模具外文翻译.doc

无锡职业技术学院毕业设计说明书1.PrefaceA molding tool is go together with by numerous spare parts set but become, the quality of spare parts directly influences the quality of molding tool, but the end quality of spare parts again is process by the Jing to complete the assuring, so say that the control good Jing processes a relation important. The molding tool that is in the domestic majority makes a business enterprise, the Jing processes the method of stage adoption to generally whet to pare and give or get an electric shock to process and benchwork handle.Want to control good spare parts to transform at this stage, many technique parameters such as internal help dint, shape business trip and size accuracy etc., in the concrete production the fulfillment, operation difficulty more, but still have many valid line an experience method worthy of draw lessons from. 2.The process control that the molding tool Jing processThe molding tool spare parts process, a total instruction thought aims at a different material, different shape, the different technique request carries on adaptability to process and it has certain plasticity, can pass to the control for process and attain to so process effect. According to the external appearance shape of the spare parts dissimilarity, mostly can divide 3 types of spare partses:Stalk, plank with abnormal shape spare parts, it common craft process to the order of:Thick process-hot processing(Cui fire, adjust quality)-the Jing whet-the electricity process-benchwork(surface processing)-the set go together with to process. 2.1 Spare parts hot processingThe hot processing work of the spare parts preface, also need to carry on a control to the internal help dint at the time of making the spare parts acquire the degree of hardness of request, while promising that the spare parts process the stability of size, the different material has different treatment respectively.Along with in recent years the development of molding tool industry, the material category of usage increased, in addition to Cr12、40 Crses, Cr12 MoVses, hard quality metal alloy, to some work strengths big, is engrave by dint Ke of convex and cave mold, can choose to use a new material powder metal alloy steel, like V10, ASP23 etc.ses, this kind of material has higher hot stability and good organization appearance. Aim at with Cr12 MoV for the spare parts of material, at thick process juniors to go a Cui fire processing, the work pieces existence very greatly saves to stay in response to the dint after the Cui fire and easily cause the Jing process or work in open crack, spare parts Cui fire after should take advantage o heat to return to fire, remove Cui fire in response to the dint.The Cui fire temperature control is in 900-1020 , then cool off to 200-220 to come out empty cold, quickly return to stove later on 220 return to fire, this kind of method is called a hardening craft, can acquire higher strength and bear to whet sex, for with wear away for main expiration form of the molding tool effect be better.Produce medium meet some turn Cape more, the shape complicated work piece, return to fire to return shortage with cancellation the Cui fire is in response to the dint, the Jing process ago still need to carry on to back fire or many time limited efficacy a processing in response to the dint, well release in response to the dint. Aim at V10, the APS23 etc. powder metal alloy steel spare parts, because it can bear heat to return to fire, Cui fire can adopt two hardening crafts, 1050-1080 Cui fires, use again 490-520 heat return to fire and carry on many times, can acquire higher impact tenacity and stability, to with collapse blade for main expiration form of the molding tool applies very much.The powder metal alloy steel builds price higher, but its function good, is become a kind of extensive usage trend. 2.2 The spare parts whets to pare to processThe tool machine which whets to pare to process an adoption has three kinds of main types:Flat surface grinding machine, inside outside circle grinding machine and tool whet.The Jing toes strictly control to whet to pare to transform and whet a creation of pare the crack when the Jing processes to whet to pare, even is a very small crack, will also rear in follow-uply process the usage.Therefore, the Jing whet of enter knife to want small, cant greatly cool off a liquid to want well, the size business trip wants the constant temperature to as far as possible whet to pare in the spare parts within 0.01 mms.BE can know by the calculation, the 300 mms grow of steel piece, difference in temperature 3 , the material contains 10.8 m or so varieties, 10.8=1.2 s 3 s 3(the each 100 mms transform to measure 1.2 ms/), each Jing process the work prefaces all need full consideration this factor of influence. The Jing whet the choice very fittingly whets to pare emery wheel very important, aim at the Mu condition of Gao Fan2 Gao of molding tool steel material, choose