Module 3 Sporting life.doc

Module 3 Sporting life词汇精讲1. chance chance是名词，意为“机会”。例如：Is there any chance of the team winning this week? 这个队本星期有无获胜的机会？Its the chance of a lifetime. You shouldnt miss it. 这是一生中难得的机会，你不应该错过。【拓展】(1) chance作名词，还有“偶然性，可能性”的意思。例如： I met him by chance. 我偶然遇到了他。(2) chance与opportunity的辨析： 1) 当表示有机会做某事时，这两个词的用法相同，后面可接to do或of doing。例如： I had the chance/opportunity of visiting Beijing. 我曾有机会参观北京。 I had no chance/opportunity to see him. 我没有机会见到他。 2) chance后可接从句，而opportunity则不能。例如： There is a chance that he will succeed. 他有可能获得成功。2. allow allow是动词，意为“允许，准许”，常用于allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事；allow doing sth.“允许做”。例如： My parents dont allow me to smoke. 我的父母不允许我抽烟。We dont allow eating in the classrooms. (我们)不允许在教室吃饭。Her boss doesnt allow her to use the telephone. 她的老板不允许她使用电话。3. defeat defeat是动词，意为“打败”。例如： They defeated the enemy in the war. 他们在战争中打败了敌人。 【拓展】defeat; beat和win的辨析： 这三个词都表示“打败；战胜”，但有区别：win后只接事或物，如match; fight等；defeat与beat后只接人或与人有关的名词，如class; team等。例如： Though we were weak, we beat them. 虽然我们弱，但我们赢了他们。 Who won the first prize in the competition? 谁在比赛中赢得了一等奖？ Our class was defeated in the match. 在这次比赛中，我们班失败了。4. against against是介词，其用法如下： (1) 反对，违反。对应的反义词为for，常用于be against sb. / sth.反对某人/某事 例如： Are most people against having a part-time job? 大多数人反对做兼职工作吗？ (2) 和交战（指竞争、比赛等）。例如： Well have a basketball match against the team from No. 2 Middle School next week. 下星期我们将于二中的球队举行一场篮球赛。 (3) 碰、装、擦。例如： Rain beats against the window. 雨打在窗户上。 (4) 倚着、靠着。例如： There was a ladder propped up(支撑) against the wall.一把梯子靠着墙。 (5) 防备，抗。例如： She saved money against old age. 她攒钱防老。 (6) 逆着。例如： We are sailing against the wind. 我们（的船）正逆风航行。 (7) 衬托，相映，对照。例如： Red flags stand out brightly against the blue sky. 红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得分外鲜艳。5. first of all first of all表示“首先；最重要的”，说明顺序，是时间上或一系列行动的开始，后面往往接next，then等。例如：First of all, open the windows. Then turn off the gas and, if necessary, call an ambulance. 首先，打开窗户。然后关掉煤气，如果有必要的话，叫救护车。【拓展】(1) at first = at the beginning表示“当初，起初(但后来)”，与后来发生的事相对照。例如：At first I didnt want to go, but I soon changed my mind. 起初，我不想去，但不久我就改变主意了。(2) first表示 “第一的、最先的”。例如：January is the first month of the year. 一月是一年的第一个月。Ill have to finish my homework first. 我必须得先完成作业。6. advise (1) advise用作动词表示“建议”，和suggest是同义词，后面都可接名词、代词和动名词作宾语。 He advised/suggested a rest. 他建议休息一下。 They advised/suggested nothing to us. 他们没有给我们什么建议。 Tom advised/suggested sending for a doctor at once. Tom建议立即派人去请医生。 (2) advise与suggest也可接that引导的宾语从句（that从句的谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，should可省略）。 例如：I advised/suggested that he (should) eat more fruit. 我建议他多吃水果。(3) advise后可以接“宾语 + 动词不定式”或“wh-疑问词 + 动词不定式”，而suggest不能这样用。 The doctor advised me to rest for a week. 医生建议我休息一周。7. encourage encourage用作及物动词，意为“鼓励；鼓舞；促进；助长”等，常用于以下结构： encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”。例如： The teacher often encourages us to study hard. 老师经常鼓励我们要努力学习。 My mother encouraged me to enter the contest. 妈妈鼓励我参加那场比赛。【拓展】 (1) encourage sb. in sth. 意为“在方面鼓励/助长某人”。例如： Dont encourage him in laziness. 别助长他的懒惰行为。 (2) encouragement是encourage的名词形式，意为“鼓舞/鼓励”。