unit 1过去进行时讲义.doc

中小学1对1课外辅导专家龙文教育个性化辅导教案讲义 任教科目： 英语授课题目：过去进行时与it用法 年 级：八年级任课教师： 陈双莲授课对象： 王梓恒武汉龙文个性化教育 常青 校区 教研组组长签字： 教学主任签名： 日 期： 武汉龙文教育学科辅导讲义授课对象王梓恒授课教师陈双莲授课时间2月 日授课题目过去进行时与it用法课 型新授课使用教具笔、讲义、白纸教学目标1掌握过去进行时的结构用法2 掌握过去进行时与一般过去时的区别3 掌握it的各种用法教学重点和难点1 过去进行时的用法2 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别3 it作形式主语、形式宾语的用法4 it的固定句型参考教材 新目标八年级下教学流程及授课详案一 过去进行时(一）定义 过去进行时，是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作。（二）结构 was/were +doing (现在分词）（三）用法 1、过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while例如：（1）We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.（2）What was he researching all day last Sunday?（3）My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.（4）It was raining when they left the station.（5）When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.2. 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。如：What was she doing at nine oclock yesterday?昨天晚上九点她在做什么？ (介词短语表示时间点)When I saw him he was decorating his room.当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。 (when从句表示时间点)3. 在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例如：While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.他边等车边看报。 (两个动作都是延续的)He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.他擦车时我在做饭。(两个动作同时进行)4、表示在过去即将发生的动作。如： She asked him whether he was coming back for supper.5、表示过去的反复性或习惯性的动作，常与副词always,constantly,continually,frequently等连用，常常带有说话人的某种感情色彩。如：His mother was always working like that.他目前总是那样工作。6. 通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有：agree, be, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have(拥有), hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish等。例如：误：I was knowing the answer.正：I knew the answer. 我知道答案。误：I wasnt understanding him.正：I didnt understand him. 我不明白他的意思。典型例题：1) Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，“玛丽在做衣服时”提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep.A. read; was fallingB. was reading; fellC. was reading; was fallingD. read;fell 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为当之时。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。（四）过去进行时和一般过去时的区别 1一般过去时叙述旧事，过去进行时描述背景。、一般过去时）叙述过去状态、动作或事件He went to Beijing the other day.（带具体时间）表示过去的习惯a) would ,used to与过去时would 表间断性不规则的习惯，常带频率时间used to 表一贯性有规律的习惯They used to meet and would sometimes exchange one or two words.He smoked a lot two years ago. （过去行为）b) Would 用于文中不用于句首，只表过去习惯。Used to 表今昔对比的含义，叙述习惯动作可与would 换用。When he was a boy , he would often go there . （叙述过去）She isnt what she used to be. (今昔对比)c) 表示状态时一般只用used toTom used to be fat /There used to stand a tree there. (状态)d) was (were) used to +ving表示“合适于，适应于.”He used to work at night . (“习惯”表经常)He was used to working at night. (习惯表适应)）表示过去的经历，平行动作，依此事件用一般过去时。He sat there and listened to the radio.(依此发生)）表示客气委婉的语气，用于情态动词，助动词和want , wonder , hope 等How did you like the film? / Could you help me?B. 过去进行时表示在过去某阶段或某一时刻正在发生What were you doing at 8:30 last night? (过去某时刻正在发生)短暂性动词用过去进行时表示按计划、打算During that time he was going with us.(表示打算)与always ,often ,usually 等连用表喜爱，讨厌等感情色彩。He was always Changing his mind.2、过去进行时与一般过去时的区别（1）过去进行时与一般过去时，两者都表示过去发生的动作,但过去进行时表示在过去某一特定的时间点或时间段正在进行的动作,而一般过去时表示在过去时间完成的动作例如: I was typing a letter last night. 昨晚我在打一封信(可能没打完) I typed some letters last night. 我昨晚打了一些信(已经打完) A. 过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成，而一般过时往往表示某一动作已经完成。I was reading the book at that time. (未读完，“读”的片段)I read the book yesterday. (已读完，表整个“读”)B、一般过去时表示只做一次动作，而过去进行时却表示动作反复地进行。 She waved to me. 她朝我挥了挥手。 It was raining all night.(优先用was raining ,rained 为持续动词，故也可使用)He was writing a letter the whole of afternoon. (短暂动词与持续时间连用，表反复，连续发生，不可用一般过去时)when 和while的用法区别 两者的区别如下： when是at or during the time that, 既指时间点，也可指一段时间； while是during the time that，只指一段时间，因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。 when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后发生；while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。 由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时；如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导，如： a. When the teacher came in, we were talking. 