学好英语的方法语法入门之动词.doc

学好英语的方法语法入门之动词（一）常用动词注意事荐动词注意点一、主动表被动的情况1 感观系动词，look, seem, sound, feel, smell, taste等eg. The fish tastes nice.2 measure, weigh等表示度量的动词。eg. The elephant weights nearly a ton.3. wash, clean, open, sell, read, last, write, steer等不及物动词可以表示被动意义。eg.The ship steer easily.二、被动句表示主动含义。She was dressed in a red skirt.此类动词常见于dress, seat, devote, adapt, accustom 等后面可以接反身代词的动词。【英语小知识】一、个人名按照英语民族的习俗，一般在婴儿接受洗礼时，由牧师或父母亲朋为其取名，称为教名。以后本人可以再取第二个名字，排在教名之后。英语个人名的来源大致有以下几种情况：1、采用圣经、希腊罗马神话、古代名人或文学名著中的人名作为教名。二、时态，语态1 用进行时表示一种情绪。She is always helping others.(表赞扬)The man is always smoking in the office, which offends others very much.2. 一般过去时表示某一动作已完成，过去进行时表示动作可能未完成。He wrote a letter yesterday morning.(信已写完)He was writing a letter yesterday evening. (信可能还未写完)3现在完成时可表示动作持续至今，一般过去时则表示动作已结束，并不强调对现在造成的影响或结果。I have lived in this street.(我一直住这条街上)I lived in this street.(我曾住在这条街上)4表示几个连续动作时，尽管有先后，仍要用相同时态。He came into the classroom, put down the book and wrote a few words on the blackboard.5. 在条件和时间状语从句中常用一般时表示将来。6叙述过去发生的某件事情常用一般过去时，表示过去某个时间或动作之后发生的事情才用过去将来时，过去某个时刻/段内正发生的事情，才用过去进行时，过去某个时间或动作之前发生的事情才用过去完成时。因此找准时间的参照点，是正确运用时态的关键。7罗列并熟记各种时态的被动形式。三动词的类别与特征中的注意点1兼作Vt.,Vi.的动词（1）对兼作Vt.,Vi.的动词，要注意根据不同的情况选择使用。The children are flying their kites in the square.( Vt.)We saw a plane flying high up in the sky.( Vi.)（2）有些动词后跟从句时为Vt.，其它情况为Vi.，但意义基本不变。典型的有wonder, think, insist, agree,等。The headmaster insisted that the students should wear school uniforms .The headmaster insisted on the students wearing school uniforms.（3）有些动词在Vt. Vi.之间，意义有所不同。如run, stand, lie等She stood alone under the tree.I cant stand such cold weather.2常用的双宾动词有give, teach, lend, bring, explain, send, offer, pay, sell, buy, tell, show, write, ask, wish, read等，这些动词都带有一定的趋向性。因此转换成带介词的情况时，常可用for , to 来转换。注意：explain sth. to sb.=explain to sb. sth., describe sth. to sb.=describe to sb. sth.3.带宾补的动词，注意宾补的逻辑主语是动词宾语宾补常是名词、形容词、介词短语，副词和非谓语动词等。常见的此类动词有make, have, let, get, keep, find, see, feel, notice等，但要注意不同的动词有不同的接法。He kept the children （keep不能用不定式作宾补）Makedo, havedo/doing/done，getto do/done, finddoing/done, leaveto do/doing/介词短语/a./ad., seedoing/do/done4.后面常接-ing的动词及短语：suggest, finish, avoid, cant help, mind, need, enjoy, require, postpone, delay, practice, fancy, excuse, pardon, advise, consider, deny, admit, endure, escape, miss, appreciate, dislike, have a good time doing, put off, call off, give up5.有些动词后面接to do 和-ing时意义基本相同，而有的则完全不同，要注意Love, like, hate, forget, remember, stop, begin, start, continue, prefer, regret, intend, mean, want, need, require, neglect, try, deserve, cant bear等6注意状态动词和动态动词的选用Mother asked the son to notice his manners at the party. (notice就改为mind)再如：listen/hear, look/see, look for/find, advise/persuade, marry/be married, join/be in等。7注意have表“有”时，及系动词一般不能用进行时态。8注意表示“有”时，have与there be 的选用9注意动词词组分类（见），尤其要注意各类动词词组的使用特点及有的动词词组的主被动转换使用。Make use of sthsth is made use of(介词不要掉了)/use is made of sth.10Hope, intend, expect, plan, want, think, mean 等动词用过去完成时表示没有实现的愿望，计划，打算等一、动词介词1.agree with同意意见；符合；一致2.ask for请求；询问3.arrive atin到达4.begin with以开始5.come from来自6.feel like想要7.fall behind落在后面8.fall off掉下9.get to到达10.get on上(车)11.get off下来；从下来12.hear of听说13.knock aton敲(门、窗等)14.laugh at嘲笑15.look at看16.look after照看17.listen to听18.look for寻找19.quarrel with吵架20.stop.from阻止做21.wait for等候二、动词副词1.come out出来；花开2.come over顺便来访；过来3.come along来；随同4.come in进来5.eat up吃光6.fall down倒下；跌倒7.find out找出；查明8.go back回去9.go on继续10.go out外出11.get back回来；取回12.grow up长大；成长13.get up起床14.go home回家15.hurry up赶快16.hold on不挂断；等一等17.look out留神；注意18.look over检查19.look up向上看；查阅20.move away搬走21.put on穿上；上演22.pass on传递23.run away逃跑24.ring up打电话25.set off出发；动身26.throw out乱丢；抛散27.turn on打开28.turn off关29.take out取出30.trip over绊倒31.turn.over把翻过来32.write down写下；记下33.wake up醒来34.work out算出；解出三、动词副词介词1.be fed up with厌倦2.catch up with赶上3.go on with继续4.get on with与相处5.pull.up from把从中拉出来四、动词名词介词1.take care of照料；照顾2.make room for给腾出地方3.make friends with与交朋友4.play a joke on戏弄某人5.have a look at看一看6.have a drink of喝一点7.say goodbye to告别；告辞五、动词形容词介词1.be late for迟到2.be angry with生气3.be busy with忙于4.be short for是的简称5.be interested in对感兴趣6.be famous for因而著名7.be good at擅长8.be differen