例如： The teachers words were a great encouragement to him. 老师的话对他是极大的鼓舞。8. make suremake sure意为“确保”“弄清楚”，后常接介词短语或从句。例如：Have you made sure of the time of the train? 火车开车的时间你搞清楚了吗？He arrived at the cinema early to make sure of a seat. 为保证搞到座位，他一大早就到了电影院。I only come to make sure that everything was all right. 我只是来弄清楚是否一切都没有问题。【拓展】be sure的用法：be sure的意思是“确信”，它的后面可以用宾语从句、介词短语，也可以用动词不定式。1）be sure of sth 对某事很确定 例如：I am sure of his guilt.我确定他有罪。 I am sure of his coming. 我确定他会来。2）be sure to do sth 一定会做某事 例如：I am sure to close the window after school. 放学后我一定会关窗的。I am sure to help you tomorrow.我明天一定会帮你。3）be sure that从句 对某事很确定 例如：I am sure that he will achieve his goal. 我确定他会实现目标的。He is sure that his mother will come to see him this afternoon.他确信今天下午他妈妈会来看他。词汇精练I. 写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词。1. advise _ _ 2. allow _ _3. choose _ _4. set _ _5. know _ _6. write _ _7. teach _ _8. take _ _II. 英汉互译。 1. 代表，象征_ 2. 建立，创立_ 3. allow sb. to do sth. _ 4. 首先_ 5. 对生气_6. encourage sb. to do sth. _ 7. 确保_8. 建议某人做某事_III. 根据首字母提示，完成下列单词的拼写，使句意明确，语言通顺。1. My parents wont a_ me to stay out late.2. Mr. Brown was worried because his company was facing a t_ competition.3. Im sure our class will d_ Class Three in the basketball match.4. My parents always e_ me when I havent got good marks.5. Jim was chosen to s_ for the students union to attend the meeting.6. Im sorry to say youve got no c_ to win the match.IV. 从下面的方框中选出适当的短语，并用其正确的形式完成句子（每条短语限用一次）。first of all; make sure; be compared with; go for; take up; at first; set up; find out1. Lets learn how to cook this dish together. _, turn on the oven(烤炉).2. Some new schools will _ in Dujiangyan next year.3. Finally, the man _ his wife had left her purse in the room.4. If you really want to be a successful musician, just _ it!5. “Dont be sad. Work hard and _ you get better grades next time,” the teacher said to Mary.6. _, nobody knew Sam was back. When he suddenly appeared, everyone was surprised.7. As a sportsman, the daily training _ a lot of his time.8. Liu Xiang can _ the worlds best sports stars.V. 根据句意用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. A new book _(write) in Chinese next year.2. Yesterday, Class One _(beat) by Class Two.3. The PRC _(found) in 1949.4. These flowers _(move) away from the window every afternoon. Its too hot there. Thank you for telling me about it.5. Many students in Zhoushan _(send) to the schools in Lanzhou in September, 2010.参考答案I. 写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词。1. advised; advised 2. allowed; allowed 3. chose; chosen 4. set; set 5. knew; known 6. wrote; written 7. taught; taught 8. took; takenII. 英汉互译。1. stand for 2. set up 3. 允许某人做某事 4. first of all 5. get angry/mad with sb.6. 鼓励某人做某事 7. make sure 8. advise sb. to do sth.III. 根据首字母提示，完成下列单词的拼写，使句意明确，语言通顺。1. allow 2. tough 3. defeat 4. encourage 5. stand 6. chanceIV. 从下面的方框中选出适当的短语，并用其正确的形式完成句子（每条短语限用一次）。1. First of all 2. be set up 3. found out 4. go for 5. make sure 6. At first 7. takes up 8. be compared withV. 根据句意用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. will be written 2. was beaten 3. was founded 4. should be moved 5. were sent句式精讲1. I think were so good that well be asked to play in the Olympic Games. 