物理化学名英文及翻译.docx

物理化学名词英文及翻译equation of state 状态方程idea /perfect gas 理想气体kinetic theory of gases 气体分子动理论model fitting模型拟合root mean square rate 根均方速率 zeroth law of thermodynamics 热力学第零定律translational energy 平动能phase diagram 相图isotherm等温线isobar 等压线distribution function 分布函数 most probable rate 最概然速率mathematical average rate 数学平均速率fluctuation 涨落现象free path 自由程mean free path 平均自由程reduced mass 折合质量effusion 隙流law of effusion 隙流定律compressibility factor（Z） 压缩因子Boyle temperature Boyle温度Internal pressure 内压力Virial coefficient 维利系数Critical temperature 临界温度Critical point临界点 Wilson cloud chamber 威尔逊云雾室reduced pressure、volume、temperature对比压力，体积，温度corresponding state 对比状态law of corresponding state对比状态定律compressibility factor chart压缩因子图potential energy 位能chemical thermodynamics化学热力学classicial thermodynamics 经典热力学phenomenological themodynamics 唯象热力学isolated system 隔离系统closed system 封闭系统open system 敞开系统 thermodynamic variable 热力学变量extensive property 广度性质 capacity property容量性质intensive property 强度性质thermodynamic equilibrium state 热力学平衡态thermal equilibrium 热动平衡mechanical equilibrium 力学平衡phase equilibrium 相平衡chemical equilibrium 化学平衡state function 状态函数process and path 过程与途径isochore等容线homogeneous system 多组分均相系统heterogeneous system 复相系统isothermal process等温过程isobaric process 等压过程isochoric process 等容过程adiabatic process绝热过程cyclic process环状过程thermodynamic energy 热力学能internal energy 内能first law of thermodynamics 热力学第一定律first kind of perpetual motion machine 第一类永动机free expansion 自由膨胀quasistatic process 准静态过程reversible process可逆过程irreversible process 不可逆过程reversible cyclic process可逆循环过程enthalpy 焓heat capacity 热容adiabatic process equation 绝热过程方程heat capacity ratio 热容比polytropic process 多方过程efficiency of the heat engine 热机效率transformation coefficient 转换系数coefficient of refrigeration 冷冻系数heat pump热泵throttling process节流过程differential throttling effect 微分节流效应inversion temperature转化温度isenthalpic curve 等焓线inversion curve 转化曲线thermochemistry 热化学 chemical affinity 化学亲和力extent of reaction 反应进度molar enthalpy of reaction反应的摩尔焓变stand state 标准态elementary substance 单质standard molar enthalpy of formation标准摩尔生成焓standard molar enthalpy of combustion 标准摩尔燃烧焓 second law of thermodynamics 热力学第二定律second kind of perpetual motion machine 第二类永动机heat reservoir 恒温热储器spring 弹簧entropy 熵Clausius inequality 克劳修斯不等式Principle of entropy increasing 熵增加原理energy degradation 能量退降thermodynamic probability 热力学概率Helmholthz free energy Helmholthz自由能Helmholthz function Helmholthz函数Work function 功函characteristic function 特性函数Maxwells relations Maxwell 关系式Isobaric thermal expansivity 等压热膨胀系数Conventional entropy 规定熵 relaxation process弛豫过程relaxation time 弛豫时间local temperature and local density 局域温度和局域时间assumption of local equilibrium 局域平衡的假设 entropy production 熵产生steady state 定态Onsagers reciprocity relations Onsagre倒易关