动词不定式.doc

动词不定式（The Infinitive）1. 动词不定式的意义及否定式的构成动词不定式的语法意义 具有名、副、形容词的特征，在句中作主、宾、定、表和状语； 没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语，但有时态和语态的变化； 仍然保持动词的特点，即可有自己的宾语和状语，和他们一起构成不定式短语。不定式的时态跟语态 一般时：to do 被动：to be done 进行式：to be doing 被动：to be being done 完成式：to have done 被动：to have been done 完成进行式：to have been doing不定式的构成不定式符号to+动词原形。如to see，to say不定式的否定式not/never +不定式。如：Tell him not to speak.2. 不定式的句法作用。成分说明例句主语做主语的不定式，常用it做形式主语代替，而把不定式放在后面。To learn maths well is difficult.= It is difficult to learn maths well.宾语如果做宾语的不定式太长，常用it做形式宾语，将不定式后置。He wants to borrow my bike.I think it useful to learn English well.表语在多数情况下，不定式做表语可换为做主语。His wish is to be a doctor.= To be a doctor is his wish.定语作定语常放在被修饰的词之后，两者多含动宾关系。不定式如果是vi.勿忘加介词Have you got anything to say?Hes looking for a room to live in.状语不定式作状语多放在被修饰的动词、副词和形容词之后。注意其逻辑主语与句子主语相一致。She came to give us a talk yesterday.We were excited to hear the news.(原因)The book is easy to read.She is too young to go to school.宾补在四看（see, watch, notice, observe） 三让（let, make, have） 二听（ hear, listen to） 一感（feel），半个帮（help）等使役动词或感官动词后面，作宾补的不定式要省略to。Lucy asked me to speak loudly.I let him do it again.I saw him go out of the room.I heard her sing in the classroom.3. 不定式和疑问词连用构成形式作用例句what / which / where / how /when 等+不定式主语When to start has not been decided. 何时动身尚未决定。表语The question is where to go. 问题是到哪儿去。宾语Nobody told us what to do. 没人告诉我们该干什么。能接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语的常见动词有：ask, choose, decide, discuss, forget, find out, know, learn, show, teach, tell 等。4. 句型It is + adj. + of sb to do 与 It is + adj. + for sb to do 的区别。当表语形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的特征属性时，要用of 而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语。常与of搭配的形容词：good, kind, nice, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, right, wrong, rude, impolite, careless, careful 等。常与for搭配的形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, heavy, necessary, impossible, important等。区别两者的关键在于：前者可以转换成一个不定式作状语的句子，后者则不能。如：It is very kind of you to help me.= Youre very kind to help me.It is impossible for you to get there before lunch. (不可转换成: You are impossible to get)5. 学以致用：1) 骑自行车到那儿要花我们半小时。 2) 照顾老人是我们的职责。 3) 我们要在十五分钟写完这篇作文是很难的。 4) 你真傻，把老师说的每件事都记下来。 5) 尊重别人就是尊重自己。 6) 当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。 7) 司机没能及时看见另一辆车(fail)。 8) 我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。 9) 他答应一小时后回来。 10) 我发现有可能不用计算机而解出这道题目。 11) 我觉得被邀请在会上面对这么多学生发言是一件很光荣的事情。 12) 没有人能告诉我哪里能买到这本书。 13) 我们打算在那儿呆一个星期。 14) 我认为我们学好一门外语非常重要。 15) 什么时候出发去伦敦还没有决定。 参考答案：1) To get there by bike will take us half an hour.2) Its our duty to take good care of the old.3) It is very difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.4) It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.5) To respect others is to be respected.6) Its necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.7) The driver failed to see the other car in time.8) I happen to know the answer to your question.9) He promised to return in an hour.10) I found it possible to work out the problem without a computer.11) I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students.12) No one could tell me where to buy (get) the book. 13) We have meant (planned,