分类词汇.doc

#分类词汇-农业#grass草；grassland草地；meadow草甸；prairie大草原；pasture land牧场；land, soil土壤；arable land, tilled land耕地；dry soil旱田；fertile soil沃土,肥沃的土壤；humus腐殖质；irrigable land水浇地；lean soil, poor soil贫瘠土壤；wasteland, barren land荒地；【美剧口语】1.Are you obsessed with me?你为我着迷了吗?2.We cant bug them again.我们不能再麻烦他们了.3.This guy is pissing me off.这家伙正激怒我.4.Our backs are against the wall.我们走投无路了.5.Things should be winding down around now.事情应该很快就接近尾声了【派对】Christmas party 圣诞晚会 luncheon party 午餐会 fancy ball 化妆舞会 commemorative party 纪念宴会 a wedding reception 结婚宴会 banquet 酒宴 pajama party 睡衣派对 buffet party 立食宴会 cocktail party 鸡尾酒会 welcome meeting 欢迎会 farewell party 惜别会【各种人】1.一根筋儿 one track-minded 2.出众的人 a lulu 3.两面派 two-faced 4傻大个儿 a lummox 5.收破烂儿的人 a rag man 6.乡巴佬 a hayseed 7.不三不四的人riff-raffs 8.受气包儿 doormat 9.面无表情的人 a deadpan 10.扫帚星 a jinx【关于eyes的用法】1.Eyes and no eyes 观察力敏锐的与迟钝的；不善于观察的；有眼无珠的；(用作书刊名)观察2.Eye sb. up 含情脉脉地看着某人3.Eyes front！(口令)向前看！4.Eyes right(left)！(口令)向右(左)看；向右(左)看齐！5.Feast ones eyes on 看着以饱眼福，尽情地看着欣赏【关于eyes的用法】1.Get(keep)ones eyes in(英)具有目测球的距离和方向的能力；眼光准确；2.Give sb. the(glad)eyes(口)向某人抛媚眼(送秋波)3.Have an eye for 很能看出(鉴赏，识别)e.g. have an eye for proportion (beauty) 很懂得匀称(审美)【关于eyes的用法】1.Eyes and no eyes 观察力敏锐的与迟钝的；不善于观察的；有眼无珠的；(用作书刊名)观察；2.Eye sb. up 含情脉脉地看着某人；3.Eyes front！(口令)向前看！4.Eyes right(left)！(口令)向右(左)看；向右(左)看齐！5.Feast ones eyes on 看着以饱眼福，尽情地看着欣赏【关于eyes的用法】1.Clap eyes on(口)看见；注视，看；惊奇地看，惊异地看2.Close ones eyes to 闭眼不(愿)看；不理会；不愿考虑3.Cry ones eyes out 大哭，哭肿眼睛，痛哭流涕4.Do sb. in the eyes 欺骗(愚弄)某人；叫某人上当5.Easy on the eye(s)(口)悦目的，好看的，美丽的，漂亮的 【关于eyes的用法】1.Be all eyes(口)极注意地看着，目不转睛；十分专注，非常留神；2.Before(in front of)sb.s(very)eyes 就在某人眼前；当着某人的面；公开地；3.Cast ones eyes over 审视，评估；4.Catch sb.s eyes 被某人看到；引起某人注意；引某人注意 【关于eyes的用法】1.Open (close) ones eyes 睁开(闭上)眼睛；2.See with ones own(very)eyes 亲眼目睹；3.Their eyes met。他们的眼光相遇了；4.Have a sharp(discerning)eye 有敏锐的目光；5.View sth. with a friendly eye 用友好的眼光看待某事物 【关于eyes的用法】1.A good eye for distances 能望到远处的好视力；2.Out of the public eye 不为公众所注意；3.In my eyes, that will do. 我看那样能行。；4.Eye sb. narrowly 端详某人；5.An eye for an eye (eye for eye) 以眼还眼，采用同样手段还击(报复【文化误译】他这人总是指鹿为马【原译】He is a man who always calls a deer a horse.【改译】He is a man who always calls white black.点评：指鹿为马源自秦二世丞相赵高的一个历史典故，指鹿为马形容一个人是非不分，颠倒黑白。翻译成英文时，只能意译。若直译，英美人无法理解其含义。