09--10(一学期)专二B试题.doc

本试卷适应范围专科二年级 南京农业大学试题纸09- 09-10 学年 一 学期 课程类型：必修 试卷类型：B课程 班级 学号 姓名 成绩 Part I Writing注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of the Best Ways to Keep Healthy. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow: 1. 许多人同意：人生在世身体健康数第一2.如何保持健康3.你的具体做法Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning ) (15 minutes)Universities Branch Out As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability. In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students form around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative (合作的) research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity.Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at Americas best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K. In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members at the top research universities received their graduate education abroad. Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 students participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2,200 participating institutions across the continent. And in the United States, institutions are helping place students in summer internships (实习) abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship opportunity-and providing the financial resources to make it possible. Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghais Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter laboratory facility. Yale faculty, post-doctors and graduate students visit regularly and attend videoconference seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xus Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducting research in china, and Chinese graduate students, post-doctors and faculty get on-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his U.S. team. As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led the world in the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe computer and the integrated circuit of the 1960s to the Internet infrastructure (基础设施) and applications software of the 1990s. The link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University, and Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard. Around the world, governments have encouraged copying of this model, perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnology companies have set up shop around the university. For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining the research-university model. Most politician recognize the link between investment in science and national economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003, but has risen more slowly than inflation since then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per year. American politicians have great difficulty recognizing that admitting more foreign students can greatly promote the national interest by increasing international understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake of September 11, changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. Universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K. Objections from American university and business leaders led to improvements in the process and a reversal of the decline, but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students. Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nations well-being through their scientific research, but many fear that foreign students threaten American competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home. They fail to grasp that welcoming foreign students to the United States has two important positive effects: first, the very best of them stay in the States and like immigrants throughout history-strengthen the nation; and second, foreign students who study in the United States become ambassadors for many of its most cherished (珍视) values when they return home. Or at least they understand them better. In America as elsewhere, few instruments of foreign policy are as effective in promoting peace and stability as welcoming international university students.1. From the first paragraph we know that present-day universities have become_.A) more and more research-oriented B) in-service training organizationsC) more popularized than ever before D) a powerful force for global integration2. Over the past three decades, the enrollment of overseas students has increased_.A) by 2.5 million B) by 800,000 C) at an annual rate of 3.9 percent D) at an annual rate of 8 percent3. In the United States, how many of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born?A) 10% B) 20% C)30% D)38%4. How do Yale and Harvard prepare their undergraduates for global careers?A) They organize a series of seminars on world economy.B) They offer them various courses in international politics.C) They arrange for them to participate in the Erasmus program.D)They give them chances for international study or internship.5. An example illustrating the general trend of universities globalization is _.A) Yales collaboration with Fudan University on genetic researchB) Yales helping Chinese universities to launch research projectsC) Yales students exchange program with European institutionsD) Yales establishing branch campuses throughout the world6. What do we learn about Silicon Valley from the passage?A) It houses many companies spun off from MIT and Harvard.B) It is known to be the birthplace of Microsoft Company.C) It was intentionally created by Stanford University.D) It is where the Internet infrastructure was built up.7. What is said about the U.S. federal funding for research?A) It has increased by 3 percent. B) It has been unsteady for years.C) It has been more than sufficient. D) It doubled between 1998 and 2003.8. The dramatic decline in the enrollment of foreign students in the U.S. after September 11 was caused by _.9. Many Americans fear that American competitiveness may be threatened by foreign students who will_.10. The policy of welcoming foreign students can benefit the U.S. in that the very best of them will stay and _.Part III Reading Comprehension (reading in depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 11 to 20 are based on the following passage.Years ago, doctors often said that pain was a normal part of life. In particular, when older patients _11_ of pain, they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it.Times have changed. Today, we take pain _12_. Indeed, pain is now considered the fifth vital sign, as important as blood pressure, temperature, breathing rate and pulse in _13_ a persons well-being. We know that chronic (慢性的) pain can disrupt (扰乱) a persons life, causing problems that _14_ from missed work to depression.Thats why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who _15_ in pain medicine. Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help provide comprehensive therapy for depression and other psychological and social _16_ related to chronic pain. Such comprehensive therapy often _17_ the work of social workers, psychiatrists (心理医生) and psychologists, as well as specialists in pain medicine.This modern _18_ for pain management has led to a wealth of innovative treatments which are more effective and with fewer side effects than ever before. Decades ago, there were only a _19_ number of drugs available, and many of them caused _20_ side effects in older people, including dizziness and fatigue. This created a double-edged sword: the medications helped relieve the pain but caused other problems that could be worse than the pain itself.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答A)resultI)determiningB)involvesJ)limitedC)significantK)gravelyD)rangeL)complainedE)relievedM)respectF)issuesN)promptingG)seriouslyO)specializeH)magnificentSection BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 30 are based on the following passage.Ive been writing for most of my life. The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously. The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so.Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting (稍纵即逝的) thought, the thought will die. If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand. You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is.The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.” In free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15-20 minutes. No stopping, no going back, no criticizing. The goal is to get the words flowing. As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that youve persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.Instead of staring at a blank start filling it with words no matter how bad. Halfway through you available time, stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product. Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。21.When the author says the creative mind and the critical mind “cannot work in parallel” (Line 4, Para. 1) in the writing process, he means _.A) no one can be both creative and criticalB) they cannot be regarded as equally importantC) they are in constant conflict with each otherD) one cannot use them at the same time22.What prevents people from writing on is _.A) putting their ideas in raw formB) attempting to edit as they writeC) ignoring grammatical soundnessD) trying to capture fleeting thoughts23.What is the chief objective of the first stage of writing?A) To organize ones thoughts logically.B) To choose an appropriate topic.C) To get ones ideas down.D) To collect raw materials.24.One common concern of writers about “free writing” is that _.A) it overstresses the role of the creative mindB) it takes too much time to edit afterwardsC) it may bring about too much criticismD) it does not help them to think clearly25.In what way does the critical mind help the writer in the writing process?A) It refines his writing into better shape.B) It helps him to come up with new ideas.C) It saves the writing time available to him.D) It allows him to sit on the side and observe.Passage TwoI dont ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what its like to work in a field dominated by men. I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting. What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space-time and the nature of black holes.At 19, when I began studying astrophysics, it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me. My every achievementjobs, research papers, awardswas viewed through the lens of gender (性别) politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相对于) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I dont talk about that anymore. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didnt want to deal with gender issues. Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist? After all, I dont study sociology or political theory.Today I research and teach at Barnard, a womens college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how may of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45. I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. And I dont dismiss those concerns. Still, I dont tell them “war” stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And thats a sight worth talking about.26.Why doesnt the author want to talk about being a woman scientist again?A) She feels unhappy working in male-dominated fields.B) She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination.C) She is not good at telling stories of the kind.D) She finds space research more important.27.From Paragraph 2, we can infer that people would attribute the authors failures to _.A) the very fact that she is a womanB) her involvement in gender politicsC) her over-confidence as a female astrophysicistD) the burden she bears in a male-dominated society28.What did the author constantly fight against while doing her Ph.D. and