本句中的sothat表示“如此以至于”，that引导结果状语从句。so后加形容词或副词原形。He ran so quickly that we couldnt keep up with him. 他跑得很快，我们跟不上他。【拓展】(1) so.that和such.that的区别：so.that和such.that的意思均为“如此以致”，都用来引导结果状语从句。但二者用法不尽相同，现归纳如下： 1) so.that结构中的so为副词，后面跟形容词或副词；such.that中的such为形容词，后面接名词(名词前可以有形容词或副词修饰)。例如：He became so angry that he couldnt speak.他变得很生气，以致于说不出话来。It was such a fine day that we went out for a walk.那是一个很晴朗的日子，我们出去散步。2) 当that前的名词有表示数量多少的many, much, few, little等修饰时，只能用so，不能用such。 例如：There was so much noise outside that we couldnt hear the teacher.外面嘈杂声很大，以致我们不能听到老师的话。He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.他跌了这么多的跤，以致全身青一块、紫一块的。【注意】若名词前的little解释为“小(的)”意思时，则仍用such, 而不能用so。 例如：It is such a little sheep that it cant run fast.它是一只小绵羊，它不能够跑得快。3) 当that前是单数可数名词且该名词前面有形容词修饰时，so与such可以互换，即：soadj.a/ann.sucha/anadj.n.。例如：She is so good a teacher that we all love her.She is such a good teacher that we all love her.她是一位好老师，我们都爱她。4) 当that前是不可数名词或复数可数名词时，则必须用such，不能用so来代替。例如：It was such fine weather that they all went swimming. 那是个好天气，他们都去游泳了。They are such nice apples that we would like to eat them. 它们是如此好的苹果，以致我们想吃它们。(2) so that 的用法：so that的意思是“为了、 以致”，它引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句。例如：They opened a technical training course so that the managers and clerks could attend it during their spare time他们开了一个技术训练班，为了经理和职员们在业余的时间可以去上课。Please switch the light on so that we can see what it is请开灯，让我们看一下它是什么东西。I took an early bus so that I got there in time我乘了早班公共汽车，及时到了那里。2. Theyre so mad with us that theyll try hard to win try to do sth.表示“努力做某事”，强调付出努力，但不一定成功。例如：Please try to finish this work in thirty minutes. 请尽量在30分钟内完成这项工作。He didnt try to do it. 他不肯努力去做这件事。Well try not to get to him. 我们将尽量不去打扰他。【拓展】 try doing sth.表示“尝试做某事”，含有“看结果如何”的意思。例如：She tried washing her hair with a new shampoo.她试着用一种新的洗发剂洗头发。 Why not try doing the maths problem in other ways. 为什么不试试用别的方法做这道数学题呢？3. So do I. 此句型为倒装结构，其主语与上文句子中的主语是不同的。so代表上句中陈述的肯定内容。do可以是连系动词、情态动词或助动词，且必须与上句中的谓语动词保持时态的一致，意思为“也是如此”。例如： I like playing basketball. 我喜欢打篮球。 So do I. （=I like playing basketball, too.） 我也喜欢。（第一句中的I与第二句中的I不是同一人） I am tired. 我很累。 So am I. （=I am tired, too.） 我也很累。 He can speak English very well. 他英语讲得很好。 So can she. （=She can speak English very well, too.） 她英语也讲得很好。 【拓展】“So+主语+do”的用法： 这是一种简单的答语，是对上文所说的情况加以肯定，其中so的意义相当于indeed, certainly，意为“的确如此，确实这样”。例如： He works hard. 他工作努力。 So he does, and so does his brother. 他确实是这样，他兄弟也是如此。 You went to see the film yesterday? 你昨天去看电影了。 So I did.是的，我看了。 He is a good student.他是个好同学。 So he is. 确实是这样。 4. Liu Xiang well be advised by his coach how to be a great sportsman, and by his manager how to be a star. (1) 本句是由连词and连接的两个并列的短语，说明by his coach how to be a great sportsman和by his manager how to be a star是并列的关系。 (2) 本句中Liu Xiang是动作的承受者，his coach和his manager是动作的执行者。本句是一般将来时的被动语态，其结构为：动作的承受者 + will + be + 动词的过去分词 + （by+动作的执行者）。例如： A new car factory will be built in our city. 在我们城市将要新建一个汽车制造厂。 (3) how to be a great sportsman 和how to be a star是“疑问词 + 不定式”的用法。在句中作动词advise的宾语。例如： They learned how to fish, how to carve bones and how to make clothes. 他们学会如何捕鱼，如何雕刻兽骨以及如何缝制衣服。