医学英文论文写作例句词汇.doc

医学英文论文写作例句、词汇入院 be admitted to the hospital住院 be hospitalized in the hospital1 病员, 女, 25岁, 因发烧, 咳嗽3天, 于1980年7月11日收入院.A 25-year-old lady was admitted to this hospital on July 11th, 1980because of fever and coughing for 3 days.2 病员, 女, 75岁, 因咳嗽伴铁锈色痰, 于1980年3月26日入院治疗.A 75-year-old woman was hospitalized in this hospital on March 26th, 1980,because of having coughed with rusty sputum.3 病人, 男, 38岁, 因右上腹疼痛17小时, 于1980年7月1日急诊入院.A 38-year-old man was admitted to our Emergency on July 1st, 1980, becauseof 17 hours right epigastric pain.4 病人, 女, 81岁, 因感冒后严重全身不适, 于3月8日-3月26日接受入院治疗.An 81-year-old lady was hospitalized in the hospital during March 8th to26th, 1980, because of serious general malaise following a cold.5 病人, 女, 71岁, 入院前因突然发作急性心肌梗塞, 伴心源性休克, 心力衰竭, 心律不齐和频发期外收缩, 现场抢救8小时后,于1980年8月14日晚10:30由救护车转送我院继续诊治.A 71-year-old lady had 8 hours first-aid treatment at this spot prior tosudden attack acute myocardial infarction, complicated with cardiogenicshock, heat failure, arrhythmia and frequent auricular extrasystole, andthen was transferred in ambulance to our hospital for further treatment onAugust 14th, 10:30 p.m., 1980.6 咽痛, 高热.Throatache and high fever for 2 days.7 两月以来, 持续性头痛伴恶心, 呕吐.Continuing headache complicated with nausea and vomiting for 2 months.8 发热, 右胸痛, 咳嗽1周.Fever and right chest pain and coughing for a week.9 昨晚开始寒战.Chills began last night.10 气短，咳嗽伴黄痰3-4天。Shortness of breath and coughing complicated with yellow sputum for 3 or 4days.onset ( date, mode 方式 ), duration before present entry, exciting cause 诱因and environmental influen*, prodroma (symptoms) 前驱症状, general symptoms,course or progress ( location, duration, severity, continuity,intermission 间隙性, radiation，treatment),aggravating and alleviating factors减轻因素, loss of weight, appetite and strength, sleep, bowel movement ,frequency of urination, menstruation 月经, etc.无临床症状 without any clinical symptomsfree of symptomsasymptomaticremain symptom-free症状消失 symptoms disappear症状无缓解。 Symptoms didnt abate / decrease.Symptoms were not relieved.Symptoms continued unabated.症状缓解。 Symptoms improved.Symptoms took a favorable turn.恶化 be aggravatedbe exacerbatedtook a bad turn明显恶化 noticeably worse症状明显。 Symptoms became increasingly apparent.开始频繁出现。 Attacks became increasingly frequent.因而加重 be aggravated / intensified by症状因而减轻 be alleviated by无恶化。 There was no change in.continued without any changeremained the sameunchanged约1周前，患者感乏力，食欲不振。两天前，开始寒战，发热，咳嗽，T骤升 到39；同时感右下胸有疼痛，随呼吸，咳嗽而加重，以后胸痛变为持续性，且剧烈。痰呈铁锈色,活动后呼吸困难. 两天来，肌注青霉素80万单位两次，但症状无缓解。The patient had lack of strength and poor appetite about 1 week ago. Twodays ago, chills, fever and coughing began and the temperature rosesuddenly to 39. At the same time, there was a light pain in the lowerright chest aggravating along with breathing and coughing. Later the chestpain became persistent and intense. The sputum was rusty. Respirationbecame difficult after physical exercise. In these 2 days, the patient hasreceived 0.8 million-unit Penicillin muscular injection twice a day, butsymptoms still were not relieved.Past History:1 Former pla* of residence, previous state of health ( robust健康的,delicate 虚弱的), experience with similar disease, immunity to infectiousdiseases.2 