LCT发电机励磁技术说明书0708(中英文.doc

LCT微机励磁控制器 技术说明书 LCT Digital Excitation Controller Technical Instruction同步发电机Synchronous GeneratoritationLCT系列微机励磁控制器LCT Digital Excitation Controller技术说明书Technical Instruction上海赛奥自动化控制设备有限公司SHANGHAI SAIAO AUTOMATION CONTROL EQUIPMENT CO.,LTD目录 Contents1、概述Summary22、适用范围Available range33、主要特点 Main Specifications54、主要功能 Main function115、主要技术指标 Main technical index126、系统及硬件体系结构 System and hardware structure1361 LCT系列微机励磁调节器的总体设计 LCT digital excitation controllers general design:1362 硬件部分 Hardware part:14621 主机板 CPU board15622 直流信号处理及脉冲放大板 DC signal board23623 交流信号处理板 AC signal board25624 电源板 Power source board26625 继电器板 Relay board277、软件说明 Software explanation2871 主程序 Main program2872中断程序 Interrupt program318、使用条件 Use Condition389、外部连接 Outside connection3910、运输及储存 Transport and store391、概述Summary励磁调节装置是发电机的重要组成部分，无论是在暂态过程或稳态运行，同步发电机的运行状态在很大程度上与励磁有关，也就是说，一个优良的励磁控制系统不仅可以保证发电机运行的可靠性和稳定性，而且可以有效地提高发电机及与其相联的电力系统的技术经济指标。Voltage Regulator is a very important part to make up the generator, no matter transient or stable, synchronous generator operating state has something to do with excitation in great degree,in other words, a perfect voltage regulator controlling system can not only guarantee the reliability and stability of the generator operating, but also actually improve technical and economical index of the generator and which connecting with electric power system.LCT型微机励磁调节装置，是适用于同步发电机组的新一代的微机励磁调节装置。我国第一代微机励磁产品采用Z80、8031、8086、8098、80c196等单片机、单板机构成，随着计算机科学的飞速发展，新一代的微机励磁产品CPU多采用DSP高速数字信号处理芯片构成，运算速度快，硬件设计也更为简单，具有明显的优越性。 LCT type digital excitation controller, is suitable to the new series of digital excitation controller of the synchronous generator group . Our countrys first generation of digital excitation controllers adopt Z80,8031,8086,8098,80c196 single chip machines, single board machines to be made up. As the computer technical improves rapidly, new generation of digital excitation controllers CPU mostly adopt the DSP high-speed signal processing chip, it has high calculation speed, whats more, the design of hardware is easy, it has obvious advantages. LCT型微机励磁调节装置，是我公司自行研制的高科技产品，它以DSP芯片为核心，具有更简单的硬件结构和极其丰富的软件功能，采用先进的控制理论及全数字化的微机控制技术，该产品具有极高的性能价格比，其主要技术指标均达到或优于部颁“大、中型水轮发电机静止整流励磁系统及装置技术条件”、“大型汽轮发电机自并励静止励磁系统技术条件”和“大、中型同步发电机励磁系统基本技术条件”。LCT type digital excitation controller, is a high technical product which is produced by our own company, it use the DSP chip to be the nucleus, it has the more single hardware structure and a very rich kind of software function, it adopts advanced controlling theory and entirely digital computers controlling technology, it has a high proportion of price with function, its major technical index are all reach or overrun Specification for potential source static excitersystems and equipments for large hydraulic generators DL 48992, Specification for potential source static excitersystems for large turbine generators DL/T 6501998 ，Excitation system for synchronous electrical machinesTechnical requirements of excitation system for largeand medium synchronous generators GB/T 7409.31997. 2、适用范围Available range21 21 LCT-1型微机励磁调节装置适用于100MW及以下具有无刷励磁系统的发电机组,见图2.1-1。LCT-1 type digital excitation controller is suitable to 100MW and under 100MW generator group.To see figure 2.1-1.22 LCT-2型微机励磁调节装置适用于适用于大、中、小型发电机组的自并励励磁系统,见图2.4-1。 LCT-2 type digital excitation controller is suitable to static system of largeand ,medium and small generator group .To see Figure 2.2-1. 23 LCT-3型微机励磁调节装置适用于125MW及以下具有直流励磁机的发电机组,见图2.2-1。 