to use a GD list crystal just the jade emery wheel relatively applied, be processed hard quality metal alloy, Cui fire degree of hardness Gao of material, have the initiative adoption organic glue the diamond emery wheel of knot, organic glued a knot emery wheel from whet benefit like, the work piece coarseness which whets can reach Ra=0.2 ms, in recent years, along with new the application of material, CBN emery wheel, also namely sign square Boron Nitride emery wheel to display to very so process effect, at number control to model to whet, sit mark grinding machine, inside CNC outside circle grinding machine top the Jing process, effect better than other category emery wheels.Whet to pare to process medium, notice to fix the whole emery wheel in time, keep the keenness of emery wheel, be after emery wheel bluntness turn, meeting at work piece surface slippery wipe, squeeze, result in work piece the surface burn and the strength lower. The plank spare parts processes greatly part of adoption flat surface grinding machines to process, often meet a kind of long but thin lamella spare parts in process and process of this kind of spare parts is more difficult.Because process, under the adsorption of the magnetic force, the work piece creation form change, tightly stick after work set surface, be taking down a work piece, work piece again produce a reply to transform, the thickness measures consistently, but parallelism could not reach to request, the way for solve can adopt to separate Ci to whet to pare a method and whet to pare with wait Gao Kuai4 Dian4 under the work piece, on all sides block a piece to refuse, process small enter knife, many light knife, process like one noodles after, can need not again the mat wait a high piece, directly adsorb to process, so ameliorable whet to pare effect, attain parallelism to request. The stalk spare parts has to turn round noodles, it process extensive adoption inside outside circle grinding machine and tool grinding machine.Process process in, head and the peak equal to and female line, if its existence jumps about a problem and process of the work piece same will produce this problem, influence the quality of spare parts, so want to work well before process an and top examination work.Cool off a liquid to want to well sprinkle to whet to pare contact position while carrying on whetting to pare inside the bore, for the convenience of in whet to pare of smoothly eject.Process thin wall stalk spare parts, had better adopt to clip to hold a craft set, clip the tight dint cant lead greatly, otherwise easy at work piece circumference up the creationinside triangle transform. 2.3 The electricity processes a controlThe molding tool factory of modern, cant be in need of an electricity to process, giving or get an electric shock to process can carry on process to the every variety abnormal shape and high degree of hardness spare parts, it is divided into line to incise with electricity spark 2 kind. Slowly walk the silk thread incise to process accuracy and can reach the 0.003 mms, rough degree Ra=0.2 ms.Check the condition of tool machine first while processing a beginning, look into water of go to the ion degree, water temperature, silk of perpendicular degree, tension etc. each factor, insure to goodly process appearance.Lines incising to process be in a the whole piece of material up in addition to process, it broke a work piece original in response to the dint balance very easily cause in response to the dint concentrated, especially is turn Cape, so when R0.2(especially sharp Cape), should to design a section to put forward an improvement to suggest.Process medium processing in response to dint concentration of method, can make use of vector even move principle, the Jing process ago stay remaining first to measure a 1 mm or so, prepare to process mostly shape, then carry on a hot processing, let to process to in advance release before process in the Jing in response to the dint, promise a hot stability. While processing a convex mold, the choice of the position and path of the correspond of silk wants to cautiously consider.The work piece is left to carry to clip to hold, choice route while process the is good friends with than the route , because the route work piece and clip of material hold part allied connect close, process stability, if adopt route , the first enter knife after, work piece become hang a wall form, is differ by dint, influence several follow-up time to process.Route , the adoption beats bore to wear silk to process and the effect is the best.Gao Jing Xian4 incises to process and usually incise a number for four times can promise spare parts quality.While processing to take a cave mold of have the awl degree, the position been in the light of quickly and efficiently, the first thick process to keep a side, the second side awl degree process, immediately after again the Jing process to keep a side, so dont need to carry on a