大学专业英语试卷.doc

姓名: 学号: 系别: 年级专业: ( 密 封 线 内 不 答 题 )密封线线_ _ 专 业 英 语 试卷得分一、选择题 (阅读下列描述，从A、B、C、D四个答案中选择正确的一个；共20分，每小题2分) 1. 1H and 2H are _ and occupy the same position in periodic Table. ( ) A. isomersB. isotopes C. redox bodiesD. amphoteric compounds2. Compared to the charge and mass of a proton, an electron has _. ( ) A. the same charge and a smaller mass B. the same charge and the same mass C. an opposite charge and a smaller mass D. an opposite charge and the same mass3. The substances on the left side of a chemical equation are known as_. ( ) A. reactant(s)B. reactor(s) C. reductant(s)D. reaction(s) 4. Which of the following belongs to the family of nitrites?( ) A. HNO3B. KNO2C. Mg3N2D. NH35. Which of the following is classified into the family of transition elements?( ) A. siliconB. TinC. HeliumD. copper6. Reaction CH4 +Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl is a(an) _ reaction.( ) A. substitution B. oxidation C. reduction D. exchange7. When combining with nonmetallic atoms, metallic atoms generally _. ( ) A. lose electrons and form negative ions B. lose electrons and form positive ions C. gain electrons and from negative ions D. gain electrons and form positive ions8. In a molecule of CH4, the hydrogen atoms are spatially oriented toward the centers of a regular _. ( ) A. pyramidB. tetrahedronC. squareD. rectangle9. Which element can be found in nature in the free (uncombined) state? ( ) A. CaB. BaC. AuD. Al10. Which of the following pairs of compounds present isomers? ( ) A. 1-propanol and 2-propanol B. propyne and cyclopropane C. methanol and methanal D. ethane and ethanol得分二、化学物质与命名 (将下表中物质的化学式、英文名和中文名填写完整；共 20分 每题 2 分) 编号化学物质中文名英文名 (IUPAC)化学式 (结构式)1锌2氯化钠姓名: 学号: 系别: 年级专业: ( 密 封 线 内 不 答 题 )密封线线3diphosphorus pentoxide4ammonium nitrate 5ferrous hydroxide6Potassium permanganate 7乙烯8环己烷9n-butanol10得分三、词汇题 (将中文词组翻译成英文；对英文缩写写出全名，并给出中文释义；共 20分 每题2分)1. IUPAC 2. ppm (p.p.m.) 3. CPU 4. ACS5. DGUT 6. 过渡金属氧化物 7. 无机化学 8. 官能团 9. 半导体 10. 命名法 得分四、句子英译汉 (将下列英文句子翻译成中文，尽可能翻译的清晰、流畅和专业；共 20分 每题4分)1. Air pollution is normally defined as air that contains one or more chemicals in high enough concentrations to harm humans, other animals, vegetation or materials. 2. A polymer is a large molecule (macromolecule) composed of repeating structural units connected by covalent (共价的) chemical bonds. 3. An important aspect (方面) of nanotechnology is that the specified surface areas of many nanoscale materials increase vastly as compared to their bulk counterparts. 4. The scientific notation (exponential notation) provides a convenient way to write both very huge and very small numbers. (exponential 指数；指数的)姓名: 学号: 系别: 年级专业: ( 密 封 线 内 不 答 题 )密封线线5. For the past decade, the chemical and physical properties of fullerenes (富勒烯) have been a hot topic in the field of research, and are likely to continue to be for a long time.得分五、短文翻译 (将下面英文短文完整翻译成中文，尽可能翻译的清晰、流畅和专业；共 20分 每题20分)Green chemistry, also called sustainable chemistry, is a new philosophy (n. 哲学，哲学思想体系) of chemical research and engineering that encourages the design of products and processes to minimize the use and generation of hazardous substances. Whereas environmental chemistry is a science of the natural environment, and of pollutant chemicals in nature, green chemistry seeks (v. 寻求，致力于) to reduce and prevent pollution at its source. In 1990 the Pollution Prevention Act (n. 法案，法令) was passed in the United States. This act helped create a modus operandi (拉丁语 - 手法，作法) for dealing with pollution in an original and innovative way. It directly aims to avoid problems before they happen. As a chemical philosophy, the concept of green chemistry is ready to apply to organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, biochemistry, analytical chemistry, and even physical chemistry. It seems to focus on industrial processes, while this concept does apply to any chemistry discipline. Click chemistry (速配组合化学、动态组合化学) is often described as a new strategy of chemical synthesis that is well consistent with the goals of green chemistry. The focus is on minimizing the hazard and maximizing the efficiency of any chemical system. This is distinct from environmental chemistry which focuses on chemical phenomena in the environmental processes. The term green chemistry was coined by Paul Anastas in 1991.得分一、选择题 (阅读下列描述，从A、B、C、D四个答案中选择正确的一个；共20分，每小题2分) 评分标准：唯一正确答案，错选、多选、不答题均为0分1. B 2. C3. A 4. B 5. D6. A 7. B8. B9. C10. A得分二、化学物质与命名 (将下表中物质的化学式、英文名和中文名填写完整；共 20分 每题 2 分)评分标准：唯一正确答案，错答、不答题均为0分编号化学物质中文名英文名 (IUPAC)化学式 (结构式)1锌ZincZn2氯化钠Sodium chlorideNaCl3五氧化二磷diphosphorus pentoxideP2O54硝酸铵ammonium nitrate NH4NO35氢氧化亚铁ferrous hydroxideFe(OH)26高锰酸钾Potassium permanganate KMnO47乙烯etheneCH2CH28环己烷Cyclohexane9正丁醇n-butanolCH3CH2CH2CH2-OH101-环丁基戊烷1-cyclobutylpentane得分三、词汇题 (将中文词组翻译成英文；对英文缩写写出全名，并给出中文释义；共 20分 每题2分)评分标准：参考本答案；错答、不答题均为0分，名词单数或复数均为正确答案；个别复杂单词微小拼写错误适当扣分0.5-1分1. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 国际纯粹与应用化学联合会2. parts per million, 百万分之一姓名: 学号: 系别: 年级专业: ( 密 封 线 内 不 答 题 )密封线线3. central process unit, 中央处理单元 / 中央处理器4. American Chemical Society, 美国化学会5. Dongguan University of Technology, 东莞理工学院6. Transition metal oxide(s)7. inorganic chemistry8. functional group(s)9. semiconductor(s)10. Nomenclature得分四、句子英译汉 (将下列英文句子翻译成中文，尽可能翻译的清晰、流畅和专业；共 20分 每题4分)评分标准：本答案仅供参考，只要翻译通顺流畅又不偏离本意，可给满分；翻译有明显偏差或者遗漏，酌情给2分；翻译不偏离本意，但是不够通顺流畅，酌情适当扣0.5-2分 1. 空气污染通常是指空气中包含一种或者多种化学物质，其浓度过高，足以伤害人类、其他动物、植物或材料。 2. 聚合物是由重复的结构单元通过共价键连接构成的非常大的大分子 (大分子)。3. 纳米技术的一个重要方面是：与相应的块体材料相比，许多纳米尺度材料的比表面积急剧增加。4. 对于表达非常大或者非常小的数字，科学计数法 (指