当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为： While we were talking, the teacher came in. b They were singing while we were dancing.巩固练习1. I _ cooked a meal when you _ me.a. cooked, were ringing b. was cooking, rangc. was cooking, were ringing d. cooked, rang2. He said he _ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.a. tries b. tried c. was trying d. will try3. While she _ TV, she _ a sound outside the room.a. was watching, was hearing b. watched, was hearing c. watched, heard d. was watching, heard4. They _ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.a. were watching b. watch c. watched d. are watching5. What book _ you _ when I _ you at four yesterday afternoon?a. did, read, was seeing b. did, read, saw c. were, reading, saw d. were, reading, was seeing6. It was Friday evening. Mr and Mrs. Green _ ready to fly to England.a. are getting b. get c. were getting d. got7. Lei Feng _ always _ of others when he _ in the army.a. is, thinking, was b. was, thinking, is c. did, think, is d. was, thinking, was8. A girl _ my pen fall off the table when she _ me.a. saw, passed b. was seeing, passed c. was seeing, passed d. was seeing, was passing9. We _ for tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us _.a. were waiting, waiting b. were waiting, wait c. waited, waiting d. waited, wait10. He _ his father on the farm the whole afternoon last Saturday.a. helps b. would help c. was helping d. is helping11. While mother _ some washing, I _ a kite for Kate.a. did, made b. was doing, made c. was doing, was making d. did, was making12. “_ you angry then?” “they _ too much noise.”a. are, were making b. were, were making c. are, made d. were, made13. He _ some cooking at that time, so _ mea. did, heard b. did, didnt hear c. was doing, heard d. was doing, didnt hear14. This time yesterday jack _ his bike. He _ TVa. repaired, didnt watch b. was repairing, watchedc. repaired, watched d. was repairing, wasnt watching15. His parents wanted to know how he _ on with his new classmates.a. was getting b. gets c. is getting d. will get二 it用法考点一：it用作代词1.指代无生命的事物，动物，植物2.代表前文已提到的或下文要出现的一件事物。3.代替指示代词this,that.eg: -What is this? -Its a book.4.未指明但谈话双方都明白的事物或情况。5.说话者不清楚性别的人或婴儿。eg:-Who is knocking at the door?-Its me.Who is it spesking?（电话用语）你是谁？-Who is making such a noise?-It must be the children.6.表示天气，气候，温度，时间，地点，距离，环境，季节，自然现象，环境，日期等。7.表示一般的笼统的情况。eg: How is it going with you?你近况如何？考点二：作形式宾语将真正的宾语不定式，动名词及从句后置。某些动词如：enjoy, like, love, prefer, dislike, dont mind,feel like, see to,hate,apprecite等表好恶的词，后面若没有宾语，而要接if,when引导的宾语从句，应用it 作形式宾语，将宾语从句后置。考点三：作形式主语Its+adj +for sb to do sth. 形容词修饰to doIts+adj +of sb to do sth. 形容词修饰sb的品质eg:Its difficult for us to finish the work. Its kind of you to help us.考点四：用于强调句型 It is / was + 被强调部分 + that / who + 其他部分被强调部分为人时可用that / who，被强调部分为物时用thatIt was Jim that / who I saw in the street.It was in the street that I saw Jim.考点五：引起表时间的句型1. It+be+一段时间+since从句.从句的谓语动词是非延续动词时，译为“自以来”;若从句的谓语动词是延续性动词，译为“自结束以来”eg:Its 10 years since he gave up smoking. =Its 10 years since he smoking.自他戒烟以来已经10年了。2. It+be+一段时间+before从句3.It/This/That +be+the first/second/thirdtime +that从句 当主句谓语动词为is,从句用现在完成时，当主句谓语动词为was,从句用过去完成时4.Its (high) time that 从句用过去时态或should do(should不可省略)虚拟。5.Its time for sb to do sth.考点六：含it 的一些固定用法as it is/was 事实上，实际情况是； make/help it 成功；worth it值得；foot it步行；as sb puts it 正如所说的那样 巩固练习1. In summer _ hotter in Shanghai than in Beijing.A. it is B. it were C. there is D. this is2.Was it in 1969 _the American astronaut succeeded _landing on the moon?A.when;on B.that;on C.when; in D.that; in3.Was_that I saw last night at the concert?A.it you B.not you C.you D.that yourself4.There is a photo on the wall._ a photo of Marx.A.It B.Its C.Its D.Hes5.The teacher kept telling him that he should work harder, but _didnt help.A.it B.he C.which D.she 6.Is_possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?A.this B.man C.that D.it7.He felt_ his duty to help the poor. A.its B.its C.that D.it8.It _Mike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago.A.was B.are C.were D.had been9.How long _ to finish the work?A. youll take B.will take you C.youll take it D.will it take you 10.It was through Jack_Mary got to know Bob