新标准大学英语 综合教程1 答案Unit1-4.doc

Unit 1Active reading 14 Match the words and expressions in the boxwith their definitions.1 to make a sincere statement that you are telling the truth (swear)2 a piece of flesh that connects bones and moves a particular part of yourbody (muscle)3 to make you admire or respect someone (impress)4 to drink in small amounts (sip)5 a period of time between two events (gap)6 to arrive somewhere and give your personal details to the person workingat the reception desk (check in)5 Replace the underlined words with thecorrect form of the words and expressions in the box.1 There was only just enough room for two people. (barely)2 Be careful or youll accidentally pour your drink down your clothes. (spill)3 He was completely unaware of what to do in the library. (ignorant)4 She was very clever and got excellent grades. (intelligent)5 You write your name on the list to join the club. (sign up)6 She tells me that shes definitely read the book. (assures)She assures me that shes read the book.7 I need to go and buy some tea, I have finished it all. (run out of)I need to go and buy some tea, I have run out of it.6 Answer the questions about the words andexpressions.1 Is a warden likely to be (a) a teacher at the college, or (b) someonewho looks after the hall of residence?2 Is a tutor likely to be (a) a teacher, or (b) astudent?3 If you go along somewhere, do you (a) go to aplace and join other people there, or (b) walk a long wayto get to a place?4 If you rent out a room, do you (a) paint and decorate it, or (b) allow itto be used by someone who pays you regularly to use it?Active reading 2Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Replace the underlined words with thecorrect form of the words in the box.1 When he speaks, people notice that he sounds Irish. (detect)2 Frank McCourt had read a lot of books which was deserving respect consideringhe had no high school education. (admirable)3 You can tell the students on the underground trains by the number ofbooks they carry. (subways)4 The woman in the admissions office suggests that his European educationis not good enough.(inadequate)5 The professor was writing very quickly in his notebook. (scribbling)6 Many immigrants came to America to escape extremely bad treatmentbecause of their race, religion or political beliefs in their own countries. (persecution)5 Answer the questions about the expressions.1 Im in heaven Does this mean Im (a) delighted, or (b)unhappy?2 ideas dont drop fully formed from the skies Does this mean thatideas (a) need to be developed with careful thinking, or (b) areimmediately created through good teaching?3 in the long run Does this mean (a) at a timein the future, or (b) with a great deal of effort?4 frighten the life out of someone Does this mean (a) to makesomeone very ill, or (b) to make someone extremely afraid andnervous?Language in usewith / without1 Match the sentences with the uses of with /without .1 (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 4 (c) 5 (c) 6 (d)2 Rewrite the sentences using with / without.1 Her tutor moves his head from side to side. He spills his coffee intothe saucer.With his head moving from side to side, her tutor spills his coffee intothe saucer.2 “Splendid,” he says. He doesnt wait for an answer.“Splendid,” he says, without waiting for an answer.3 Frank McCourt speaks in class. He has an Irish accent.Frank McCourt speaks in class with an Irish accent.4 He plans to go on the subway. He has the books covered in purple andwhite NYU jackets.He plans to go on the subway with the books covered in purple and whiteNYU jackets.5 Hes only allowed to take two courses. He isnt told why.Hes only allowed to take two courses without being told why.6 He would like to ask a question. He doesnt like to raise his hand.He would like to ask a question without raising his hand.collocations3 Read the explanations of the words andexpressions. Answer the questions.1 climb When you climb into / out of / throughsomething, you do it with difficulty.(a) So why does the writers father climb out of the room?Because the room is very small.(b) Why would you climb into bed?You would climb into bed if you are so tired that it feels like a hugeeffort.(c) If you climb through a hole, what do you do with your body?You would probably need to bend over, and crawl through the hole.2 spill This word usually suggests several ideas: liquid,accidentally, movement and out of control.