褒贬翻译.doc

第九节 褒贬译法 词汇按照语法中的词性可以分成名词、代词、动词，形容词、副词、介词和叹词等；词汇按照感情色彩可分为褒义、贬义和中性。在翻译过程中，词汇的词性并不是原封不动地从原文搬到译文，而要根据译文的语言习惯进行；词汇感情色彩的翻译一般应严格按照原文的精神来进行而不是像词汇的词性翻译那样受译文的支配也就是说，褒义词必须翻译成褒义词，贬义词必须译成贬义词，中性词也应译成中性词让我们一起来看下面的例子。 1）The boy is appreciated by all his teacher for his carefulness in his homework. 这个男孩因功课做得仔细认真而受到所有老师的赞赏。 2) In fact, it is his meticulousness that is preventing him from making any progress in his research work 事实上，正是因为他的谨小慎微，他的研究工作得不到任何进展。 3）Her husband was a brave pilot during the Second World War. 她的丈夫是二战期间一位勇敢的飞行员 4) The reckless driver died in the traffic accident. 那个莽撞的驾车人在这次车祸中丧生 5) These buys are big enough to be self-respecting. 这些男孩大了，应该有自尊心了 6) She is quite unpopular among her colleagues for she is so egotistic. 她在同事中间非常吃不开，因为她太自私自利了 7) We need tough-minded soldiers in our army我们军队需要意志坚强的士兵 8) He did not yield in the face of the ruthless enemies 他在凶残的敌人面前没有屈服 9）He is respected by his people for his foresightedness. 他由于富于远见而受到了人们的尊敬 10) I always considered him calculating and mercenary and did my best to avoid him 我一向认为他这个人攻于心计又唯利是图，所以总是尽力设法避开他。 11) Many people think that he is one of the most ambitious politicians of our times. 很多人认为他是现今最有野心的政客之一 12) Although he is very young, he is very ambitious in his research work. 他虽然很年轻，但是在研究工作中很有雄心壮志 13) The stubborn boy refused to listen to his parents advice 这个犟男孩不肯听父母的忠告 14) The invaders met a stubborn resistance from the local people. 侵略者遭到了当地人民顽强的抵抗 15）She is fidgety and restless. 她生性急躁好动 16) All the inventors have a restless mind 所有的发明家都有一个思想活跃的头脑 17) As luck would have it, no one was in the building when the explosion occurred. 真幸运，发生爆炸时大楼里刚巧没有人 18) As luck would have it, there was rain on the day of the picnic. 真不凑巧，野餐那天下雨了 19) The old couple made a persistent effort to search for their daughter lost in the war. 这对年老的夫妇执着地寻找着他们在战争中丢失的女儿。 20) She was vexed by the persistent ringing of the phone. 她被没完没了的电话铃声搞的心烦意乱。 21) 他们忠心耿耿地报效于自己的祖国和人民 They serve their motherland and people with loyalty and devotion. 22) 这些死心塌地的纳粹分子为他们的第三帝国效命. These die-hard Nazis went all out to serve their Third Reich. 23）几个月的林雪生活，既锻炼了他们的机智英勇，又锻炼了他们坚韧不拔的毅力（曲波林海雪原） Several months in the snowy forest have forged their cleverness and courage and given them a firm and indomitable will. 24) 没想到他们的封建思想是那样顽固不化. I did not expect that their feudal ideas would be so incorrigibly obstinate 25）这位导演别具匠心，在剧中安排了一场演员走到观众当中的戏。 The director showed his ingenuity by arranging a scene in which the actors went into the audience of the play. 26) 这家伙老是别出心裁，招摇撞骗。 That guy is always trying to be different so as to swindle and bluff 27) 这位女明星在舞会上真是仪态万方, The film actress appeared in all her glory at the ball. 28) 这个政客在那场辩论中真是丑态百出。 