Previous illness: measles 麻疹, mumps 腮腺炎, chicken-pox 水豆,pertussis百日咳,influenza, scarlet fever 猩红热, diphtheria 白喉, typhoid fever 伤寒, bronchitis,pneumonia, encephalitis 脑炎, meningitis 脑膜炎, tetanus 破伤风, poliomyelitis脊髓灰质炎, dysentery 痢疾, cholera 霍乱, pleurisy 胸膜炎,smallpox天花, tonsillitis扁桃体炎, rheumatism 风湿, asthma 哮喘, malaria 疟疾,tuberculosis, jaundice,allergy, etc.3 Venereal disease 性病: specific symptoms 特异性症状, signs, the disease by name性病特别的名称, treatment.4 Accidents (date, any disability 残疾, sequelae 后遗症): operation andhospitalization (date, procedure 程序, name of hospital, physician,complications, bleeding tendency).平素健康 be always sound and robustbe barely ever sickbe perfectly healthy most of his lifehad never been ill before一直健康 had been thoroughly soundhad been entirely well untilhad enjoyed good health until身体弱易患病 be constitutionally weak and prone to illnessbe delicate and susceptible to illness易患感冒 be apt to catch cold否认有结核病史 denied any history of tuberculosis无创伤史及手术史 no related history of trauma of operation无传染病史 no related history of contacting with any infectious diseases无病史 no history of.was obtainable曾患 had suffered from已出现了好几年 .had been present for years过去史提示症状. Past history reviewed an episode of除外，无严重病史. Except for. he had no more serious diseases.未接受过任何药物治疗 did not receive any drug therapy在5年前曾住院 was hospitalized 5 years ago for treatment of任何治疗无效. The patient didnt respond to any therapy.The patient was treated without any relief.无并发症，后遗症 without complication and sequelae无青霉素过敏史 no history of penicillin sensitivity无食物，药物过敏史 no history of allergy to food or drugs无过敏体质 had no allergic diathesis1 自幼体弱多病，多年来患 慢性支气管炎 ，平时易感冒。4岁时做 阑尾手术无任何后遗症、并发症。3年前因肺炎住院。否认有肝炎、结核病史。The patient was constitutionally weak and prone to illness sincechildhood. Chronic bronchitis had been present for years. He was apt tocatch cold. There was related history of appendectomy withoutcomplication and sequelae at 4 years of age. Three years ago, he washospitalized for treatment of pneumonia. He denied any history oftuberculosis and hepatitis.2患者一直体健，至1年前出现用力呼吸困难，心前区钝痛，该疼痛可由运动诱发，休息后可迅速缓解。入院前2天，胸痛呈持续性，伴轻度出汗，但无恶心。入院当天，疼痛向下、沿右臂放射，为时短暂，在家曾服用“消化痛”数次，但疼痛未缓解。The patient had been always sound and robust. One year ago, he began toexperience exertional dyspnea and a dull pain in the anterior chest, whichwas provoked by exercise and was promptly, alleviated by rest. Two daysago before admission, the chest pain remained persistent accompanied bymild sweating, but without nausea. On the day of entry, the pain radiateddown to the right arm for a short time. He had taken Isosorbidedinitrate orally several times at home, but the pain didnt abate. /there was no relief.3 王xx, 男, 19岁, 未婚, 学生, 因间断发热3月, 鼻出血, 牙龈出血4天, 于1986年4月21日入院。病人3月前因不明原因出现头晕，乏力，间断发热（其T不详）。但仍能参加体育劳动，未诊治。4天前突发鼻出血，进而出现牙龈出血。全身皮肤有散在出血点。左眼球结膜出血。病人自觉心悸，手足发热。发病以来，无明显头痛，无恶心呕吐，食欲尚可，大小便如常。有时胸骨痛，睡眠不佳.于当时用中药治疗无效，而来我院门诊就医。自述发病前未服用药物，或接触任何有毒物质。