省 略2.doc

省 略省略句的基本用法如下：一、为避免重复而进行的省略。当一个句子中有两个或更多相同成分出现时，往往只保留第一个，其余的省略，以使句子简练。如：You are going to Beijing on holiday, and they (are going) to Shanghai (on holiday).二、状语从句中的省略。1. 如果状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，而且状语从句谓语中有be动词，可以将状语从句的主语连同be动词一起省略。如：He hurt himself while (he was) climbing the mountain.2. 在than或asas引导的从句中。在than或asas引导的从句中，有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下常被省略。如：He is even slower than (he was) before.He handles great things as easily as (he handles) small things.3. if的常用省略结构。常用的有if any, if ever, if so, if not, if necessary, if possible等。如：Few, if any, will survive here. Do you enjoy challenges at work?If so, what kinds of challenges have you faced?三、省略不定式中的动词，只保留不定式符号to。在同一个句子或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，不定式to后面的内容常常被省略，只保留to。常用于动词refuse, would like / love, wish, want, hope, expect, intend, plan等动词及形容词happy, glad, willing, ready等之后。如：You can go home if you want to (go home). Will you join us in the discussion? Id be glad to (join you in the discussion).注意：不定式to之后的动词是be或助动词have时，要保留to后的be 或have。否定形式的省略用not to。四、替代省略。1. 用so替代前面所说的话。可用于动词think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, guess, hope等后面。肯定回答结构为“主语+动词+so”，否定回答结构为 “主语+助动词否定形式+动词+so”，但动词为hope, guess时，否定回答只能说hope (guess) not。 Will his father punish him? I think so. Is he angry with us? I guess not.2. 在be afraid, of course, certainly, perhaps, why等后面可用so或not替代前面所说的话。如： Is he feeling better today? Im afraid not.3. 用one, that替代句子中重复出现的名词、代词或句子。one具有泛指性质，可替代人或物，常用来替代单数或复数可数名词(复数用ones)，不能替代不可数名词，可以有前置或后置定语。that常用来替代可数或不可数名词，后面常跟有in或of短语作后置定语(复数用those)，that往往表示特指。如：The weather is hotter than that in New York. I have a brother, one in the army.五、习惯用法上的省略。在口语中，常省略主语、主语和助动词、谓语或部分谓语、宾语、大部分句子。如：(I) Hope to see you again.(Do you) Understand?(I beg your) Pardon?(Does) Anybody know the fact?【练一练】I. Make the best choices.1. Did you know anything about the results of the test? .A. Not until you told meB. Until you told me notC. Not you told meD. Until not you told me2. One side of the card should be painted black, and.A. the other is red B. another is redC. the other red D. another red3. Nothing can stop her son from playing computer games when he wants .A. / B. to C. so D. that4. The waiter gave me a better service than .A. he gave Henry B. that of HenrysC. Henrys D. those of Henry5. I always turn to my brother.A. When trouble B. When in troubleC. In trouble D. When me in trouble6. Will your father visit the exhibition and buy a new motorbike for you ? .A. I dont think B. I dont think notC. I dont think it D. I dont think so7. The music is as sweet as we heard yesterday.A. one B. thatC. this D. which8. Will your mother come to pick you up? .A. I am not afraid so B. So afraid am IC. Im afraid not D. Im afraidII. Rewrite the following sentences by taking out the unnecessary parts.1. Do you like the 3G phone? Yes, I like the 3G phone very much.2. What you said just now made me happy, but what you said just now made her angry.3. I love you than she loves you.4. Are you a football player? No, but I used to be a football player.5. Lily may not be at home then. If she is not at home, leave her a message.6. Carol wont come to the meeting unless it is necessary.7. Why were you late for work this morning? I was late for work this morning because I helped a stranger on the way.8. Bruce didnt join us, but he ought to have joined us.Key:I. 1-5 ACBAB 6-8 DBCII. 1. 去掉I like the 3G phone2. 去掉what you said just now made3. 去掉loves you4. 去掉答语中的a football player5. she is not at home so6. 去掉it is7. 去掉I was late for work this morning8. 去掉joined us “省略”考点透析在特定的语言环境中，为了使句子的结构更加紧密或避免重复，可将前面或后面已经出现的某些成分省略，或因习惯上的用法或为了强调某一成分而使用省略形式。使用省略形式应该注意：句子结构得当，句子简洁无歧义。下面结合高考试题对省略句作如下归纳，希望引起同学们的注意。一、 主语、谓语、宾语、状语等成分的省略1. I was wondering if we could go skating on the weekend. good. （2006湖北卷）A. Sound B. Sounded C. Sounding D. Sounds解析D。该句省略了主语，全句是：That / It sounds good. 2. Which driver was to blame? Why， ！It was the childs fault, clear and simple. He suddenly came out between two parked cars. （2006北京卷）A. both B. each C. either D. neither解析D。