LCT-3 type digital excitation controller is suitable to 125MW and under 125MW generator group with direct current exciter. To see Figure 2.3-1.24 LCT-4型微机励磁调节装置适用于100600MW大型汽轮发电机组三机励磁系统,见图2.1-1。LCT-4 type digital excitation controller is suitable to 100-600MW type largeand turbine generator groups exciter system.To see Figure2.4-1.3、主要特点 Main Specifications31 PSS+PID的控制方式 The controlling method of PSS+PID控制理论采用PSS+PID，即电力系统稳定器加上经典的控制理论，比例-积分-微分调节。 Controlling theory adopts PSS+PID, as well as power system stability plus classic controlling theory, proportion-integration-differentiation.众所周知，发电机励磁控制系统是一个闭环的调节系统，如何保证此系统的稳定及具有优良的动态调节品质是衡量励磁调节装置性能好坏的首要指标，也就是说，对于励磁调节装置，它的灵魂及核心所在是采用何种控制理论及其数学模型，在实际运行中，有的励磁调节装置在一般小干扰情况下运行尚可，但碰到突发事件，就可能出现不能强励，或强励后回不来，以及电网结构比较薄弱时运行不太稳定或静差率太大等，分析下来其实都是数学模型不够完善所至。As it known to all, generate excitation controlling system is a closing regulative system, the first target of evaluating the quality of voltage regulator is how to guarantee the stability and good dynamic quality of this system, in other words, as to voltage regulator, the soul and center is which controlling theory and mathematical model to use ,in actual operation, some voltage regulator can operate in small disturbance, but in sudden situation, it may cant be force excitation , or cant be back after being force excitation ,and when the structure of power system net is vulnerable, it operates not so stably or static error is too big and so on, analyzing this problems, it is because the excitation systems mathematical model is not so perfect.本装置具有合理的数学模型，以确保发电机在各种运行工况下稳定运行，本装置的电力系统稳定器PSS能明显提高发电机的静稳定极限及大干扰情况下的动态稳定。Our equipment has reasonable mathematical model, to make the generator operate stability in every operating conditions, the PSS of our equipment can obviously improve static stability limit of the generator and dunamic stability in big disturbance situation.32 减小励磁机时间常数。 Reduce the time constant of exciter.三机励磁系统中，由于励磁机时间常数太大，直接影响发电机转子电压的上升速度，不利于发电机及系统的暂态稳定，我们的装置采用转子电压负反馈（如果采集不到转子电压，如无刷励磁等等，可以用调节器输出总电流替代），以减小励磁机的时间常数，交流励磁机的时间常数一般为1秒左右，直流励磁机的时间常数则高达二、三秒，采用转子电压负反馈后，可将时间常数减小到0.1至0.2秒，将常规励磁系统改造成为接近快速励磁系统水平，提高了发电机及电力系统的暂态稳定性。In exciters excitation system, because of the large time constant of exciter, the rotor voltages increasing speed can be affected , its harmful to effect transient stability of the generator and power system, our equipment adopts degeneration factor of generator rotor voltage (if generator rotor voltage cant be sampled, such as brushless excitation etc, it can be replaced by regulator output currert), to reduce the time constant of exciter, AC exciters time constant is about 1 second, the time constant of DC exciter can reach 2 to 3 seconds, after adopting degeneration factor of generator rotor voltage, we can reduce the time constant to 0.1s to 0.2s, to change normal excitation system to high-speed excitation system , can improve tracsient stability of generators and power system.33 全数字化电路 All digitization circuit装置的硬件电路，从交流采样到脉冲输出，全部实现数字化，没有调整电位器，极大地简化了调试工作量。The hardware circuit of the equipment,from AC sample to SCR pulse,has been digitized with no potentiometer, to make regulation easier.34 装置总线不出主机板、软件不出片（DSP芯片）Data bus inside CPU board ,software inside chip(DSP chip)即计算机的数据总线，地址总线、控制总线均在CPU主板内，开关量输入输出回路也做在主板内，提高了装置的抗干扰能力。软件不出片，即程序在运行中不需要向外设存储器调用，确保了程序的高速运行及可靠运行。