第三章 代词.doc

第三章 代词一 代词种类1 人称代词 (1)人称代词的格主格I youhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouThem (2)人称代词的处理 A. 人称代词在表语位置要用主格：A: Is it Mary? B: Yes, it is she. 在日常生活中，可用宾格：It is me. If I were him, I would take your advice. 如果后面有that, who引导的从句，是正式文体，用主格： Its he that answered the question. B. 作补语，与to be前的名词或代词同格：I was taken to be she. (she是I 的补语，主格) He took me to be her. (her 是me的补语，宾语) C. but后面的人称代词，若紧跟主语用主格，在宾语后用宾格：Nobody but she can solve the problem.Everyone lost faith in the plan but me. D. than, as后面，可以用主格，宾格：you are younger than me/I. 比较：He likes Mary more than I. He likes Mary more than me. (3) A. 宾格可以用来做简略回答： A: Im very tired. B: Me too. B.人称代词与谓语不定式连用，用宾格：Me (to) play him at chess? No! C.不满，厌烦，轻蔑，惊诧，否定等强烈感情,可以用宾格： A: I think he is the top in the class. B: Him? D.在there be或here be句型：there are 4 people in my family, but now there is only me. E.作主语的人称有形容词修饰，用宾格：poor me always get the blame. F.在感叹句，通常被一个形容词修饰，用宾格：look what Ive done! Silly me! (4) 多个人称代词的顺序：你，他人，我 （礼貌） 我他你 (承认错误，自责)：I and my wife are responsible for the faults of our son. 长辈，自己，晚辈：My parents, my wife, I and our children are going to be present at your wedding.2 物主代词形容词型myyourhisheritsourtheir名词型mineyourshishersitsourstheirs3 反身代词：myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves 惯用 abondon oneself to沉迷于，behave oneselve守规矩，devote oneself to献身于，致力 Enjoy oneself, help oneself to随意取用, make oneself at home不客气 Beside oneself因极度兴奋: He was beside himself with joy. Be oneself身心健康：I am glad that you are yourself again. Between ourselves只有两个人知道：Between ourselves, I think hes quite stupid. Be oneself单独，靠自己：One cannot possibly do it all by oneself. For oneself为自己，亲自：If you dont believe me, you can go to see for yourself. In oneself本身，本性：The invitation is in itself a friendship step. Of oneself自动地：Scuccess will not come of itself to knock at your door. To oneself (have, get, keep连用)单独地，私下地I like to have a table to myself in restaurant.4 疑问代词 who whom whose which what5 指示代词 this that these those such same (1) Like that that is to say thats all thats it thats that (2) such表上面所说的情况：such was the way he spoke to me. Such做形容词，修饰名词：I have never seen such flowers/a book/future. (3) Such结构：such as/that +从句: 像这样的, 这样以致 Eg: The waves were such as/that I never saw before. The problem is not such as can be easily solved. (4) Such as+ 名词或代词，表“例如”：Boys such as John and James are very friendly. Such as to, such+adj+as to: 这样以致：His behavior is such as to make his friends angry. (5) as such 就这一点而论,作为这样一个： He is a good man and is known as such to everybody. He is my father and as such can tell me what to do.6 不定代词 one, it, that, some, any, each, every, none, no one, few, a few, little, a little, other, another, all, both, neither, either. (1) it & that: The climate of my native town is mild; I like it very much. The climate of native town is not so warm as that of Fujian. (2) some & any: some一般用于肯定句 any一般用于疑问句或否定句I dont have any book. Some也可以用于疑问句，期待对方肯定的回答：Would you like some bananas? Any可以用在肯定句，表示“三者以上任一”：Any book can solve this problem. Any用在条件句：If you have any news, call me right now. Any of us could catch a wolf single-handed. (肯定) None of us could catch a wolf single-handed. (否定) (3) any one & anyone: any one是名词，可以指人，物，可带of；anyone是代词，只能指人 I dont know any one of them. Did anyone call me when I was out? (4) each&every: each两个或以上，every:三个或以上 Every和not构成部分否定：Every man cannot be a mathematician. Every+序数词+单数名词= Every+基数词+复数名词： Every three days= every third day (5) none&nobody&no one¬hing Have none of不同意 none but只有 none other than正是 none the less尽管如此，仍然 none the worse毫不逊色 second to none最好的 (6) few: few and far between稀少，不常有 quite a few不少 not a few相当多 (7) other: in other words:换句话说 every other:每隔(加单数名词) other than除了 None other than不是别人，正是 someor other某个 the other day 不久前的一天 (8) another: one after another一个一个按次序 one way or another 设法 is one thing, and is quite another 是一回事，又是另一回事 Another than=other than 除之外;不同于；不是那个样子 (9) all& Both 加否定词表示部分否定, 若要表示全部否定，用neither和none: Both of us are not teachers. All of the books are new. Neither of us is teacher. None of the books are new. (10) Neither&either: either“两者任一”，neither“两者都不”7 复合不定代词：someone something anything nobody everything (1)Anyone who does that is wasting his time and money. (美国用法) (2)复合不定代词：单数： there is somebody in the room. (3)当被形容词修饰，形容词后置：something important has arrived, Im sure. (4) 复合不定代词后面可以加else，排除本身：what he told me is nothing else than nonsense. Something: Be something of有点味道或气质 or something= something like that表示不肯定 Something or other一样什么东西 bes something of the kind 某些类似的东西 Anything： Be asas anything 得不得了 anything but并不，绝不 not for anything说什么也不 Like anything拼命地 if anything要说有什么两样的话 Nothing： Think nothing认为没什么 to say nothing更不用说 make nothing不当回事 Nothing but 只是，仅仅 nothing less than=nothing short of简直是 Next to nothing几乎没有8 关系代词who which that (1)关系代词引导的从句中，动词必须与先行词一致：I, who am blind, advise you to use your eyes well.(2)He is the man who wants to see our manager.He is the man whom our manager plans to interview.练习：1. This is neither nor . Its mine A. yours, my B. his hers C hers; mine D his;hers2. “You ought to do it at once.” “What, ?” A. My B. Mine C. I D. me3. The peasants had nothing of before liberation. A. themselves B. them C. theirs D. their own4. is family that the villagers all admire it. A. it; such an united B. His; such a united C. Hers; so united a D.