【常用英语语法术语】选择疑问句 alternative question;附加疑问句 tag question;反义疑问句 disjunctive question;修辞疑问句 rhetorical question;感叹疑问句 exclamatory question;存在句 existential sentence;肯定句 positive sentence 【常用英语语法术语】复合句 complex sentence；并列复合句 compound complex sentence；陈述句 declarative sentence；疑问句 interrogative sentence；一般疑问句 general question；特殊疑问句 special question 【常用英语语法术语】真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of real condition；非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition ；错综条件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition；句子 sentence ；简单句 simple sentence；并列句 compound sentence 【常用英语语法术语】原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause；结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result；目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose；条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition；含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of implied condition【常用英语语法术语】宾语从句 object clause；主语从句 subject clause；同位语从句 appositive clause；时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time；地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place；方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner；让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession 【常用英语语法术语】原形 base form；从句 clause；从属句 subordinate clause；并列句 coordinate clause；名词从句 nominal clause；定语从句 attributive clause；状语从句 adverbial clause【常用英语语法术语】基数词 cardinal numeral；序数词 ordinal numeral；分数词 fractional numeral；形式 form；单数形式 singular form；复数形式 plural form；限定动词 finite verb form ；非限定动词 non-finite verb form【常用英语语法术语】方式副词 adverb of manner;程度副词 adverb of degree;时间副词 adverb of time;地点副词 adverb of place;修饰性副词 adjunct;连接性副词 conjunct;疑问副词 interogative adverb ;关系副词 relative adverb 【常用英语语法术语】不定代词 indefinite pronoun；物主代词 possecive pronoun；名词性物主代词 nominal possesive prnoun；形容词性物主代词 adjectival possesive pronoun；冠词 article；定冠词 definite article；不定冠词 indefinite article；数词 numeral 【常用英语语法术语】代词 pronoun;人称代词 personal pronoun;物主代词 possesive pronoun;反身代词 reflexive pronoun;相互代词 reciprocal pronoun;指示代词 demonstrative pronoun;疑问代词 interrogative pronoun ;关系代词 relative pronoun 【be the best thing that ever happened to me.】 指是我碰过最好的事。其实这句话并不难，光看字面意思就能感受得到说出口的时机。所以当想大力推崇某人或某事，表达你对遇到它(他)们的感激与感动，就牢记此句，好用无比。【给力求职短语】break an agreement 违约；self-assessment 自我评估；constructive criticism 有益的批评；enhance the efficiency 提升效率；enhance customer loyalty 增强客户忠诚度；future projection 长远规划；strive for sth. 努力（追求）；do ones utmost 竭力【零食控】巧克力 chocolate;薯片 crisps;棉花糖 marshmallow;棒棒糖 lollipop;果冻 jelly;爆米花 popcorn;冰淇淋 ice cream;开心果 pistachio nut;饼干 biscuit;葡萄干 raisin;花生 peanut;瓜子seeds;蛋挞 custard tart;or 曲奇 cookie【性格品质】cool-minded 头脑冷静的；open-minded 开明的；persevering 坚韧的；earnest 热心的，认真的；learned 有学问的；frank 直率的；genteel 有教养的；apprehensive 有理解力的；audacious 大胆创新的；candid 公正的，率直的；logical 有逻辑头脑的【常用短语】by way of 经由,通过方法 before long 不久以后 by iteslf 自动地,独自地 by means of 用,依靠 by oneself 单独地,独自地 by reson of 由于 by the way 顺便说说 by virtue of 借助,由于 by mistake 错误地,无意地 by no means 决不,并没有 【文化误译】他瘦的像猴子一样【原译】He is as thin as a monkey.