该句只保留了主语，全句是：neither was to blame!3. How did you find your visit to Qingdao, Joanna? . （2006山东卷）A. Oh, wonderful indeed B. I went there alone C. First by train and then by ship D. A guide showed me the way解析A。该句只保留宾语补足语，全句是：I found my visit to Qingdao wonderful indeed.思路点拨：在简单句或情景对话中，常常省略大家都知道的内容或不会引起歧义的部分，而只保留主干部分。二、动词不定式的省略4. You should have thanked her before you left.I meant , but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere. （2000上海春季）A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing so解析B。该句将不定式后面的与问句相同的部分省略了，而只保留了不定式符号to，全句是：I meant to thank her before I left.5. Sandy could do nothing but to his teacher that he was wrong.（2001上海春季）A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit解析A。do nothing but或nothing to do but之后的不定式符号to通常省略。思路点拨：在同一句或同一组情景对话中，常把不定式符号to后面的同等成分省略，只保留不定式符号to，如果该不定式中含be, have, have been时，则要保留。三、 状语从句中的省略6. When help, one often says “Thank you.” or “Its kind of you.” （2005福建卷）A. offeringB. to offerC. to be offeredD. offered解析D。该句实际上是状语从句的省略，即：When one is offered help.7. for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. （2006福建卷）A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed解析B。该句前半句是原因状语从句简化为分词短语作状语：Because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network.思路点拨：在含有状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句主语与从句主语相同（或从句主语是it)，并且从句中含有be动词，那么通常将从句中的主语和be动词一起省略（有时还可以将连词一并省略）。四、 定语从句中的省略8. Do you have anything to say for yourselves?Yes, theres one point we must insist on（2006江西卷）A why B where C how D /解析D。定语从句中insist on缺少宾语，而关系代词作宾语时可以省略。9. There are hundreds of visitors in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings.（2006上海春季）A. waited B. to wait C. waitingD. wait解析C。该句横线上应该是定语从句who are waiting.结构，将who are 省略就成了分词短语作定语。10. Franks dream was to have his own shop to produce the workings of his own hands.（2005湖南卷）A. that B. in which C. by which D. how解析B。此题考查的是定语从句的简化。定语从句可以简化为“介词 which whomto do sth.”，“在自己的店中”用介词in。思路点拨：在定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时通常可以省略；当定语从句是由“关系代词 be动词 其它成分”时，往往可以省略关系代词和be动词；在“介词 关系代词”引导定语从句的时候，有时还可以将该定语从句省略为“介词 关系代词 to do sth.”结构。五、情景对话中的省略11. Michael was late for Mr. Smiths oral class this morning. ? As far as I know, he never came late to class （2006年江西卷）A. How come B. So what C. Why not D. What for解析A。该句是How come Michael was late for Mr. Smiths oral class this morning?的省略，强调说话人的情感。12. How about putting some pictures into the report? A picture is worth a thousand words.（2005江苏卷）A. No way. B. Why not? C. All right? D. No matter.解析B。该句是Why dont we put some pictures into the report?的简化。思路点拨：在情景对话中，当表示对对方提出疑义时，多用特殊疑问词来提问，表示强烈的情绪，如：不满、赞赏等。六、 一般疑问句答语中的省略13. Must he come to sign this paper himself?Yes, he . （2006广东卷）A. need B. must C. may D. will解析B。该句是一般疑问句的简单回答。完整回答是：He must come to sign this paper himself.思路点拨：在对一般疑问句的简单回答中，往往只保留主语和助动词而省略其它成分。七、 比较级中的省略14. I dont think this film is by far the most boring. I have seen .（2006江西卷）A. better B. worse C. the best D. the worst解析B。根据前半句可知该句含比较概念，补全为：I have seen a worse one than this film.思路点拨：在比较级结构中，有时可以将than后面的成分省略或干脆连than一起省略。八、 其它省略形式15. Brad was Janes brother! he reminded me so much of Jane!（2004浙江卷）A. No doubt B. Above all C. No wonder D. Of course解析C。该句是It was no wonder that he reminded me so much of Jane!的省略。思路点拨：在某些固定句型结构中，也往往将固定结构中的某些词省略，使句子简洁。16. The fat lady jumped off the floor, screaming, as if by a snake.（2007南通模考）A. to have been bitten B. bitten C. being bitten D. to be bitten解析B。该句是as if she was bitten by a snake的省略。思路点拨：在as if引导的从句中，如果从句是“主语系动词”结构，则可以省略从句中的主语和系动词，保留其它成分。此外，在一些特殊文体中往往也采用省略形式来节省空间和书写时间，如广告牌、标语牌及报纸标省 略省略句的基本用法如下：一、为避免重复而进行的省略。当一个句子中有两个或更多相同成分出现时，往往只保留第一个，其余的省略，以使句子简练。如：You are going to Beijing on holiday, and they (are going) to Shanghai (on holiday).二、状语从句中的省略。1. 如果状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，而且状语从句谓语中有be动词，可以将状语从句的主语连同be动词一起省略。如：He hurt himself while (he was) climbing the mountain.2. 在than或asas引导的从句中。在than或asas引导的从句中，有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下常被省略。如：He is even slower than (he was) before.He handles great things as easily as (he handles) small things.3. if的常用省略结构。常用的有if any, if ever, if so, if not, if necessary, if possible等。如：Few, if any, will survive here. Do you enjoy challenges at work?If so, what kinds of challenges have you faced?