Data bus , address bus, controlling bus are all inside the CPU board, digital input and output circuits are also inside the CPU board, it can improve its anti-disturbance of the equipment. The software inside chip, as well as when programs are operating, it doesnt need to call programs from out memory outside chip, so programs can operate rapidly. 35 硬件简单，可靠性高 Simple hardware, high reliability对发电机电压、电流等交流量直接进行交流采样，每周波采32点，均方根计算电压、电流等有效值，有功、无功、功率因数等均通过软件计算，调节器的逻辑操作回路、可控硅脉冲形成，调节器主环控制及各种限制、保护功能和调节器的纠错容错处理也全部由软件实现，加上液晶显示控制等以上所有操作均由单一的DSP芯片完成，故硬件电路更为简化，调节器的核心部件只有3块印制板，同时印制板制造采用贴片工艺，使装置的可靠性更加提高。The AC variable of generator voltage , current and so on adopt AC sampling directly,there will be taken 32 times sampling per period ,actual volue of voltage and current can be calculated by root-mean-square,active power,reactive power and power factor can all be calculated by software,the logical operating of regulator,the build_up of SCR pulse,main loop controlling of regulator,all limit and protect function,the regulators processing of error-correcting and fault-tolerance,are all finished by software,and LCD display controlling all above operating are finished by single chip,so hardware is more simple,the core of regulator only has three boards,the manufacture of board adopts SMT process,then the reliability of equipment can be enhanced more and more. 36 超级看门狗设计Super watchdog design除具有普通软硬件看门狗功能外，另有一路不依赖于程序的强触发回路，以保证在特强干扰时程序连续跑飞的情况下将其拉回。Besides it has ordinary software watchdogs function, it has other super pulse circuit which doesnt depend programs, it can make sure that putting program back when the program being out of control many times continuously in super disturbance condition.37 独特的脉冲回读检查功能 Unique function of using pulse read-back装置的DSP芯片，可对每一相可控硅脉冲进行回读，以确保真正发出去的脉冲同理论上的脉冲完全一致，以保证装置的正确性，同时也能检查是否发生失脉冲和错脉冲现象。The DSP chip of the equipment , can be read-back for every SCR pulse, to make sure sending pulse as same as calculating pulse, to guarantee the equipment correctly, to check pulse-loss or pulse error instantaneously.脉冲的发生硬件和脉冲的回读硬件相互独立，分属于两片芯片。The build-up pulse circuit and the read-back pulse circuit are divided each other, they are two chips.38 完善的智能调试软件 perfect intellective regulating software可以直观地在线修改参数，包括PID、PSS、调差率等运行参数及低励、过励等限制保护参数，以及进行强励、起励，10%阶跃响应，负反馈等试验。People can directly change parameters on line, including PID, PSS, current compensation running constant and under-excitation limiter, over-excitation limiter etc limiting and protecting parameters, and super-excitation test,set excitation test, 10% of step response test, degeneration test of generator rotor voltage and so on.安装调试、修改参数及进行各种试验均只需在控制器的面板上进行键盘操作即可，不需外接PC机，不需外接线，不需专用工具。Setup examination, parameters change and test only need keyboard operation on the controllers faceboards, it does not need PC machine, outside connect, and special tools.39 故障录波功能 Fault data record function装置每一周波记录一次模拟量及状态量，共16组，即10个模拟量及6组开关量共96个状态量。发生故障时，记录故障点时间（年、月、日、时、分、秒）及故障前8秒和故障后12秒的数据，且具有连续记录多次故障功能。可在断电情况下保存至少最近10次故障记录数据，这些故障数据均可通过串行口发送至后台机进行显示，以便于分析故障原因。Equipment record one time every period, totally 16 groups, namely 10 analog and 6 groups of digital and totally 96 state variable. When fault occurs, it can record time(year, month, day, hour, minute, second) and data from 8 seconds before and 12 seconds after the fault, it also has constantly record function. It can record at least 10 times fault data which out of power source, fault data can be sent out to background computer to diagnosis fault cause by communicate port.模拟量包括发电机测量PT值、参考电压值、发电机转子电压、调节器输出总电流、发电机有功、发电机转子电流、调节器本柜输出电流、发电机无功、发电机定子电流、可控硅开放角。