BOOK7U1.doc

BOOK7 U1一课文知识点回顾（一） 根据本单元内容课文填空Marty is a 1 ( able) boy 2 suffers from a muscle disease. He doesnt look any difference from other people but in fact he is too weak to go to school sometimes. He feels 3 (annoy) after his 4 (缺席) from school. But he is outgoing and he thinks having a 5 (disable) doesnt mean his life is not 6 (满意的).He learns to adapt 7 his present life. His disease helps him grow stronger 8 (psychology) and become more 9 (独立的). He hopes healthy people can give the disabled more 10 (encourage) in life.（二）.单词拼写(须用本单元的单词和词汇)1. As he has no opportunity to achieve his a_, he intends _ (resign) from the company.2. When something can help people or improve their lives, we say it is _ (有益的) to people.3. Im afraid itll be very hard for you _ (adapt) this story for children.4. Youd better not get_ (annoy) at his ignorance.5. Finland gained _ (independent) from Russia during the First World War.6. The manager c_ his business carefully.7. Im interested in the classical _(文学) of France.8. We must give _ (assist) to the elderly.9. A _(伙伴) is a friend that you spend a lot of time with, or someone you are traveling with.10. I offer you my hearty _(congratulate)11. Being afraid of losing d_, he doesnt dare to take on any challenging task.12. He received a lot of _ (鼓励) from his teacher.（三）短语翻译1. 换句话说 _ 2. 总而言之 _3. 取笑 _ 4. 一切顺利 _5. 特别 _ 6. 在于 _7. 祝贺某人某事 _ 8. 上气不接下气 _ （四）重点句型1. She is proud to _ _ _in competitions and_ _ _a record by running two laps(800metres) this year.她很骄傲她参加了比赛而且在今年的800米长跑中打破了记录。2 The few _cannot see the real person inside my body do not make me _, and I just ignore them.有些同学看不到我的内心世界,但我并不生气，只是不理会他们罢了。3. I have a very busy life with no time _ _ _feeling sorry for myself.生活太忙了，我可没时间闲坐着顾影自怜。4. Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as _ _ _ _ _-as you do.接受他们的现状，并给他们予鼓励，让他们和你们一样过着丰富多彩而充实的生活。 （五）单选1. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying2. (2009江西)Frank put the medicine in a top drawer to make sure it would not be _ to the kids. A. accessible B. Relative C. acceptable D. sensitive3. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects4. Im entering for an 800meter race._.ACongratulationsBEnjoy yourself CGood luck DAll the best5. He doesnt like work. _， he is lazy.ANever mind BAll in all CIn other words DIn many ways6. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication.Ais playing Bhave played Care playing Dplay7. Would you like there _ a meeting to discuss the matter?Abeing Bto be Cis Dbe 8. My friend, David, was not used by air, so he felt unwell.A. to traveling B. to travel C. traveling D. travel 9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to10._，I lost heart in English learning，but my teacher often said to me，“Keep on working hard；youll succeed_.”AAt a time；in time BAt a time；on time CAt one time；in time DAt one time；on time11. Having lived in the town for quite a few years，Mr.Johnson no longer felt _ among the local people.Aout of order Bout of placeCout of control Dout of the question12. The book that you bought yesterday is_interesting_the one you lost last month.Aas；asBso；thatCthe same；as Dsuch；that 13._the fact that he gained a great many achievements, he remained modest. A. In addition to B. Besides C. Despite D. Though14. In modern times，people have to learn to_all kinds of pressure although they are leading a comfortable life.Akeep with Bstay with Cmeet with Dlive with（六）解题技巧讲解阅读理解（一）阅读理解之细节题的解题思路主题思想只是文章的框架，作者在构思过程中，还必须对要表达的观点或信息进行具体的陈述，读者应能准确记住作者在陈述中谈到是何人、何处、何事、和何时何故，这是十分重要的。