5. Liu Xiang was helped by a special programme.help为动词，意为“帮助”，常用的句式有：(1) help sb (to) do sth意为“帮助某人做某事”，to可省略。例如：I helped her (to) find the bus stop. 我帮她找到了公共汽车站。Last week Ann helped him make a model plane. 上周Ann帮他做了一个飞机模型。(2) help sb with sth意为“在某方面帮助某人”。例如：Mr. Li often helps us with our English. 李老师经常帮我们学习英语。【拓展】help也可作名词，意为“帮助”，常用结构“with ones help/with the help of”意为“在的帮助下”。例如：Thank you for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。With the help of my friends, I finished the work very fast.在朋友们的帮助下，我很快完成了工作。With the teachers help, we passed the exam. 在老师的帮助下，我们通过了考试。句式精练I. 按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。1. He walked too slowly to catch up with us. (改为同义句) He walked _ slowly _ he couldnt catch up with us. 2. I was angry with him for keeping me waiting. (改为同义句) I was _ _ him for keeping me waiting.3. Most of the students dont agree on his travel plan. (改为同义句) Most of the students _ _ his travel plan.4. London held the first Expo in 1851. (改为同义句) The first Expo _ _ in London in 1851.5. We will discuss this question soon. (改为被动语态) This question _ _ _ soon.II. 根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。1. 他们没有机会打败湖人队。 They have _ _ to beat Lakers.2. 许多父母总是把自己的孩子与别人的作比较。 Many parents are always _ their own kids _ others.3. 我们总是被鼓励在课堂上讲英语。 We are always _ _ _ English in class.4. 那个足球俱乐部是去年建立的。 That football club _ _ _ last year.5. 别人建议母亲一个星期不要外出。 Mother _ _ _ keep indoors for a week.III. 单句改错。1. You wont allowed to smoke on the bus. _2. Some famous paintings will be show in the hall next week. _3. The library is built in the town two hundred years ago. _4. Who did the book written by? _5. The monkey was seen jump off the tree. _IV. 补全对话。(Sue=S Ken=K) S: Hello, Ken! Could you give me a lift? K: 1._, I dont have a car right now S: Oh, thats too bad! I want to go to the Central Hospital. K: Why? 2. _? S: No, Im all right. My English teacher is there. She is ill now and is to leave the hospital today.K: I see. 3. _? S: Ive already got some flowers from my mothers garden. K: Well, well. 4. _. S: But, what a pity! I cant see Linda now. No car and no driver. K: Wrong. You have a good driver here. 5. _. S: Really? Thats great. Its very kind of you, Ken. K: Its my pleasure.A. Why not take some flowers with you B. Im really sorry C. Thats wonderful D. Are you ill? E. I can borrow a car and take you there参考答案I. 按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。1. so; that 2. mad with 3. disagree with 4. was held 5. will be discussedII. 根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。1. no chance 2. comparing; with 3. encouraged to speak 4. was set up 5. was advised toIII. 单句改错。1. You wont be allowed to smoked on the bus.2. Some famous paintings will be shown in the hall next week.3. The library was built in the town two hundred years ago.4. Who was the book written by?5. The monkey was seen to jump off the tree.IV. 补全对话。1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. E Module 3 Sporting life综合能力演练I. 单项选择。