Analog includes generators PT value, voltage reference value, generator rotor voltage, regulators output current, generator active power, regulators local cabinet output current, generator reactive power, generator stator current, SCR trigger open angle.开关量包括24路开关量输出信号、24路开关量输入信号、面板开关量输出信号、面板开关量输入信号等共96个状态量。Digital variable includes 24 digital outputs signal, 24 digital inputs signal ,face board digital output signal, face board digital input signal and so on, totally 96 state variable.310 具有操作事件记忆功能 Function of remembering operating event当开关量信号发生变化时，比如油开关，灭磁开关动作，运行方式开关操作等一系列事件发生时，装置将按先进先出的原则记录最近至少4000条事件发生的年、月、日、时、分、秒及状态。这些量都能断电保存。When input or output digital has changed just like generators oil breaker,de-excitation breaker done,operating of remote running breaker happened,equipment will be recorded the events by the principle of FIFO, it can record at least 4000 times events which out of power source.3. 11 配置后台工控机 Configurate background industrial controller对于大机组可以选配一台工控机，可实时显示试验录波曲线、故障波形及进行数据分析。For largeand generators,a background industrial controller can be configurated,thus can real-time display test marking wave,fault marking wave and diagnosising data.312 独特的双通道相互跟踪功能 Unique two channels auto tracking function真正独立的双通道运行，相互间通过开入开出量只有两到三对硬接点相联系。Really independent two channels, they keep in touch two or three pairs of contacts between each other.自动运行方式下双通道之间相互自动跟踪，跟踪时不需要从对方通道得到任何数据，只依赖于PID数学模型、发电机空载时调节器开环放大倍数及各种采样量得到自动参考电压给定和可控硅的开放角，跟踪量非常准确，切换时没有任何波动。Under auto running mode,auto tracking between two channel needs not any communication data from other channel,only deponds on the PID mathematical model,regulators open loop gain when generator being no load state,and various value of sampling to secure set value of auto running reference voltage and SCRs open angle,the auto trackings value is very accurary,there will be no fluctuation when switching from each channel.313 中频励磁方式下使用50Hz同步试验电源 Using 50HZ synchronous power source under intermediate frequency excitation mode在检修调试时，针对三机励磁系统，调节器可控硅脉冲能适应50Hz及中频电源信号，给无中频试验电源的发电机组运行维护带来很大的方便。When maintaining and testing for intermediate frequency exciters excitation,regulator can be build up 50HZ SCRs pulse if has no intermediate frequency power source,there would provide great convenience for running and maintencing of generators group.314 抗电磁干扰设计 Design of electromagnetic interference rejection315 参数在线修改Parameters correction online调节器自动运行方式下除了涉及到自动运行及主环计算的PID的放大倍数和时间常数、转子电压负反馈系数、发电机电压整定参数等少量参数不允许修改外，如低励限制与保护参数、过励限制与保护参数、V/f限制与保护参数、PSS参数、直流采样量整定参数等等绝大部分参数都能真正的在线修改，即这些参数的修改和参数存盘不需要调节器处于退出状态或切至从柜状态。Under regulators auto running mode,besides involving auto running,amplification and time constant of PIDs calculation of main loop, degeneration factor of generator rotor voltage,generators voltage setting value etc there would be not permit to be changed,another many parameters like under excitation limit parameters, over excitation limit parameters, V/HZ limit parameters,pss parameters, rated sampling value of DC value can be changed on line,it is that regulator wouldnt be quiting running state or switching to slave state when parameters being changed and saved.316 输出开关量调试 Output digitals test不需要辅助设备或措施，通过操作液晶显示器可以调试任何一个输出开关量。