现在完成时的用法.doc

现在完成时的用法A.定义： 现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。 We are good friends. (现在的情况） I knew him in 1997.（过去的动作） We have known each other since 1997. We have been good friends since 1997.（现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在）1.Tom has come.(暗示他已经来了）2. I have borrowed my bike to Bob.（暗示我的自行车已不在这里）B.基本用法：1.未完成用法。 表示动作或状态开始于过去，一直延续到现在，可能继续发展.也可能刚刚结束。He has been in the army for ten yearsI have studied English since 1980.He has lived here all his life.注意：be, live, study 都是延续性动词。短暂性动词如何转变延续性动词1.buy-have borrow-keep come/go/become-be get married to sb-be married to sb2.be+adj/adv die-be dead leave-be away from open-be open finish/end- be over begin/start-be on closebe closed come-be here go out-be out3.be+n join the party-be a party member go to school-be a student join the army-be a soldier注意：延续性动词常与since,for,how long句型连用(练习)1.I_ this MP5 for 2 years.I like it very much. A.have bought B.have had C.bought2.“The man died five years ago.”means “That man _for five years.” A.has died B.has been dead c.is dead2. 完成性用法 表示动作或状态到说话时已经完成，也可能刚刚结束。，通常所产生的结果把过去的动作和状态和现在联系起来。He has gone to Shanghai. 他已经去了上海。I have already eaten my lunch. 我已经吃完了午饭。C.结构：have/has+done （have/has为助动词）D.标志词 since +过去时间点或句子（过去时）, for+时间段，ever（曾经）；never，just(刚刚），yet (否，疑），already(肯），recently（最近）.标志短语 so far(到目前为止），in the last/past+时间段（在过去的.），over the years.E.Have/has been to have/has gone to. 和have/has been in的区别have/has been to表示现在已不在那里.have/has gone to表示向某地出发或正在去某地的途中，总之说话时该人不在现场.have/has been in表示已经在某地呆了多长时间，常与一段时间连用.（练习）1.我曾经去过北京三次。2.Tom 在哪里？他去了图书馆。3.他的朋友已经在美国三年了.F.在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时和一般过去时都与过去有关，但前者强调对“现在”的影响或结果，而后者只表示过去发生了一件事，和现在没有关系。 I have lived here for 5 years.(强调现在还住在这里） I lived here for 5 years.(强调现在不住在这里了）1. A: 火车已经开走了. B: 什么时候开走的? A: 半个小时之前开走的.2. A: 这本书我已经买了两年了. B: 你在哪儿买的? A: 在我老家买的.3. A: 你看过这部电影吗? B: 看过. A: 什么时候看的. B: 上周星期天看的.用括号中所给的动词的适当形式完成下列句子。1. Mary _(lose) her pen. _ you _ (see) it here and there?2. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?3. -Are you thirsty? -NO, I _ just _ (have) some orange.4. We _already _ (return) the book.5. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village?6. -Has Tom taught you English?-Yes, he _ (teach) us English for two years.7. I _ (not finish) my homework yet. Can you help me?8. What _ they _ (do) with the newspaper? They have read them.9. - The door is open. Who _ (open) it? Do you know?- Sorry, I dont know.10. My father _ (read) the novel twice.11. Wu Dong _ (be) a soldier for one year.12. The students _ (study) in the middle school since last month.13. How long _ you _(know) him?14. Mike _ (make) quite a few friends since he came to China.15. I _ (give) my friend a nice book recently.16. Li Pi