Wang, male, aged 19, single, student, was admitted on April 21st, 1986with a chief complaint of intermittent fever for 3 months, epistaxis andgingival hemorrhage for 4 days.Three months ago, he began to suffer from dizzy, weak and intermittentfever (temperature unknown). However he still could perform physical worksand didnt receive any therapy. Four days ago, he suddenly had epistaxis,and further more gingival hemorrhage. There were scattered petechiae overthe skin and hemorrhage conjunctivae O.S. The patient stated that he hadpalpitation and felt feverish on hand and feet. There was neither headachenor nausea and vomiting since onset of the disease. His appetite wasperfect. He had a normal bowel movement and urination. Sometimes he hadpain of sternum and suffered from sleeplessness. Before his visit toOutpatient Department of our hospital, he was treated of T.C.M., butwithout any relief. He said he did not receive any drug therapy treatmentand had no exposure to any toxic substan* before onset of the disease.Family History:family tendency 家庭遗传倾向, presence of hereditary disorders 存在遗传性疾病,tuberculosis, mental disorder and nervous affection, rheumatism风湿,diabetes 糖尿病, hypertension 高血压, hypotension 低血压 , myocardial infra,nephritis 肾炎, cerebral vascular accident 脑血管意外, hemophilia 血友病,syphilis梅毒, tumor, epilepsy 癫痫, cancer, malignant tumor / carcinoma / sarcoma恶性肿瘤, allergy, etc. primary / essential 原发, secondary 继发,contact withdiseased individual, relationship of patients childhood and adult life,age, health condition, and cause of death of parents, grandparents, spouse配偶, siblings 兄弟姐妹 or relatives.无结核肝炎密切接触史 No close contact history of tuberculosis or hepatitis.家族史未提示有 Family history did not review / show / indicate / disclose /Suggest.家族史为阴性。 Family history was negative / not remarkable.父母身体健康。 Parents are well without evidence of illness.家族中有的高发倾向。 There was a high incidence of .in the family.父母死因不详。 Parents died without any definite cause.1 患者为独生子，父健在；数年前，母死于子宫癌。母家族中有癌症倾向，外祖母死于胃癌。无结核、肝炎密切接触史.The man was the only son. His father was well living. Several years ago,his mother died with uterus cancer. Mother family had cancer tendency.Grandmother died of gastric carcinoma. No close contact history oftuberculosis or hepatitis.2 患者父母双亡, 原因不详. 无糖尿病, 高血压病史. 3个兄弟姐妹均健在.Both of parents of the patient died of unknown cause. No diabetes orhypertension or cancer history. Three siblings were well without evidenceillness.3 既往健康,1年前轻度鼻出血, 量不多. 原因不明, 未经治疗自行停止. 本人无烟酒嗜好. 其父患肝炎多年, 至今未愈. 同胞兄弟6人均健在.本家族成员无任何血液病史.The patient was barely ever sick. One year ago, he suffered from a mildepistaxis with small amount and without any cause, which stoppedspontaneously without any therapy. He had no habits of tobacco and drankalcoholic beverages. Father had suffered from hepatitis for many years,which is still not cured. Six siblings were living and well. There was notendency toward any blood dyscrasia.Personal History:1 Social history:fears, mental status, education, financial condition, number of dependents受赡养者的数目, family harmony 和睦or friction 纠纷, hygienic condition at home 卫生状况.2 Marital history:duration of marriage, 1st or 2nd marriage, age and health of spouse andchildren, ( if died ) cause and age at time of death, number of children,number of pregnancies 怀孕, miscarriages 自然流产, abortion 人工流产,stillbirths 死产.3 Occupational history:duration of employment, past work, exact nature of work 工作的准确性质,exposureto occupational hazards 对职业危险因素的接触, whether work is satisfactory or not.4 Habits:alcohol, tobacco, coffee, tea, narcotic 麻醉品, food habits, appetite,regularity of meals, rapidity of eating, bowel movement, sleep, exercise,interests, mental status, hygiene, etc.