虚拟语气讲义.doc

虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。虚拟条件句l 与现在事实不一致，其句型为：If +主语did，主语should（could, would, 或might）do.If I were you, I would study hard.If it rained, I would not be here now. If I were in your position, I would marry her.l 与过去事实不一致，句型为：If +主语haddone，主语should（could, would, 或might）havedone.If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have been saved.If the doctor had come last night, the boy would be saved. l 与将来事实不一致，句型为：If+主语+do，主语should（could ，would, 或might）do. If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry.注意 1.If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。2.有时把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中连词if省略，将had, should, were等词提到主语之前倒装。Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.3.根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型。混合虚拟条件句不能倒装。名词性从句中的虚拟语气在表示命令、建议要求、惊叹、感叹、愿望时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，具体类型有：1.遇到suggest, suggestion, insist, insistence, order, demand, request, command, propose, proposal ,desire, plan, idea时，从句中用主语（should）do。Mother insisted that John go to bed at 9 oclock.We suggested that the meeting should not be held.The suggestion that he be invited was rejected.It was required that the crops should be harvested at once.That is their demand that their wages be increased.注意 当insist意为“坚称说”， suggest意为“暗示，表明”时，不用虚拟语气。2.It is + natural/ necessary/ important/ surprising/ strange/ funny/extraordinary/ suggested/ proposed/ requested/ ordered +that+主语+（should）+doIt is + a pity/ a shame/ no wonder/ an honor +that+主语+（should）+do如：It is strange that he (should) go himself.3.主语+ be+ sorry/ surprised/ disappointed (表情感的词) +that +主语+should do/have done.(这里的should意为“竟然”)Im sorry that things should have come to this.4.Its (high) time that+主语shoulddo/ 主语did，Its time that you went to school.=Its time that you should go to school.5.wish后的宾语从句l 与现在愿望不一致: 主语did；I wish I were you.l 与过去愿望不一致: 主语had done；I wish I had visited the white House when I was in the states.l 与未来愿望不一致: 主语would(could)do。I wish I could met you tomorrow at the party.l wish的感叹句: How I wish/If only+根据3种情况的相应句法How I wish I had known the answer.= If only I had known the answer.注意 wish+从句，表示不肯能实现的愿望，所以用虚拟语气；hope+从句，表示可能实现的愿望，不用虚拟语气6. would rather/ as if (though) I would rather you stayed here now.She loves the children as if they were hers.I would rather you had stayed here at that time.Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there.注意 as if/ though 遇到 It seems/ appears/ sounds/ looks etc.时有时依据需要，表示说话者认为有可能的事实。It sounds as if the bell is ringing.含蓄虚拟条件句其条件一般用介词短语、分词短语或并列句表达，这时主句的时态要求与含有条件从句的主句要求相同。常用于这种情况的词和短语有 but for, without, supposing, suppose, otherwise, or, but, though等。But for your help, we wouldnt have accomplished the task on time.Supposing you were on a lonely island now.练习1. It is important that a college student a foreign language.Awill masterBmasterCmastersDwould master2. It is strange that she without saying a word.Ashould have gone outBwentCshould go outDgoes out3. If my lawyer here last Saturday, he me from going.Ahad been, would have preventedBhad been, would preventCwere, would preventDwere, would have prevent4. “He is a brave man.”“Yes, I wish I his courage.”AhaveBhadCwill haveDmay have5. If it rain, the crops would be saved.AshouldBwillCis going to Dwas to6. He ordered that the medicine by a special plane.Awas sent Bwould be sentCshould sendDbe sent7. If you the medicine, you better now.Atook, would feelBhad taken, feltChad taken, would feelDtook, would have felt8. She is my sister, but she often acts as if my mother.AisBwasCwereDhad been9. I went to bed early last night, but I wish I so.Adidnt doBhadnt doChavent doneDcouldnt do10. Id rather he tomorrow afternoon.Awill comeBcomesCcomingDcame11. _ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given upC. Did he give D. If he gave up12. We insisted that the meaningless argument _.A. should bring to an endB. was brought to an endC. might come to an endD. come to an end13. I _ to your birthday party last Sunday. Unfortunately, you were out on business.A. had come B. came C. would come D. would have come14. His suggestion that you _once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tried C. must try D. can try15. _him not to do so, he wouldnt have made such a serious mistake.A. Did I persuade B. If I persuade C. If I should persuade D. Had I persuade16. Its high time that we students _ even harder at our lessons as the national entrance examination is coming nearer.A. work B. will work C. worked D. have to work17. It is necessary that people both young and old in China _some English to be prepared for the Olympic Games to be held in Beijing in 2008. A. learn B. will learn C. must learn D. have learned18. - We werent sure which way to go. In the end we turned right. - You _ the wrong way. You _ left. A. went; should have turned B. have gone; must turn C. went; would have turned D. had gone; must have turned19. If there were no subjective mood, English much easier.A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be20. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody the rules. A. obeysB. obey C. will obey D. would obey21. If she had worked harder, she .A. would succeed B. had succeededC. should succeedD. would have succeeded22. There was plenty of time. She .A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurriedC. must not hurry D. neednt have hurried23. I insist that a doctor immediately.A. has been sent for B. sends for C. will be sent for D. be sent for24. The rice if you had been more careful.A. would not be burning B. would not burnC. Would not have been burnt D. would not burnt25. If my lawyer here last Saturday, he me from going.A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would preventC. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented26. Jenny have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.A. must B. should C. need D. would27. If it for the snow, we the mountain yesterday.A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climbC. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb28. Without electricity human life quite different today.A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be29. We last night, but we went to the concert instead.A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study30. If he , he that food.Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken词汇复习angle n.角,角度These novels mirror life in todays Japan from various angles.ankle n.踝,踝节部anniversary n.周年纪念日Next Monday is theanniversaryof the day I first met you.announce vt.宣布,宣告,发表The vote was completed. The chairmanannouncedthe result.annoy vt.使恼怒；打搅These flies areannoyingme.annual a.每年的 n.年报Employees are entitled to anannualpaid leave of fifteen days.anxiety n.焦虑,忧虑；渴望Anxiety ends on Saturday, the day the results are to be released.anxious adj.渴望的；忧虑的anyway ad.无论如何It may rain, but we shall goanyway.apart adv.分别；相距He livesapartfrom his family.apartment n. 公寓；一套公寓房间apologize vi.道歉,谢罪,认错He apologized to her for not going to her party.apparent a.表面上的；明显的The apparent cause of his illness was excessive drinking, but the real cause was his deep grief at his wifes death.appeal vi.&n.呼吁；申述He appealed to his friends for support.appear vi.出现；显得；好象Gradually a smile appeared on her face.appearance n.出现,来到；外观application n.请求,申请；施用Biology has practicalapplications.apply vt.应用,实施,使用We shouldapplyboth th