(最远)furthest（最大程度）oldolderelder(较年长的)oldesteldest(最年长的)考点三之形容词原级的用法1.说明人或事物自身的特征，性质和状态时用形容词原级 Eg.The flowers in the garden are beautiful. 2.表示绝对概念的副词very,so,too,enough,quite等修饰时用形容词原级 Eg.The boy is too young. The boy is so luchy.He had a chance to join the army. 3.表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级(1)肯定句中的结构：“A.as形容词原级asB” Eg.English is as interesting as Chinese.Xian Ming is as tall as Jim.实战练习：English is as_as Chinese. A.more important B.most important C.important D.the most important (2)否定句中的结构：“A. notas形容词原级asB” Eg.This book isnt as new as that one. I am not so careful as Lucy.实战练习：Kate is not as_as Jim. A.tall B.taller C.tallest D.much taller (3)表示“A是B的倍”时，用“A.倍数as形容词原级asB”结构。（一次：once,两次：twice,三次以上：数字times） Eg.Our school is three times as big as theirs. This taable is twice as long as that one.考点四之形容词比较级的用法1.表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级，其结构为“A. 比较级thanB” Eg.Li Lis room is bigger than mine. This mooncake is nicer than that one. 注意：为了避免重复，在从句中常用the one,that,those等词来代替前面出现过的名词。其中the one代替可数名词单数形式，the ones或those代替可数名词复数形式，that代替不可数名词 Eg.The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter.2.有表示程度的副词a little,a bit,a few,a lot,much,even,still,far,rather,any等修饰时，用形容词比较级 Eg.I feel even worse now. It is much colder today than before.3.表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更”时，用句型“which/who is形容词比较级，A or B?”表示 Eg.Who is taller,Li Ming or Wang Tao? Which sweater is more beautiful,the yellow one or the pink one? 实战练习： Which movie is_,this one or that one? A.more interesting B.the most interesting C.interesting D.interest4.表示“几倍于”时，用“倍数比较级than”表示 Eg.I am three years older than you. 5.表示“两者之间最一个(of the two)”时，常用“the比较级”结构 Eg.Mary is the taller of the twins. 实战练习： Of the two T-shirts,the boy choose_one. A.more expensive B.much expensive C.the more expensive D.the most expensive 6.表示“越来越”，用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级and比较级”，多音节词和部分双音节词时用“more and more形容词原级” Eg.Its getting warmer and warmer in spring. Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful. 实战练习： China is becoming_. A.strong and strong B.stronger and stronger C.more and more strong D.more strong and more strong 7.表示“越就越”时，用“the比较级,the比较级”结构 Eg.The more we get together,the happier well be. 实战练习： -Are you worried about the coming exam? -No,I think the more_you are,_mistakes youll make. A.careful;the less B.carefully;the fewer C.carefully;the least D.careful;the fewer考点五之形容词最高级的用法1.表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式，形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围Eg.He is the strongest of the three boys. Shanghai is the biggest city in China. 实战练习： This is_library in our city. A.big B.bigger C.the biggest D.the most biggest 2.表示在三者或三者以上的人或物进行选择时，用“which/who isthe最高级，A,B or C?”结构 Eg.Which city is the most beautiful,Beijing,Shanghai or Fuzhou? 3.表示“最的之一”时，用“one of the形容词最高级”结构，该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式 Eg.Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers. 实战练习： English is one of the_at school. A.most difficult subject B.most difficult subjects C.more difficult subject D.more difficult subjects 4.形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示“第几最” Eg.Changjiang is the first longest river in China. 5.形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词，指示代词，名词所有格等修饰，但此时不能再用定冠词the Eg.This is our last lesson today. Yesterday was his busiest day. 6.形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义 Eg.Li Lei is the tallest student in his class. =Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class. =Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class. =Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class.考点六之易混点 1.-ing形容词和-ed形容词-ing形容词-ed形容词例句surprising令人惊讶的surprised感到惊讶的This is a surprising story.I am surprised at the eresting有趣的interested感兴趣的I have an interesting book.Heis interested in science.exciting令人兴奋的excited感到兴奋的Have you heard of the exciting news?We are excited about the traveling.pleasing令人愉快的pleased感到愉快/满意的This is a pleasing trip.The teacher is pleased with our performance.frightening令人恐惧的frightened感到恐惧的This is a frightening story.We are frightened of the ghost.moving令人感动的moved受感动的Titanic is a moving film.We are moved by Hong Zhanhui deeply.tiring令人疲倦的tired感到疲倦的Its a long tiring day.Im too tired.fascinating迷人的fascinated着迷的What a fascinating voice!Many boys are fascinated by computer games.特点：表示主动意义，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰事物特点：表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人，常用于“sb.+be+-ed形容词+介词”结构We are all interested in the interesting story.2.比较的对象不能相互包容 牢记下列结构： 比较级+than+any other+单数名词 all(the) other+复数名词 any one/anybody else any of the other+复数名词 the rest of+复数名词或不可数名词注意：在同一范围内比较时，必须把主体排除在被比较的范围之外 Eg.China is larger than any other country in Asia. China is larger than any country in Africa.3.