perpendicularity to process toward the Jing, the Jing processes a blade a segment to keep a side, since economize time economize cost again. Give or get an electric shock the spark processes first essentials creation electrode and the electrode separates thickly, the Jing.The Jing processes electrode to request shape to match sex like, had better control tool machine to put the last hand with the CNC number.On the material choice of electrode, the red copper electrode mainly useds for a general steel piece to process.The Cu-W metal alloy electrode, comprehensive function good, especially process to consume quantity in the process obviously smaller than red copper, match with foot to measure of flush a liquid, very in keeping with difficult process material to process and cut the noodles shape complicated piece Jing to process.The Ag-W metal alloy electrode than the Cu-W metal alloy electrode the function be more excellent, but its price Gao, the resources is little, general less adopt.While needing to compute cleft quantity and electrode amount of electrode while creating electrode, being to carry on big area or heavy electrode to process, work piece and electrode pack to clip to want firm, promise to have enough strength, preventfrom process loose move.Everywhere exhausted to the electrode when carry on the deep step process and because of row liquid not the Chang cause of the electricity Hu turn on electricity, give attention. 2.4 Surface processing and set go together withThe spare parts surface leaves a knife scar and whets a scar in response to the place of dint concentration while process, is the source head that the crack expand, so need to carry on surface to enhance to the spare parts after processing to end, whet through a benchwork dozen, handle to process concealed suffer from.Carry on pouring bluntness to some Leng sides, acute angle, bore of work piece, the R turn.Generally, electricitys processing surface will produce 6-10 ms to or soly change in character a hardening layer, the color presents a grey color, hardening layer frailty and take to remain in response to the dint, want to well remove a hardening layer before use, the method throws light for the surface and beat to whet to throw away a hardening layer. In the process of whetting to pare to process, give or get an electric shock to process in, the work piece will have certain magnetize, have weak magnetic force, very easily absorb some runts, so make to back a Ci processing to the work piece before assemble, counteract acetic acid B fat to clean surface.Assemble process in, see also assemble diagram first, seek together each spare parts, then list each spare parts mutually it the material of in proper order, list each item in response to the regulation, then begin assemble molding tool, assemble to generally and first pack to lead pillar to lead a set, then pack mold and convex and cave mold, then again to everywhere cleft, the especially convex and cave mold cleft carries on a set to go together with adjustment, after assembling completion want to carry out a molding tool examination, write a whole circumstance a report.To the problem of detection, can adopt a contrary thinking method, namely from empress work preface forward work preface, process from the Jing thick process, one by one check, until find out a key sticking point, resolve a problem. 3.End languagePractice a certificate, the good Jing processes a process control, can effectively reduce spare parts super bad, discard, valid exaltation molding tool of a success rate and service life.1.引言 一幅模具是由众多的零件组配而成，零件的质量直接影响着模具的质量，而零件的最终质量又是由精加工来完成保证的，因此说控制好精加工关系重大。 在国内大多数的模具制造企业，精加工阶段采用的方法一般是磨削，电加工及钳工处理。在这个阶段要控制好零件变形，内应力，形状公差及尺寸精度等许多技术参数，在具体的生产实践中，操作困难较多，但仍有许多行之有效的经验方法值得借鉴。 2.模具精加工的过程控制 模具零件的加工，一个总的指导思想是针对不同的材质，不同的形状，不同的技术要求进行适应性加工，它具有一定的可塑性，可通过对加工的控制，达到好的加工效果。 根据零件的外观形状不同，大致可把零件分三类：轴类、板类与异形零件，其共同的工艺过程大致为：粗加工热处理(淬火、调质)精磨电加工钳工(表面处理)组配加工。 2.1 零件热处理 零件的热处理工序，在使零件获得要求的硬度的同时，还需对内应力进行控制，保证零件加工时尺寸的稳定性，不同的材质分别有不同的处理方式。随着近年来模具工业的发展，使用的材料种类增多了，除了Cr12、40Cr、Cr12MoV、硬质合金外，对一些工作强度大，受力苛刻的凸、凹模，可选用新材料粉末合金钢，如V10、ASP23等，此类材质具有较高的热稳定性和良好的组织状态。 针对以Cr12MoV为材质的零件，在粗加工后进行淬火处理，淬火后工件存在很大的存留应力，容易导致精加工或工作中开裂，零件淬火后应趁热回火，消除淬火应力。淬火温度控制在900-1020，然后冷却至200-220出炉空冷，随后迅速回炉220回火，这种方法称为一次硬化工艺，可以获得较高的强度及耐磨性，对于以磨损为主要失效形式的模具效果较好。生产中遇到一些拐角较多、形状复杂的工件，回火还不足以消除淬火应力，精加工前还需进行去应力退火或多次时效处理，充分释放应力。 针对V10、APS23等粉末合金钢零件，因其能承受高温回火，淬火时可采用二次硬化工艺，1050-1080淬火，再用490-520高温回火并进行多次，可以获得较高的冲击韧性及稳定性，对以崩刃为主要失效形式的模具很适用。粉末合金钢的造价较高，但其性能好，正在形成一种广泛运用趋势。 2.2 零件的磨削加工 磨削加工采用的机床有三种主要类型：平面磨床、内外圆磨床及工具磨具。精加工磨削时要严格控制磨削变形和磨削裂纹的产生，即使是十分微小的裂纹，在后续的加工使用中也会显露出来。因此，精磨的进刀要小，不能大，冷却液要充分，尺寸公差在0.01mm以内的零件要尽量恒温磨削。由计算可知，300mm长的钢件，温差3时，材料有10.8m左右的变化，10.8=1.233(每100mm变形量1.2m/)，各精加工工序都需充分考虑这一因素的影响。 精磨时选择好恰当的磨削砂轮十分重要，针对模具钢材的高钒高钼状况，选用GD单晶刚玉砂轮比较适用，当加工硬质合金、淬火硬度高的材质时，优先采用有机粘结剂的金刚石砂轮，有机粘结剂砂轮自磨利性好，磨出的工件粗糙可达Ra=0.2m，近年来，随着新材料的应用，CBN砂轮，也即立方氮化硼砂轮显示出十分好的加工效果，在数控成型磨，坐标磨床，CNC内外圆磨床上精加工，效果优于其它种类砂轮。磨削加工中， 要注意及时修整砂轮，保持砂轮的锐利，当砂轮钝化后，会在工件表面滑擦、挤压，造成工件表面烧伤，强度降低。 板类零件的加工大部分采用平面磨床加工