(a) What has happened if youve spilt coffee all over your desk?You have accidentally knocked over a cup / mug and the coffee has gone(uncontrolled) all over thedesk.(b) What has happened if toys spilt out all over the carpet?The toys are in a container, such as a box, and either the box is too fullso some toys are falling outonto the carpet, or the box has been tipped over so most of the toys havefallen out of the box.(c) What might be happening if crowds were spilling out of the bars andrestaurants?Many people would be leaving the bars and restaurants all at once,probably because they were closingfor the night.3 join When you join something, you become part of it. Thewriter joins a queue, and several clubs.(a) When might someone join a band?When they can play a musical instrument and want to play with others.(b) What has happened if you join the unemployed?You have lost your job and become unemployed.(c) What do you do when you join in?You do the same activity that most other people are doing.4 burst into This phrase suggests that something suddenly happens,or someone suddenly starts doing something.(a) What does the writer suddenly start doing when she bursts intotears?The writer suddenly starts crying.(b) What bursts into bloom?Flowers, when they emerge from buds.(c) What do you do when something bursts into flames?Put out the flames immediately if you can, or keep well clear and call theemergency services (thefire brigade).5 clean This word usually suggests several ideas: not dirty, notillegal or wrong, without problems,inoffensive.(a) If youve got a clean licence, what have or havent you done?This refers to a driving licence. It means that you have been drivingsafely or at least you have nopenalty points on the licence a person gets such points as a punishmentafter breaking the law onthe roads, eg speeding or causing an accident, and the licence then has anote on it (its not “clean”)and the police have a record.(b) If you use clean language, what do you avoid saying?You avoid using swear words or other examples of bad language.(c) If something has a clean bill of health, is it healthy orworking correctly?Here this phrase is used metaphorically and means something is workingproperly, for example, acar might have a clean bill of health, after a check or test thatit is working properly.6 easy This word usually suggests that something is not difficultor doesnt need much work. It can also suggest that a person is confident,happy and not worried about anything.(a) If someone is easy-going, how do they behave with other people?An easy-going person behaves in a relaxed, calm manner with othersand is happy to accept thingswithout getting worried or angry.(b) If someone is easy on the eye, how do they look?A person who is easy on the eye is pleasant to look at inappearance and in the way they dress.(c) If something is easier said than done, is it more or lessdifficult to do?When something is easier said than done, it is easy to talk about,but difficult to achieve.(d) If someone tells you to “Take it easy”, what are they tellingyou to do?When they tell you to “Take it easy” they can mean either of twothings: You should rest and not dothings that will make you tired, or you should keep calm, being less upsetor angry.4 Complete the sentences using thecollocations in Activity 3.1 If ever I spill out of my clothes, its because I have put on a lot of weight and my clothesdont fit me any more.2 The last time someone made me burst into tears was when I was asmall child and someone hurt me.3 I always use clean language when I talk to my teachers or parents.4 It was easier said than done when someone suggested that we should put the flag on thetop of the mountain.5 Ill never forget the time when I had to climb through a window becauseI was locked out of the house.6 Unfortunately I spilt water over myassignment, so I had to print another copy.7 When my friends suggested that they wanted to play football on thebeach, I decided to join in.8 When the cherry trees burst into bloom, I think of myvisit to Japan two years ago.9 I would only lose my clean licence if ever I had acar accident in which I was driving under theinfluence of alcohol.10 The people I think are easy on the eye are attractiveand pleasant to look at.5 Translate the sentences into Chinese.1 Finally, with my mother red in the face and short of breath, we find Room8, I unlock the door, and we all walk in.