It doesnt need assistant equipment or measure, you can regulate any output digital by operating LCD.4、主要功能 Main function41 比例、积分、微分调节 Proportion-integration-differentiation regulation.42 电力系统稳定器（PSS） Power system stabilizer43 恒功率因数调节 Regulation with constant power factor44 恒无功功率调节 Regulation with constant reactive power45 恒励磁电流调节 Regulation with constant excitation current 46 正、负调差及调差率大小设置 Positive,negative Cross Current Compensation and rate setting.47 过流限制及保护，最大电流保护 Over excitation limitation and protection,the largest excitation current protection48 低励限制及保护Under excitation limitation and protection49 强励限制Force excitation limitation410 V/Hz限制及保护，空载过电压保护 V/Hz limitation and protection,over voltage protection for no load411 PT熔丝熔断保护 PT failure protection412 脉冲回读及错失脉冲检测 SCRs pulse read-back and pulse error or losting detection413 完善的自检功能及容错处理Perfect self-check function and fault-tolerance procession装置初始化过程中即对程序存储器、数据存储器及A/D转换等进行检测，如发现异常则发“装置出错”信号报警。When equipment initialization,program storage,data storage and A/D converter etc are checked,if abnormal equipment would send alarm singal of “device error”.装置还采用最少的硬件配合丰富的软件检测方式，及时检测各种异常运行工况，并作相应的报警或切换处理，确保发电机组的稳定运行。Equipment also adopts the least hardware with rich kinds of software to check, it can check all abnormal operating conditions , and will send the alarm signal or switch to other equipment,and ensure generator group stable oeration.414 DEH接口（大容量汽轮发电机用）DEH port (for large turbine generators)415 DCS接口 DCS port416 配有RS232或RS485通讯接口 RS232 or RS485 communication port420 开机并网前跟踪系统电压功能。The function of auto tracking power system voltage before connection to power system.5、主要技术指标 Main technical index51 发电机静态调压精度rate of steady-state voltage regulation：0.5% 52 静止励磁系统电压响应时间voltage response time of static excitation system：上升不大于up not greater than 0.08s下降不大于down not greater than 0.15s53 频率特性：发电机空载运行状态下频率每变化1%，发电机端电压变化不大于额定值的0.1%。Frequence characteristic:under no load state of generator running,frequency changes per 1%,generators voltage changes not greater than 0.1% of rated stator voltage.54 10%阶跃响应试验：超调量小于20%，振荡次数小于3次，调整时间小于5秒。10% step responsible test:overshoot less than 20%,oscillation times less than 3,regulation time less than 5s.55 附加调差：15%内任选，级差0.1% Cross Current Compensation:under 15%,step 0.1%56 自动部分调压范围Range of auto regulation voltage：常规励磁系统Excitation system with exciter0%130% Vn自并励励磁系统Static excitation system 5%130% Vn57 发电机电压调整速度：可现场整定，不小于每秒0.3%，不大于每秒1%。Changing speed of generators voltage:can be changed online,not less than 0.3% rate stators voltage per second, not greater than 1% rate stators voltage per second.58 主调节环运算周期The cycle of main regulating calculation：10ms59 可控硅控制角分辨率：0.05度/位码Distingushability of SCRs control angle : 0.05/per bit.510 A/D转换量分辨率Distingushability of A/D converter：2-14511 移相范围：10150度，范围可调。The range of SCRs phase-shift: 10150,The range can be changed.512 功率消耗Power comsumption：100W6、系统及硬件体系结构 System and hardware structure61 LCT系列微机励磁调节器的总体设计 LCT digital excitation controllers general design:调节器的输入交流量有发电机量测PT，仪表PT副边的三相发电机电压及发电机CT回路的三相电流，直流信号为发电机转子电压，转子电流及每套调节器的输出电流、总电流等。AC input analog variables of digital excitation controller include three-phase voltage of excitation specific PT and instrument PT,three-phase current of generator CT,DC input analog variables include generators rotor voltage,generators rotor current,regulators output current and regulators local cabinet output current,etc.这些信号经交流信号处理板和直流信号处理板处理后，送入主机板。The signal are sent to CPU board after being processed by AC signal board and DC signal board.通过采样计算得到的发电机平均电压与参考电压之差，综合调差信号后经比例或PID运算得到一个控制量，去改变可控硅的控制角。这个控制量是一个数字量，直接由CPU写入定时器中，定时器根据写入数的大小及同步电压信号产生相应控制角的触发脉冲，经组合、功率放大，产生双触发脉冲，通过脉冲变压器隔离去触发可控硅，从而改变调节器的输出电流，控制励磁机或者发电机的转子电流以维持发电机端电压的恒定，实现发电机电压的闭环调节。The error between reference voltage and genera