宾语从句讲义.doc

宾语从句 （The Object Clause）讲义 齐 晓 敬1. I know him (简单句)主语 谓语 宾语2. I know who he is (主从复合句)主语 谓语 从句宾语 从句主语 从句谓语 宾 语3.宾语从句的概念和种类在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.（1）动词的宾语从句（2）介词的宾语从句（3）形容词的宾语从句 一动词的宾语从句1. 大多数动词都可以带宾语从句。I think that he will go to Poland next year.I dont know if there will be a bus any more.Could you please tell me how you read the new panel?你能展示给我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?He said that he hadnt seen the film.Have you determined whichever you should buy, a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.He told us that they would help us though the whole work.他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的.He told me that he would go to college the next year.2.部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?3.动词短语也可以带宾语从句。常见的这些词有:make sure确保 make up ones mind下决心 keep in mind牢记Make sure that the door is locked when you leave the classroom.(确保，务必做到)Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误Keep in mind that the value of our hands and fingers are innmeasurable.头牢记脑中要时刻：手和手指的价值是无可估量的。We must always keep in mind that we must serve the people.4.动词find, feel, consider, make, believe 等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 谓 形式宾语 宾语补足语 真正的宾语（宾语从句）我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together.我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯.5. 有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加it，这类动词主要有like, love，would appreciate(不胜感激), take, have, see to, oweI like it when it rains in spring.春天我喜欢下雨的时候。I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.Id appreciate it if you would open the window for me. Its stuffy here.请你把窗户打开吧。这里不通风。Id appreciate it if you would mention it. 如果你不提它， 我会很感激你。Id appreciate it if youd make a small deposit nor for me to hold the room.最好现在先付点定钱，我好给您留房子。deposit, 定金，保证金。He will have it that our plan is really practical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.have， 认为。We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的.take, 认为When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.see to: if you see to something that needs attention, you deal with it. Leave it up to me. Ill see to it. 交给我吧，我会负责的。See to it that youre ready on time.! a请务必按时准备好。See to it that you are here punctually tomorrow. 明天你务必要准时到这里。二介词的宾语从句介词之后一般用wh-类的宾语从句We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升如太空的.用that,if引导的介词宾语从句有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.I dont want to go; besides, Im too tire. 我不想去，再说我也太累了。Its too late to go to the cinema; besides, its beginning to rain.现在去看电影已经太晚了。再说又开始下雨了。三 形容词的宾语从句常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedI am sure I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.Im very surprised that he failed the exam.Were happy that well visit the museum tomorrow.Im afraid that he wont come tomorrow.宾语从句的连接词1. that,if,whether叫做从属连词，that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.He told that he would go to the college the next year他告诉我他下一年上大学.I dont know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.没人知道他是否会通过考试.She says that she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday. (口语中以及非正式场合常省略that.)Li Tao feels hat his own team is even better.Lets see if/whether we can find out some information about that city.Lily wanted to know if / whether her grandma like the handbag.(口语中常用if)3. 连接代词连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.Do you know what he said just now?Do you hear who has won the price?Please tell him who /whom we have to see.Can you tell me who/whom you are waiting for?I dont know whom you should depend on.我不知道你该依靠谁.The book will show you what the best CEOs know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?Hes good at whatever he does. 他做事样样出色。Tell me whatever you know about this accident.Hell kick away whoever gets under his foot. 凡是妨碍他前进的人，他就一脚踢开。Ill take whoever wants to go. 谁想去我就带谁去。You may select whoever you think is suitable. 大家看谁合适就选谁。He wrote to whoever invited him. 凡是邀请他的，他都去了信。I wonder whose coat it is. aa我不知道这是谁的外套。Im wondering whose mother she is then. 我很纳闷，那么她是谁的母亲呢？I cant remember whose idea it is for us to meet again. 我记不清我们再次会面是谁的主意了。One generation plants the trees under whose shade another generation rests.前人栽树，后人乘凉。带how 的疑问短语，how much, how many, how often, how soon, how far, how long.Please tell us how soon youll be ready.Could you tell us how long the meeting will last?Could you tell us how often you go abroad for a holiday?I dont know how far it is to the cinema.3. 连接副词连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.He didnt tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.Could you please tell me how you read the new panel?你能展示给我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.I dont remember when we arrived.I dont want to know how he died. 注 意 事 项1. 时态。宾语从句的时态和语序当主句为现在时或将来时的时候,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.当主句为过去时的时候从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didnt know what country he was in.我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家.He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读.从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了Mary.从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时候不根据主句的时态而变化The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转.当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手.2. 语序。连词+主语+谓语+其它成分Can you tell me who are we going to meet?His brother asks when he will go to the library.3 只用whether的情况：（1）在不定式前只能用whether.I cant decide whether to stay.I dont know whether to go.He didnt know whether to wait for the bus .(2)介词之后用whether,一般不用if。Im thinking of whether we should go to the cinema.(3)与or not 连用时，用whether.I cant say whether or not they can come on time because it is raining so heavy.只用if。在表示否定意义的宾语从句中一般使用if。He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday.4 宾语从句的否定转移宾语从句否定转移的条件：(1）主句的主语是第一人称的I或者We.(2)主句的谓语动词