三、省略不定式中的动词，只保留不定式符号to。在同一个句子或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，不定式to后面的内容常常被省略，只保留to。常用于动词refuse, would like / love, wish, want, hope, expect, intend, plan等动词及形容词happy, glad, willing, ready等之后。如：You can go home if you want to (go home). Will you join us in the discussion? Id be glad to (join you in the discussion).注意：不定式to之后的动词是be或助动词have时，要保留to后的be 或have。否定形式的省略用not to。四、替代省略。1. 用so替代前面所说的话。可用于动词think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, guess, hope等后面。肯定回答结构为“主语+动词+so”，否定回答结构为 “主语+助动词否定形式+动词+so”，但动词为hope, guess时，否定回答只能说hope (guess) not。 Will his father punish him? I think so. Is he angry with us? I guess not.2. 在be afraid, of course, certainly, perhaps, why等后面可用so或not替代前面所说的话。如： Is he feeling better today? Im afraid not.3. 用one, that替代句子中重复出现的名词、代词或句子。one具有泛指性质，可替代人或物，常用来替代单数或复数可数名词(复数用ones)，不能替代不可数名词，可以有前置或后置定语。that常用来替代可数或不可数名词，后面常跟有in或of短语作后置定语(复数用those)，that往往表示特指。如：The weather is hotter than that in New York. I have a brother, one in the army.五、习惯用法上的省略。在口语中，常省略主语、主语和助动词、谓语或部分谓语、宾语、大部分句子。如：(I) Hope to see you again.(Do you) Understand?(I beg your) Pardon?(Does) Anybody know the fact?【练一练】I. Make the best choices.1. Did you know anything about the results of the test? .A. Not until you told meB. Until you told me notC. Not you told meD. Until not you told me2. One side of the card should be painted black, and.A. the other is red B. another is redC. the other red D. another red3. Nothing can stop her son from playing computer games when he wants .A. / B. to C. so D. that4. The waiter gave me a better service than .A. he gave Henry B. that of HenrysC. Henrys D. those of Henry5. I always turn to my brother.A. When trouble B. When in troubleC. In trouble D. When me in trouble6. Will your father visit the exhibition and buy a new motorbike for you ? .A. I dont think B. I dont think notC. I dont think it D. I dont think so7. The music is as sweet as we heard yesterday.A. one B. thatC. this D. which8. Will your mother come to pick you up? .A. I am not afraid so B. So afraid am IC. Im afraid not D. Im afraidII. Rewrite the following sentences by taking out the unnecessary parts.1. Do you like the 3G phone? Yes, I like the 3G phone very much.2. What you said just now made me happy, but what you said just now made her angry.3. I love you than she loves you.4. Are you a football player? No, but I used to be a football player.5. Lily may not be at home then. If she is not at home, leave her a message.6. Carol wont come to the meeting unless it is necessary.7. Why were you late for work this morning? I was late for work this morning because I helped a stranger on the way.8. Bruce didnt join us, but he ought to have joined us.Key:I. 1-5 ACBAB 6-8 DBCII. 1. 去掉I like the 3G phone2. 去掉what you said just now made3. 去掉loves you4. 去掉答语中的a football player5. she is not at home so6. 去掉it is7. 去掉I was late for work this morning8. 去掉joined us题等。如：No smoking (is allowed in the office).等。一、考查时间、条件、让步状语从句中主谓结构的省略在时间、条件和让步状语从句中，若主从句主语相同，或从句主语为it，谓语动词又含有be，可将从句主语和谓语的一部分(特别是be)省去。例1 Though _ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. (2010全国卷II)A. surprising B. was surprisedC. surprised D. being surprised析：C。Though后面省略he / she was，因此空档应填surprised。例2 The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _ regularly, can improve our health. (2010浙江)A. being carried out B. carrying outC. carried out D. to carry out析：C。if后面省略it is，因此空档应填carried out。二、考查对话性陈述句中双方都知道的句子成分的省略对话性陈述句中有些句子成分因双方都知道可以省略，这不但不影响句意的准确表达，反而突出了需要强调的内容。可以省略的句子成分常为：主语；谓语或谓语一部分；宾语；主语和谓语。例 Dad! Toms broken a glass!_. Accidents will happen. (2007四川)A. No way B. Doesnt matterC. No trouble at all D. Dont mention it析：B。由Accidents will happen可以推出答话者认为汤姆打坏一只玻璃杯没什么关系，因此该空应填Doesnt matter，前面省略主语it。三、考查不定式中原形动词的省略对话性语境中使用不定式时为避免重复常省略上文已提到的原形动词。例1 Whats the matter with Della? Well, her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party, but she still _. (2009江苏)A. hopes to B. hopes soC. hopes not D. hopes for析：A。空档本为hopes to go to the party，因go to the party与上文重复，可以省略。例2 Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class? _, but I promised Nancy to go out with her. (2008全国卷I)A. Id like to B. I like itC. I dont D. I will析：A。空档后面