【改译】He is as thin as a lath.点评：中文中，说某人“瘦的跟猴子一样”很形象。但在英美人眼中未必会产生相同的联想。所以改译更容易让英美人理解【新闻词汇】complainant原告；complaint控告；condemn宣告.有罪；confess坦白；供认；confidence game诈骗；confirmed证实了的；connivance(对他人犯罪的)默许；connive默许；共谋；constable(英)警察；convict宣判.有罪；convictism流放制度；copyright版权 【新闻词汇】cononer验尸官；corporal property有形财产；corpus文集；counsellor法律顾问；counterfeit money伪币；court法院；creative accounting造假账；crime罪行；criminal conversation通奸；cross check(从多方面的)反复核实；culprit犯人；刑事被告；custody拘留；监禁【新闻词汇】case law判例法（区别于成文法）；chance-murder过失杀人；charge控告，指控；chief首席的；CID(英)刑事调查部；civic rights公民权；civil民事的；claim声称；collateral evidence旁证；comb彻底搜查；commit犯罪；commute减轻（刑罚）【新闻词汇】bond保释金；book因.被警方登记；borstal(英)少年犯教养所；break-in闯入，盗窃；bribe贿赂；bribee受贿者；bring an accusation against sb.对某人提起公诉；brutality暴行；burglar夜盗；夜贼；burgle破门盗窃；capital可处死的；capture逮捕 【新闻词汇】backbite诽谤，背后中伤；bail保释；bailiff(美)法警；bank robbery银行抢劫；benefit of the doubt(证据不足情况下)假定无罪；black flag海盗旗；blackmail敲诈；blood revenge血仇的报复；bloodstained犯杀人罪的；bodyguard保镖，警卫；body search搜身 【新闻词汇】annulment取消，无效；appeal上诉；apprehension逮捕；arbitration仲裁；armed robbery劫持武器抢劫；arrest warrant逮捕证；assault侵犯人身；at large逍遥法外；attempted murder杀人未遂罪；attorney律师；autopsy现场验证；验尸【常用短语】make sense 讲得通,言之有理 lose heart 失去勇气,丧失信心 lose ones head 慌乱 lose ones temper 发脾气 lose sight of 忘记,忽略;看不见 make friends 交朋友 make fun of 取笑,嘲弄 make ones way 去,前往 make a /the difference 有影响,起作用【工资】1)Salary薪水 2)Wage时薪 3)Deductions扣除 4)Income tax个人所得税 5)Pension养老金 6)Medical医疗保险 7)Net净工资 8)Bonuses奖金 9)Raise加薪 10)Pay rate工资标准 11)Pay period工资周期 12) Pay stub工资存根 13)Commissions佣金 14)Direct deposit直接存入 【文化误译】汤姆像猪一样笨【原译】Tom is as silly as a pig.【改译】Tom is as silly as an ass.点评：说一个人笨，汉语常用猪做喻体，但在英美人眼中猪只是好吃，并不笨。英语形容“笨”喻体是ass或者goose#托业短语# on the average (=on average, on an average) 平均 ； . (be) aware of (=be conscious of , having knowledge or consciousness)意识到,知道；at the back of (=behind) 在后面； in the back of 在后部(里面)；on the back of 在后部(外面)；#俗语翻译#1.It is hard to please all. 众口难调； 2.Out of sight,out of mind. 眼不见，心不念；3.Facts speak plainer than words. 事实胜于雄辩。4.Call back white and white back. 颠倒黑白。5.First things first. 凡事有轻重缓急。#地道口语# 1.Dont chicken out.Be a man. 不要退缩了。2.Its full of hot air. 这是雷声大雨点小。3.He told me to get lost. 他叫我走开。4.Whats in it for me? = Whats my cut? = Whats my share? 我有什么好处？5.I got a big kick out of it. 这件事真令我开心。美剧笔记】1.Hush now.安静！2.Fair enough.有道理。3.Head on home.回家吧。4.Youre all lame.你们真逊！5.Quite the temper.脾气不小啊！6.No turning back.没得反悔了。7.Call it a hunch.就当是直觉吧。8.Well,the verdicts in.有结果了。9.Dont be an ass.别那么蠢。