等我们终于找到8号房间的时候，妈妈已经涨红了脸，累得上气不接下气。我打开门锁，我们都走了进去。2 She impresses me, and I feel so ignorant that I shouldnt even breathethe same air as her.她给我留下了深刻的印象，我觉得自己太无知了，甚至不配跟她呼吸同样的空气。3 I dont know why I have to be introduced to literature but the woman inthe admissions office says its a requirement even though Ive read Dostoyevskyand Melville and thats admirable for someone without a high school education.我不知道为什么我非得了解文学。可是招生办公室的那位女士说，虽然我读过陀思妥耶夫斯基和梅尔维尔的小说，虽然一个没上过高中的人能读这些书的确令人敬佩，但这门课是必修课。4 Im in heaven and the first thing to do is buy the required textbooks,cover them with the purple and white NYU book jackets so that people in thesubway will look at me admiringly. 我乐得飘飘然了，第一件事就是去买所需要的课本，然后用纽约大学紫白相间的护封把它们套起来，这样地铁里的乘客就会向我投来艳羡的目光了。5 Then the professor tells us ideas dont drop fully formed from theskies, that the Pilgrims were, in the long run, children of the Reformationwith an accompanying world-view and their attitudes to children were soinformed. 接着，教授告诉我们，观念并不是从天而降的现成品。从长远来看，清教徒是宗教改革运动的产物，他们继承了宗教改革运动的世界观，并且他们对孩子的态度也由此体现了宗教改革运动的思想。6 Translate the sentences into English.1 他们对业余剧社的介绍给苏菲留下了深刻的印象，于是她就报了名。(Amateur Dramatics; sign up for)Theirintroduction of Amateur Dramatics impressed Sophie so much that she signed upfor it.2 网络教育为全职人员提供了利用业余时间接受继续教育的机会。(work full time)Onlineeducation provides those who work full time with opportunities to receivefurther education in their spare time.3 刚上大学时，他不知道是否需要把老师讲的内容一字不落地都记下来。(be supposed to; scribble down)When hefirst arrived at university, he was not sure whether he was supposed toscribble down every word out of the professors mouth.4 没有人觉察出他隐藏在笑容背后的绝望。(detect)No onedetects his despair well hidden behind his smile.5 有些学生能轻松自如地与陌生人交谈，可有些学生却很难做到这一点。(be easy about)Somestudents are easy about talking with strangers, while some others find it hardto do so.Unit 2Active reading oneDealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with theirdefinitions.1 honest about the situation or your opinions, even if this offends people(frank)2 a place that many people go to for a holiday (resort)3 tasting extremely good (yummy)4 containing a lot of liquid, so tasting good (juicy)5 dark in a way that makes you feel sad or a little afraid (gloomy)6 lack of experience of life (innocence)7 the ability to understand and make good judgments about something (perception)8 ideas, behaviour, or statements that are not true or sensible (nonsense)4 Replace the underlined words with thecorrect form of the words in the box.1 The waves were very large in size as they fell onto the beach. (enormous)2 There was so much seafood that it was holding tightly onto the plate. (clinging)3 In the area of land where they were visiting, it wasnt usual to eatfish and chips. (region)4 When he had eaten the shellfish, he got rid of the shells. (discarded)5 To eat shellfish you need special tools to break open the shells and digout the food. (implements; crack; scrape)6 The boy was especially fond of his mothers bread and cakes from theoven. (baking)7 Because theyre smooth, wet and quite difficult to hold, its quite achallenge to try your first oysters. (slippery)5 Answer the questions about the words in thebox.1 Which word means feeling? (emotion)2 Which word means a feeling that a situation is so bad that theres nothingyou can do to change it? (despair)3 Which word means to say youre not happy with someone or something? (complain)4 Which word describes how your face looks when youre annoyed or worriedabout something? (frown)5 Which word describes something that is unpleasant to taste, smell orsee? (nasty)6 Which word means to say something to someone in order to have fun byembarrassing or annoying them slightly? (tease)Active reading 2Dealing withunfamiliar words4 Answer the questions about the words andexpressions in the box.1 Is something stimulating likely to make you feel (a) moreactive, or (b) more passive?2 Are the properties of chocolate likely to be (a) itsfeatures, or (b) the way its made?3 If one thing accounts for another, does it explain (a) themeaning of it, or (b) the reason for it?4 Is something that is manufactured something (a) handmade, or (b) made in afactory?5 If chocolate helps release hormones from the brain, does it (a) help causehormones to leave the brain, or (b) contain