因此，读者必须重视人名、日期、事实、数据和地点等。对于这类细节性的问题，多数文章都比较明显地提供了事实和细节，其答案必定在文章论述范围之内。读者应该找出文章中为所作的选择提供依据的单词和句子，而不能脱离原文去获取信息，也不能仓促地作出没有原文根据的假设。细读是获取事实和细节不可缺少的方法之一，它使读者能够接受信息、记忆信息、分析信息，从而较深入地领会一篇文章。这类题型主要有三种形式：问句式，不完整的陈述句和排除法。1问句式A其发问形式主要有以下几种：How did something happen?Which of the following people should(not) do it?Which of the following did somebody have to deal with. ?Where should somebody do something?B解题技巧在解这类题时，可采用“对号入座”的办法，即带着问题找句子，先看文章后面的问题(这常常被认为是非常有效的方法)，注意记忆关键的词语，如。人物、时间、事件等，确定每道题目的发问中心，也，就是说，某个问题是针对什么提问的。这样我们就可以带着问题去阅读文章，做到有的放矢。把每个问题的发问中心反馈到原文中去。当读到有关解答发问中心的信息时，可在有关信息下面画一直线以示突出。如果问题的顺序没有按顺序给出，可以在原文信息下画线的同时，把问题的题号也标出来，便于最后检查，并节约时间。在原文中找出对发问中心的解答信息后，可把原文信息放到问题中去，与每一选项进行对照，与原文信息相符的那项，即是正确的答案。Cattle have served humanity since prehistoric(史前) days as beasts of burden and as supplier of leather, meat, and milk. Some of the earliest written records concern the sale of cattle. These valuable animals are unusual in that they do not have front teeth in their upper jaw. Instead they chew with their back teeth and gums (齿龈). Cows swallow their food quickly and store it in the fat stomach or rumen, the first of the four compartments stomachs in their.Questions: According to the passage, what is the rumen?A. The first stomach compartment.B. The name of the upper jaw.C. The stomach where digestion (消化) takes place.D. The name of the bacteria(细菌) in the cows stomach.带着发问中心及选择项目阅读原文。当我们读到rumen这个词时，可在它下面画一横线，紧接此词下面一句“first of the four compartments in their stomachs”，正是解释rumen的，可在它的下面画一虚线并可标出题号和选择项。2不完整的陈述句式A常见形式有：Something can be best classified as .A certain kind of person is someone who .People are looking for better ways to .According to the author,“it”was caused by .B解题技巧：这类题的答案与原文在字面上的差异很大，有时还要找出与前句的内容在逻辑上的联系，因此答这类题时准确理解是关键，一定要冷静，仔细分析。在做不完整的陈述式题目时候，仍可参考上面列举的解题步骤。第一步，阅读题目，找出问题的发问中心。第二步，带着这些问题来阅读文章。第三步，根据前两步的分析和判断，选择出最符合题意的答案。3排除式A常见形式有：Which of the following are NOT mentioned in the passage?Which of the following is TRUE?Which of the following is NOT listed in . ?Which of the following is NOT included in the passage?B解题技巧：做这类题时，首先要仔细阅读题后的选项，牢记各个选项所阐述的不同内容，然后阅读原文。凡是原文中的信息与选择项内容相同的，我们可以在这些信息下面划线，以作为排除的内容。如果基本选项的内容在原文找不到相应的信息，那么该选项即为该题的答案。这类题与前两种题型不同，后者答案应包括在原文内容中，即与所述的事实具有直接或间接的联系，而前者的答案是被排除在原文内容之外的，因此在答题时要将与原文内容有关的三个选项排除，剩下的一个才是答案。Life on LandLife on land probably began about 430 million years ago, though it has existed in the water for perhaps as long as 3000 million years. When we think of the first life on land, we probably think of strange animals coming out of the oceans, but, in fact ,no animals could have been living if plants had not been on land first. Plants had to be on land before animals arrived. They supplied the first land animals with the surrounding and food necessary, since they-the plants are the only form of life that is able to get and store energy.The first plants to exist out of the water were probably certain kinds of algae (海藻) which were followed by other plants that grew close to the ground and needed water in which to reproduce.Which of the following is TRUE?A. Algae have existed for more than 430 million years.B. It is impossible that algae might be the earliest plant on land.C. Plants get food from animals in the oceans.D. Evolution began after animals appeared on land.这是一道事实询问题。需要把短文第一段首句“Life on land probably began about 430 million years ago”和短文第二段首句“The first plants to exist out of the water were probably certain kinds of algae”联系起来考虑，正确答案为A。