That politician acted like a buffoon during that debate. 29) 张将军真是足智多谋啊！ General Zhang is really wise and resourceful. 30) 那个敌参谋长可是诡计多端的呀！ That enemy chief of staff has a whole bag of tricks. 31) 这位小姑娘长得真好看 She is certainly a pretty little girl 32) 那个小偷被送到派出所去了。 That petty thief has been sent to the police station. 33) 他久久地站在人民大会堂前。 He stood before the Great Hall of the People for a long time. 34）叫那些人不要大吵大闹。 Tell those people to stop making such a terrific din. 35) 她父亲是一位有名的外科医生。 Her father is a famous surgeon. 36）黄金荣是上海有名的大流氓。 Huang Jinrong was a notorious rogue in Shanghai in the old times. 37）由于党的农业政策，我国千千万万农民走上了致富的道路 Thanks to the policies of the Communist Party of China on agriculture, million of peasants in China are getting rich. 38）由于两次世界大战的爆发，各国人民蒙受了极大的灾难。 People of all countries have suffer great calamities in consequence of the two world wars. 39）诗人应该具有丰富的想象力 A poet should have rich imagination. 40）真遗憾，你的想象力太丰富了。 What a pity ! Youve got into wild fights of fancy. 41）funny：褒义 （1）a funny story 滑稽的故事 （2）a funny writer 风趣的作家 （3）He is being funny. 他在逗乐。 中性 （1）There is something funny about the matter. 事情有点蹊跷。 （2）a funny black hat. 古怪的黑帽子 贬义 （1）Youll be sorry if you try anything funny in class 你要是在课堂上玩什么鬼花样，肯定要后悔。 （2）She is a bit funny sometimes. 她有时候疯疯癫癫的。 （3）Dont get funny with your boss! 不得对老板放肆！ 42）由于：褒义（1） thanks to (2 ) by virtue of 中性 （1） owing to (2 ) due to (3 ) because of (4 ) as a result of (5 ) in view of 贬义 (1 ) in consequence of 43) Something / anything / nothing / somebody / anybody / nobody: (1) Its always something that you are the owner of so many wonderful books. 想想你拥有这么多好书，你就会感到自慰 (2) He has strong desire to be somebody. 他极想出人头地。 (3) Everybody who was anybody in Labour politics turned up 工党政治生活中的头面人物个个都到场了 There must be something in it.这里面必有名堂 “She is my horse , my dog, my anything,” the male chauvinist husband said. “她是我的马，我的狗，反正是属于我的东西，”那个大男子主义的丈夫说。 They are nameless nothings. 他们是无名小卒 He is always saying the usual polite nothings. 他老是在说那些寻常的客套话 I am a mere nobody.我是一个微不足道的 无名小卒 When he tossed a much-ballyhooed party in Persepolis three years ago to celebrate Persias2,500th anniversary, he invited virtually everybody who was anybody- but mostly nobodies showed up. 当三年前他在泊塞波利斯举行大肆宣扬的盛大典礼庆祝波斯建国二干五百年的时候，他几乎邀请了世界上所有的有名人士 (有人译成：名门望士、达官贵人），但真正出席者却大多是些无名之辈（有人译成：下里巴人，无名小卒）。 上面第一至第十个例子和第二十一至第三十个例子，都是原文里就明显包含了一个褒义词或贬义词，翻译时只需对号入座地把它搬过来就可以了。上面第十一至第二十个例子和第三十一至第四十个例子，都是原文字面上没有明显表露出褒义或贬义的词语，我们必须通过上下文来发掘出句中词语的感情色彩，把这些字面上属于中性而实际上为褒义或贬义的词语忠实地翻译出来。最后三组译例说明同一个词语或同一类词语在不同的上下文中可以有不同的感情色彩，翻译时可以用褒贬译法处理成褒义、中性或贬义词语。上面最后一组例句没有标明感情色彩这是因为每一个读者对这些词语感情色彩的划分可能会有不同的意见，我们还是让大家自己来作分析 一个褒义词或贬义词往往会给整个句子乃至更大的上下文带来感情色彩。因此我们在使用褒贬译法时，不仅要注意感情色彩明显的