hormones, then let them go?6 If you crush something, do you (a) press itstrongly, or (b) squeeze it gently?7 If you have inherited something, have you got it from (a)society, or (b) your parents?8 When something melts, does it become (a) solid, or (b) liquid?9 When you confess something, would you (a) tellpeople, or (b) not tell them?5 Replace the underlined words with thecorrect form of the words in the box.For a (1) product which you enjoy but dont really need, chocolate is extremely(2) beneficial to your health. Chocolate as we know it today first appeared inthe 1800s, when liquid chocolate was poured into a (3) shaped container to cooland become solid. Then the chocolate (4) maker Lindt discovered how to make chocolate(5) break easily by adding extra cocoa butter, and Daniel Peter first made milkchocolate using milk which had been (6) concentrated and then mixed with cocoa paste,which gave it a smoother (7) taste. But the (8) appeal for so many people ofchocolate is both an (9) inherited (10) characteristic and an effect of the 300chemicals it contains, including vitamins.Key: (1) luxury (2) nourishing (3) mould (4) manufacturer (5) snap(6) condensed (7) flavour (8) popularity (9) genetic (10) traitLanguage in usegiving extrainformation1 Rewrite the sentences.1 The restaurant was in a French seaside resort by the Atlantic Ocean. Youget excellent seafood from theAtlantic Ocean.The restaurant was in a French seaside resort by the Atlantic Ocean, whereyou get excellent seafood.2 My father had decided to take me for lunch to a restaurant. He wanted meto try my first oyster.My father, who wanted me to try my first oyster, had decided to take mefor lunch to a restaurant.3 The oyster was unlike anything I have ever tasted before or since. Itwas slippery.The oyster, which was slippery, was unlike anything I have ever tastedbefore or since.4 Chocolate is made from the beans of the cacao tree, Theobroma cacao.Theobroma cacao means “foodof the gods”.Chocolate is made from the beans of the cacao tree, Theobroma cacao, whichmeans “food of the gods”.5 The worlds best-selling type of chocolate, milk chocolate, didntappear until the end of the 19thcentury. Milk chocolate is sweeter and smoother than dark chocolate.The worlds best-selling type of chocolate, milk chocolate, which issweeter and smoother than darkchocolate, didnt appear until the end of the 19th century.6 Daniel Peter perfected the process of making milk chocolate. He was Swiss.Daniel Peter, who was Swiss, perfected the process of making milkchocolate.leaving out words2 Rewrite the sentences.1 . and the waiter had already brought an enormous portion of seafood, crabs,prawns, lobsters and all sorts of shellfish which were clinging onto each other. and the waiter had already brought an enormous portion of seafood, crabs,prawns, lobsters and all sorts of shellfish clinging onto each other .2 On his plate was a pile of discarded lobster claws, and alongside was abattery of implements which were used to crack the shells .On his plate was a pile of discarded lobster claws, and alongside was abattery of implements used to crack the shells .3 The next development was learning how to get cocoa butter from the beans,a process which was first tried in 1825.The next development was learning how to get cocoa butter from the beans,a process first tried in 1825.4 Condensed milk is a thick, sweet milk which is sold in cans.Condensed milk is a thick, sweet milk sold in cans.5 Hormones are a chemical substance which is produced by your body.Hormones are a chemical substance produced by your body.word formation3 Form new words with the following words andthe prefixes / suffixes in the table.air airsick car carsick fiction non-fiction help helpfulsea seasick shop shopaholic smoker non-smoker spoon spoonfulstop non-stop work workaholic4 Answer the questions with the words youformed in Activity 3.Whats the word for:1 how you feel if the sea makes you ill? (seasick)2 someone who likes shopping a lot? (shopaholic)3 what something is if it is useful and providing help? (helpful)4 what a flight is if it goes directly from one place to another? (non-stop)5 someone who doesnt smoke? (non-smoker)6 writing which is about real people and events, not imaginary ones? (non-fiction)5 Translate the sentences into Chinese.1 Outside the skies were grey and a strong wind was blowing off