病人有很长的吸烟史. The patient has a long history of smoking.病人平均每天抽2包烟. The patient smoked an average of 2 packs a day.病人过量饮酒. The patient drank ex*s / ex*sively / hard.患者少量饮酒. The patient drank only occasionally.因病不能工作 be incapacitated by illness体弱不能做家务活 be not physically strong enough to do house work1 20多年从事化学工程师，曾有多种毒性物质接触史。83年以来，体弱多病不能从事工作。不嗜烟酒。The patient had been working as a chemist for more than 20 years. He hadclose contact history of poisonous material. Since 1983, he has been notphysically strong enough for ordinary work. Never drank and smoked toex*s.2 重度吸烟者，15年来每日2包，偶尔饮酒。近3年来因病不能工作。The patient was a chain smoker with an average of 2 packs a day for 15years. Drank only occasionally. Since 3 years ago, he has incapacitated byillness.1 General:nutrition, fever, night sweats, tremor 震颤, weight gain or loss, weakness,allergy.2 Skin:hives 荨麻疹, rash, eczema 湿疹, etc.3 head:trauma, headache, loss of hair, etc.4 Eyes:vision 视野, pain, glasses, diplopia 复视, etc.5 Ears:pain, discharge, deafness, tinnitus 耳鸣, etc.6 Nose:obstruction 鼻塞, discharge, epistaxis 鼻血, rhinitis 鼻炎, etc.7 Mouth:teeth, lips, gums 牙龈, tongue, disturbance in taste 味觉障碍, etc.8 Throat:sore throat 咽喉疼痛, tonsillitis, quinsy 扁桃体周围脓肿, dysphagia 吞咽困难,etc.9 Neck:adenitis 淋巴节炎, goitre / goiter 甲状腺, rigidity 颈项强直, etc.10 Cardiovascular and respiratory:palpitation 心悸, tachycardia 心动过速, bradycardia 心动过缓, blood pressure, chestpain, dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis 咯血, seasonal colds, expectoration 咳痰,etc.11 Gastro-intestinal:appetite, nausea, vomiting, distress 不适( before or after meals ),melena黑大便, colic 腹绞痛, jaundice, fullness, hernia 疝, hemorrhoid痔,constipation 便秘, diarrhea, frequency of bowel movements, heartburn 胃灼热,idiosyncrasies 特异性反应, relation of symptoms to eating, type and quantity offood, etc.12 Genito-urinary:dysuria, urinary frequency, dribbling, hematuria, pyuria 脓尿, nocturia 夜尿and volume, enuresis 遗尿, incontinence 小便失禁, sores about externalgenitalia外生殖器溃疡, symptoms suggestive of syphilis 提示梅毒的症状 (rash, mucouspatches 粘膜斑, falling hair), urethral discharge 尿道分泌物, exposure to venerealinfection(e.g. gonorrhea 淋病), obstetric history 生产史, catamenia 月经 (age ofonset 初潮年龄, date of last period, cycle and amount, periodicity 周期性,dysmenorrhea 痛经, menopause 绝经期), leucorrhea 白带, associated headache , etc.13 Neuromuscular:nervousness 神经质, emotional stress 情绪紧张, weakness, myodynia 肌痛,joint pain,convulsion 惊厥, numbness 麻木, neuralgia 神经痛, anesthesia 感觉缺失, muscularatrophies 肌肉萎缩 or dystrophy 营养不良, deformities 畸形, etc. Physical Examination:1 General appearance:全身状况佳 general conditions appeared good全身状况尚可 general conditions appeared fare全身状况正常 general conditions appeared normal全身状况不良 general conditions appeared poorStature 体态: posture 姿势,gait 步态自动体位 active position被动体位 passive position强迫体位 compulsive position仰卧位 supine/dorsal position俯卧位 prone position侧卧位 lateral position左侧卧位 right lateral position右侧卧位 left lateral position双侧卧位 bilateral positionPhysical development: physique 体格, musculature 肌肉系统, skeleton 骨骼.nutritional state 营养状况营养好 well nourished营养中等 moderately nourished营养不良 poorly / under / mild nourished瘦弱 thin and fragile / frail虚弱 weak constitution营养一般 be of average build and nutritional level / state生长 growthSeverity and acuteness of illness.