B、C、D三项与短文内容均不符，应排除。二语法（动词不定式）（一） 语法 动词不定式一、相关知识点讲解定义：动词不定式是一种非限制动词形式，即非谓语动词。非限定动词是指不能单独在句中充当谓语的动词形式。非谓语动词包括：动词不定式，-ing分词和-ed分词。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。2不定式的用法1)不定式结构作主语1.Te get contact with his family in Taiwan made him extremely happy since they separated more than 40 years ago To see is to believe.2.To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge在上述情况下，如果不定式较长，显得头重脚轻，则可由it作形式主语，而将不定式放到后面。如：1.It made him happy to get 100yuan by his own effort.2. 3Its for sb to do.和 Its of sb to do.1）for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：例如：Its very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 2）of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如careless，clever，considerate，foolish，good，impolite，kind， naughty，nice，silly，stupid。例如：Its very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。用for还是用of 的另一种辨别方法：用介词for或of后面的逻辑主语作句子的主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果通顺用of，不通则用for。例如： You are nice.（通顺，所以应用of）。He is hard. （非所表达的意思，不通，因此用for。）2)不定式作宾语不定式作宾语有两种：一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式， 另一种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的不定式。及物动词+带to的不定式结构:只能跟动词不定式的动词，常见的有: afford， agree， aim， appear， ask， believe，claim，decide, demand， desire， determine， expect， fail， happen， hesitate， hope， intend， learn， long， manage， offer， pretend， promise， prepare， refuse， seek， swear， undertake，want， wish等。1.He managed to solve the complicated problem.2.The stranger offered to show me the way.3.Mr. Smith undertook to build a new plant in South Africa.动词+疑问代(副)词+不定式：这类动词常见的有advise， decide， find out， forget， inquire， know， learn， see， regard总结， remember， teach， tell， understand， wonder等。常见的疑问代(副)词有: what， when， where， which， how， whether等。1.He does not know when to start.2.You can decide whether to continue or to stop.3.I will show you how to deal with it.有时，不定式可由it代替，而把不定式放到后面去。这可以用这一结构表达：动词(如find， think，consider，feel等)+it+ 形容词+不定式。1.She considers it necessary to make friends with him.2.We find it difficult to finish all the homework before 9 oclock.3)不定式做表语不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如:1.To see is to believe.另一种情况为主语是以aim，duty，hope， idea，job， plan，problem， purpose，thing，wish等名词为中心的短语，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用：；例如：1.His aim is to study abroad in the near future2.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the price3.What I want to say is to forget all the unhappy experience4)不定式作定语 不定式结构作名词词组修饰语主要有三种类型：第一种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑宾语。例如：1.There was really nothing to fear 2.He gave me an interesting book to read如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就得加相应的介词。例如：1.Mary needs a friend to play with2.That girl has nothing to worry about3.They have a strict teacher to listen to4.Although the film had been on for ten minutes， I still was not able to find a chair to sit on第二种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑主语；例如：1.Have you got a key to unlock the door?2.The action to be taken is correct第三种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的同位结构。这类名词通常是表示企图、努力、倾向、目的、愿望、能力、意向等意义的名词：ability， attempt， effort， impulse， inclination，wish等。例如：1.Her daughter will make an even bigger effort to please her2.I have no wish to quarrel with you3.Neither of them had any inclination to do business with Mary.5)不定式作状语1）目的状语常用结构为to do , only to do（仅仅为了）, in order to do,so as to do,so（such） as to（如此以便）。