在两者进行比较“表示A不如B”时，多音节和部分双音节形容词除使用“not.as/so+形容词原级+as”结构外，还可使用“less+形容词比较级+than”结构 Eg.I am not as careful as Lily. =I am less careful than Lily.4.许多形容词加-ly可以构成副词，但有些以-ly结尾的词不是副词，而是形容词 Eg.friendly 有好的 lonely 孤独的 lovely 可爱的 likely 有希望的 daily 日常的 lively 有生气的真题实战1.（2011，陕西）He has read many books on history,so its_for him to answer these questions. A.hard B.impossible C.easy D.serious2.（2011，北京）We have a lovely room.Its one of_in the hotel. A.nice B.nicer C.nicest D.the nicest3. (2011,天津) Do you think math is _than English? A.difficult B.as difficult C.more difficult D.most difficult4. (2011,重庆) The more you smile,the _you will feel. A.happy B.happier C.happily D.more happily5. (2011安徽) We felt_when Liu Xiang won the first prize again in the race. A.brave B.proud C.successful D.worried6. (2011,河北) Of all the subjects,chemistry seems to be_for me. A.difficult B.too difficult C.more difficult D.the most difficult7.（2010，上海）Listening is just as_as speaking in language learning. A.important B.more important C.most important D.the most important8.（2010，广东）-How are you feeling today? -Much_.I can go to school next week. A.good B.better C.best D.well9.（2009，山东）-Is there_in todays menu? -Yes.We have Beijing Duck. A.anything special B.special anything C.nothing special D.special nothing10.（2007，四川）Chinese people were cheering at the most_moment when Liu Xiang broke the world record. A.excited B.to excite C.excite D.exciting二、 阅读归纳法之细节题 Passage 1(2011上海)You probably know you should say” please” and “thank you ” at restaurants. You probably know the rules of a library. You know you should respect and be nice to your classmates. But do you have music manners?Keep It Down! You have to notice the volume of your music. You should not play your music so loud that everyone around you can hear it. Some people might even get angry. Usually, when you play the music loud on an MP3 player, other people cant hear the words of the song. They just hear a loud sound. Not one wants to listen to this. Very loud music can also be bad for your cars, so even if you are alone when listening to our MP3 player, you shouldnt have it turned up too high.Take Them off! You need to know when to turn your MP3 player off and put it away. Libraries and schools dont allow MP3 players. There are other places, like museums, that dont have rules, but it would be rude to have your MP3 player on. Sometimes, it just doesnt make sense to listen your MP3 player at event. Why would you listen to music at a play, a movie or a sporting event? You would miss what is going on and others would wonder why you even came.Take One Out! Once is a while its okay just to take out one earphone and not other. Imagine you are listening your MP3 player when someone asks you the way. It would not be rude to take out one earphone, tell him the way, and put back the earphone and continue listening. You can also do this when you order food at a fast-food restaurant or when you answer the telephone and its not for you.Its Your Choice! There are times when you need to decide what is best. For example, some people can listen to music on their MP3 Players when read books, while others think it is disturbing. In cases like this, you need to do what seems right for you.8. The underlined word “volume” in Paragraph Two probably means” _.A. the type of music B. the amount of a soundC. the length of a song D. the colour of and MP3 player9. No one wants to listen to _ from others MP3 player.A. a loud sound B. sad storiesC. a long movie D. the words of a song10. We should turn down the music when we are alone because loud music _.A. is not enjoyable B. makes us tiredC. is bad for MP3 players D. huts our ears11. If we listen to our MP3 player at a play, _.A. the theater wont allow it B. the actors will get angryC. others wont hear the play well D. we will miss part of the play12. We can take one earphone out when we _.A. show others the way B. talk to friends on the phoneC. watch a sporting event D. have dinner with our parents13. Its all right to use our MPS player in _.A. schools B. libraries C. restaurants D. museums14. What can be the best title of this passage?A. Music Lovers B. Music MannersC MP3 Players D. MP3 EarphonesPassage 2(2011北京)Dereck Joubert and his wife, Beverly, have made many films about wild animals in Africa. Their films and photographs are very popular and one of the photographs has been on the front cover of a National Geographic magazine.A working day for Dereck and Beverly starts very early-at 4:30 in the morning! Thats when they get up and start filming. And its a long- day they often work until 8:30 in the evening. In the winter its very cold and in the summer it can be