1Many college students _ join the army in 2009 Ais encouraged to Bencouraged to Care encouraged to Dwere encouraged to2 Do you think Frank will be chosen to _ his class at the school sports meeting? Yes，I think so Astand Binfluence Creply Drepresent3 Which sport are you in at the school sports meeting? No decision yetI think it _ after discussing with my PE teacher，Mr Yuan Awill be decided Bwill decide Cwas decided Dis decided4My English teacher _ me to speak English more in class Aadviced Badvised Cwas advised Dis advised5 When and where was the 30th Olympic Games held? It _ in London，_ July 27, 2012Awas hold；in B. was held；onCwere held；in Dbe held；on6Did Zhang Yinings training programme _ a lot of her time? Atake up Bset up Cgrow up Dlook up7 Whats the matter?They said I should not be allowed _ hereThey dont allow _ in the waiting room Asmoking；to smoke Bto smoke；smoke Cto smoke；smoking Dsmoking；smoking8The programme was _ to help homeless children Alaughed at Bset up Cput up Dfound out9 Why do you look so tired? _ I am writing a report for the newspaperAWhen BBecause CUntil DAlthough10 Did they _ the final game? Sorry，I have no idea Abeat Bdefeat Cwin Dlook11 What do you think of the match? It was _ exciting that we were all excited about it Aso Bvery Ctoo Dquite12 look! The tree is growing wellWhen _? Three years ago Awas it planted Bdid it plant Cwill it be planted Dis it planted13 Do you like HAS?Yes，I doI saw HAS _ several times last seasonAto play Bplayed Cplay Dplays14 _do you have sports? Twice a week AHow long BHow soon CHow many DHow often1 5 You are playing basketball really well, Jack _ AI agree BSo do I CReally? Thank you DYou are welcome. 完形填空。David Beckham was born in 1975 in LondonWhen he was a young boy，his 1 talent was in footballHe played it whenever he had the chanceSometimes he would go and watch a game with his friendsWhen David Beckham was 12 years old，he 2 the Bobby Charlton Soccer Skills awardIt was an important step 3 this young boy，and it helped him 4 for a visit to a football training camp in SpainAs a boy he 5 schools of Essex and also for his country teamHe could make the ball 6 from left to right，or right to left But March 14，2010 was the 7 day for David BeckhamThe famous English football 8 badly hurt his left heel(脚跟) in a gameHe shouted in tears：“Its broken(骨折了)，its broken!”Beckham wanted to play for the England national football team in the 2010 World CupBut the injury(伤势) broke his hopeThe World Cup would start in three monthsDoctors 9 that Beckham wouldnt get well that fastBut Beckham still went to South AfricaHe went 10 an ambassador(大使) for Englands 2018 World Cup bid(申办活动)1Abest Bgreatest Cworst Dimportant2Awon Bwin Cbrought Dbeat3Aas Bto Cwith Dfor4Agoing Bwent Cdid Dto go5Aplayed for Bplayed on Cplayed with Dplayed in6Ato go Bgo Cgoing Dwent7Alucky Bgood Cnice Dworst8Ateacher Bdoctor Cplayer Dworker9Aspoke Btold Ctalked Dsaid10Aas Bfor Clike DwithIII. 阅读理解。A Henry works in a factoryHe comes from a poor family and was in school for only four yearsHe has to do the hard work, but he is paid lessHe likes to watch football matches very much and spends much time on them One afternoon there was a big football match on the playgroundHe borrowed some money from his friend and hurried thereThere were a lot of people the