10.Dont leave out the hard part.不要避重就轻。11.If you want to make an omelet, you have to break a few eggs.舍不得孩子套不住狼。【文化误译】他干起活来像只老黄牛【原译】He works as an old ox.【改译】He works like a horse.点评 ：在英语中work as an old ox是形容“干起活来慢慢吞吞，效率低”，英语中比喻“做事勤勤恳恳”的喻体是horse，而不是ox。 #谚语# You roll my log and Ill roll yours.互相吹嘘；You must reap what you have sown.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆；You cannot clap with one hand. 孤掌难鸣。【舞蹈】classical dancing古典舞； ballet芭蕾舞；corps de ballet芭蕾舞团；ballet dancer 芭蕾舞演员；tutu, ballet skirt芭蕾舞短裙；ballet shoe芭蕾舞鞋；choreography芭蕾舞舞蹈设计； steps 舞步；ballroom dance舞厅舞； ballroom, dance hall舞厅；dancing partner 舞伴；folk dance民间舞【让价格战来得更猛烈些吧】price war=价格战，cut price=减价，raise price=提价，half price=半价，full price=全价，high-priced=高价的，pricey=昂贵的，priceless=无价的，price tag=价格标签，selling price=要价， at any price=不惜任何代价，not at any price=不管怎样【地道口语】1.My time is your time!请你吩咐！2.Its a date.一言为定。3.Thats a steal.真便宜。4.She has no sense.她不懂事。5.Its not a big deal.没什么了不起。6.Have a good of it.玩得高兴。7.None of your keyhole.不准偷看。8.I cant make two ends meet.我是月光一族。【文化误译】He ate like a horse.【原译】他吃的像马一样【改译】他狼吞虎咽。点评：在英语中eat like a horse应该翻译成“狼吞虎咽”，这属于约定俗成。 【文学词集】drama话剧；comedy喜剧；tragedy悲剧；farce滑稽剧；play 剧本；playwright编剧；act幕；scene场；plot情节；intrigue 错综复杂的剧情；story 故事；episode逸事；ending, denouement结局；poetry诗歌；poem诗；epic poetry史诗；epopee叙事诗；ode颂歌；sonnet十四行诗 【常用口语】1.Whats the gag? 这里面有什么奥妙？2.Drop dead.走开点。3.Whats eating you? 你有什么烦恼？4.He double-crossed me.他出卖了我。5.Its my cup of tea.这很合我胃口。6.Oh,my aching back!天啊，真糟！7.Im beat.我累死了。8No dice.不行。【文化误译】老刘是个多面手【原译】Lao Liu is a jack of all trades.【改译】Lao Liu is a versatile person.点评：多面手也就是指“怀有多种技能的人”。a jack of all trades是指“样样都干，样样不精的人”，显然不符合句意。#作文必备好词# 1.无言以对 not find ones tongue；2. 把人逼疯send somebody the loony bin；3. 反手一击turn the tables 4.对牛弹琴 cast pearls before swine 5瞧一眼 give someone the once-over；eg:Hearing that the actress had arrived, everyone went out and gave her the once-over#马戏# travelling circus巡回马戏团；circus wagon(马戏团的)大篷车； big top大帐篷,马戏篷；tent帐篷 ring, arena场地；tier看台 master of ceremonies, M.C.节目主持人,司仪；parade, cavalcade列队行进；circus act马戏节目；trick rider, equestrian acrobat 马戏演员【音乐】staff, stave 五线谱;rest 休止符;semitone 半音;pause 休止; time, bar 拍子;rhythm 节奏;major key 大调;minor key 小调; scale 音阶;chord 和弦,谐音;lyrics, words 歌词;score 总谱,乐谱;counterpoint 多声部音乐;band 管乐队;solo 独奏,独唱;duet, duo 二重奏,二重唱 【文化误译】他红光满面【原译】His face is very red.【改译】He looks so healthy and full of pep.点评：红光满面是形容一个人气色好，精力充沛。