例如：He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。I come here only to say good-bye to you.我来仅仅是向你告别。2）作结果状语，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。I awoke to find my truck gone. 我醒来发现箱子不见了。He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间，没发现什么。3）表原因Im glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。She wept to see the sight. 她一看到这情形就哭了。4）表示理由和条件He must be a fool to say so.You will do well to speak more carefully. 不带to的不定式的使用动词不定式通常带to，但在有些搭配中不带to，在另一些搭配中可带to可不带to。归纳起来，以下情况下使用不带to不定式：1) 在cancould， maymight，willwould，shallshould，must， need，dare等情态动词之后，动词不定式不带to。2)在感官动词，如see，feel，watch，notice，smell，hear，observe等后，或使役动词，如have，let，make等后，动词不定式不带to。例如：1.I often heard him say that he would study hard2.I must have him see his own mistakes但是，当这类结构转换为被动语态时，后面的不带to不定式一般转换为带to不定式。例如：1.He was often heard to say that he would study hard3)在动词help之后可用不带to的不定式，也可用带to的不定式。例如：1.Help the old lady (to) carry the heavy box.4) 在had better，would rather，maymight as well最好还是，不妨，rather than，can not but不得不，等搭配之后，动词不定式也不带to。例如： 1.Unless you feel to ill to go out，I would rather not stay at home tonight2.She could not but criticize his foolish behaviour.5)在介词but，except之后，如果其前有动词do的某种形式，其后不定式一般不带to，反之则必须带to，表示“不得不，只能”。例如：1.He will do anything except work on the farm2.There was nothing left for the enemy to do but surrender3.The spy was both hungry and cold；there was nothing left for him but to give in4.I had no choice but to wait till it stopped raining下面一些短语是固定搭配，不带to：can not help but，can not choose but，can not but，do nothing but，have nothing to do but。例如：I can not but admire his courage.如果上述句中有do，to省略：I did nothing but watch TV last night如果是下面一个固定搭配，就带to：I have no choice but to give up my idea.7)紧跟在why或why not之后的动词不定式总是不带to。但是，紧跟在who，what，which，whether等连接词后的不定式带to。例如：Why stand up if you can sit down?Why not ask your teacher when you dont understand the meaning?You neednt decide yet whether to study arts or science4不定式的时态语态：（以to do为例）时态主动被动一般式To doTo be done完成式To have doneTo have been done进行式To be doing完成进行式To have been doing1.She feels relaxed to have finished writing her thesis before the deadline2.The Vikings are believed to have discovered America3.When you called me last night, I happened to be working on the computer4.The snow was supposed to have been blown off the mountain不定式的否定形式否定形式是在不定式的标志to前加not。例如：1.I decided not to ask him again. 2.Please remember not to leave the lights on when you are out（二） 单选1. He seems _ the old lady.A. knowing B. to be knowing C. to know D. to be known2. Tom_when they spoke ill of him.A. happened to be passed B. happened to be passing by C. happened passing by D. happened to passed3. We all hope_ scientists. A. become B. to become C. becoming D. became4. The boy refused _ for climbing the tall tree.A. to pay B. to be paid C. being paid D. paying5. I happened _ the article when he asked me about it.A. having read B. to have read C. to be read D. reading6. _with him is a great pleasure. A. To talk B. Talk C. Talked D. To talking7. It is nice _ your voice. A. to hear B. hear C. heard D. to be hearing8. _is to struggle. A. Living B. Live C. To live D. To be lived9. Her wish is _ a doctor. A. becoming B. become C. to become D. being come10. I was just about _the office when the phone rang.A. leaving B. leave C. to leave D. to leaving11. I didnt _it until