【新闻词汇】abduct诱拐，绑架；abortion流产；accident事故；accidental homicide过失杀人；accomplice同谋；帮凶；accuse控诉；action诉讼；aerial piracy劫持飞机；affidavit口供；誓言；aftereffect余波影响；alimony(离婚后一方给另一方的)赡养费；alias化名 【英语俚语】back on track重上轨道（改过自新）；backfire逆火（弄巧成拙，适得其反）；ball and chain 铁球铁链，甜蜜的枷（老婆）；beat a dead horse 鞭打死马令其奔驰（徒劳）；beaten by the ugly stick 被丑杖打过（生得难看）；bet your life 把命赌上（绝对错了）#听懂BBC必备词汇# 1.Hot potato 使人厌恶的事 2.In the doghouse 失宠 3.In the red 赤字 4.Joe Blow 普通人，常人 5.John Henry 罢名，签名 6.Lady-killer 使女人倾倒的男人 7.Left-over 剩饭#托福口语素材#表达气愤时- 1. Stop complaining! 别发牢骚！ 2. You make me sick! 你真让我感到恶心! 3. Whats wrong with you? 你怎么回事? 4. You shouldnt have done that! 你真不应该那样做! 5. Youre a jerk! 你这个废物/混球!【口语】1.Youre so yellow.你是个胆小鬼 2.Dont be impudent!别放肆！3.I hate your guts.我恨死你了 4.How could you hold it back?你干吗瞒我呀？5.You egged me on.是你怂恿我的 6.Thats just a side issue.那不是主要问题 7.You backed the wrong horse.你找错人了 8.Im punkd.我被耍了【常用短语】1.big bucks 一大笔钱 2.make a fast buck 一下子赚得一笔钱，多指不义之财 3.feel/look a million bucks 感觉精神非常好 4.pass the buck 推脱责任 5.buck somebody up 使某人振作精神 6.buck up 在英式口语中有“加油，快点”的意思 【秒杀潮语】武侠片 martial arts film；封面报道 cover story；跳槽 jump ship；闪婚 flash marriage；闪电约会 speeddating；闪电恋爱 whirlwind romance；刻不容缓，紧要关头 crunch time；健身 bodybuilding 【新闻词汇】vanguard前卫，尖兵；先头部队；vassal troops附庸军；volley(枪炮的)群射；volunteer troops志愿军；war战争；war lord军阀；war game军事演习；warworn饱受战争的；watertight blockade最严密的封锁；white alert(空袭的)接触警报；wing空军联队 【汉英误译】激动人心的时刻到了【原译】Then the exciting moment came.【改译】Then came the exciting moment.点评：由then引起，由come作谓语动词的句子，经常使用倒装。【五险一金】endowment insurance 养老保险；medical insurance 医疗保险；unemployment insurance 失业保险；employment injury insurance 工伤保险；maternity insurance 生育保险；housing fund 住房公积金【口语】1.Youre so yellow.你是个胆小鬼 2.Dont be impudent!别放肆！3.I hate your guts.我恨死你了 4.How could you hold it back?你干吗瞒我呀？5.You egged me on.是你怂恿我的 6.Thats just a side issue.那不是主要问题 7.You backed the wrong horse.你找错人了 8.Im punkd.我被耍了 【秒杀潮语】非难 a kick in the pants;挥金如土 spend money like water意外怀孕 unplanned pregnancy;人流 abortion;避孕措施 contraceptives;生殖健康 reproductive health;海外代购 overseas purchasing;试镜 screen test ;访谈节目 chat show;智力竞赛节目 quiz show 【新闻词汇】universal military service普遍兵役制；unlimited war全面战争；unprovoked attack无端攻击；unscrupulous bombing狂轰乱炸；unserviceable troops无战斗力的部队；unwritten cease-fire口头的停战；USCG美国海岸警卫队 【英语俚语】big headed 大脑袋（傲慢，自大）;bigger fish to fry 有更大的鱼要炸（有更重要的事要办）;bite the bullet 咬子弹（强忍痛苦）;birds of a feather flock together 羽毛相同的鸟总飞成一群（物以类聚）;blow up in you face 在眼前爆炸（事情完全弄砸了）#作文必备好词#1. have the world before one 前途远大 ；2.a narrow squeak 好险； 3. have the Midas touch 手气好；4.be on the gravy train 走运；5.be ripped off 让人给骗了;【早餐】豆浆Soybean milk 油条Fried bread stick 水饺Boiled dumplings 蒸饺Steamed dumplings 稀饭Porridge 馒头/小笼包Steamed (stuffed)buns 泡菜Pickle 烧饼Clay oven rolls 饭团Rice and vegetable roll 蛋饼Egg cakes 皮蛋