急性病容 looked acute ill重症病容 appeared severely / critically ill无急性病 in no acute distressMental state: degree of consciousness, orientation定位, memory, attention,intelligence, emotional state in reaction to illness.神清合作 alert and cooperative2 Physical data:temperature (oral 口, axillary 腋下, rectal 直肠), pulse(apical心尖, adial 桡骨),respiration, blood pressure (sitting, lying), weight, height, etc.3 Skin:Color: pallor 苍白, flush 潮红, cyanosis 紫绀, jaundice. pigmentation色素沉着（pigmented 加深, degmented 丧失, discolored 褪色）.Texture 质地: elastic 弹性, moist 潮湿, smooth, harsh or rough 粗糙, tough坚韧,wrinkling起皱, atrophic 萎缩, scaly 鳞状, shiny 光泽, glossy 光滑, dry, clammy冷湿.Edema 水肿, turger 充盈, dehydration 脱水.Eruptions 疹子：hives, urticaria 风疹, athletes foot 足癣, prurigo 痒疹, drugeruption, vascular eczema 水泡性湿疹, other lesions 皮损: papules丘疹,vesicles水泡,pustules 脓疱, ulcers 溃疡, nodules 结痂, warts 疣, birth marks 胎记,petechiae 瘀点, ecchymosis 瘀斑.Hair : axillary 腋下, tanugo 胎毛, whiskers 胡须, moustache (上), beard(下).texture: coarse 粗糙, fine 细小, brittle 碎, dry, lusterless 无光泽. sparse /scant 稀少, ex*sive hairiness / hypertrichosis. alopecia 脱毛, distribution分布.4 Lymph nodes:size, location, sensibility, mobility 活动度, consistency 密度.5 Head ( skull头颅 and scale头皮 ) :configuration 外形, scars 疤痕, hair, tenderness 柔软性.6 Face:expression, symmetry 对称, asymmetrical, tenderness, color.面色苍白 pallor / pale / pallid二尖瓣面容 mitral face满月脸 moon face表情淡漠 dull appearance表情激动 agitated appearance7 Eyes:Eyelid 眼睑: edema, discharge, photophobia 畏光, ptosis 上睑下垂, lagophthalmos兔眼, blepharospasm 眼睑痉挛, lacrimation 流泪, width of palpebral fissures 眼睑缝隙.Sclera 巩膜: jaundice, hemorrhage 流血.Conjunctivae 结膜: pallor, injection 充血, petechiae, congestion, granulations肉芽颗粒性增生 / trachoma 沙眼.Cornea 角膜: outline 外观, transparency 透明, curvature 弧度, sensibility, scars瘢痕, ulceration, arcus senilis 老年环.Pupils 瞳孔: size, shape, regularity, equality, reactions to Light and A.and convergence 汇聚度, accommodation 适应 to distance.Eyeball: nystagmus 眼球, palsy 麻痹, strabismus 斜视, enophthalmos 眼球凹陷,exophthalmos 凸出.Vision: visual fields by confrontation 正面视野, diplopia, visual disturbance视觉障碍, myodesopsia 飞蝇幻视.Ophthalmoscopic 眼球镜检: lens, optic disc 视神经盘, reflex, hemorrhage 眼底物出血,exudate 渗出物.8 Ears:ExternalMiddleInternal: otoscopic examination 耳镜检查, appearance of canals and drums 鼓膜,perforation 穿孔, otorrhea 耳漏, ear wax / cerumen 耵聍.Auditory acuity: watch, voice, tuning forks, and audiometer.9 Nose:Shape, septum 鼻中格: deviation 偏移, perforation 穿孔, turbinates 鼻甲,congestion,rhinorrhea 流鼻涕, rhinitis, obstruction,10 Mouth:Lips: symmetry, color, moisture, cyanosis, herpes 疱疹.Mucosa 粘膜: color, pigmentation, ulceration 溃疡.Gums: pyorrhea 脓液, bleeding, gingivitis 牙龈炎, swelling of gums 牙龈肿胀.Tongue: color, papillary / papilla / papillated atrophy 味蕾萎缩, ulceration,deviation 舌偏移, movement, coating 舌苔.Teeth: edentulous 无牙, number present, hygiene poor or good, roots pulpitis牙髓炎, false teeth, caries 龋齿, missing teeth, dental repair: crowns 牙冠,bridgework假牙, inlay 嵌贴, filling 填充. Halitosis / fetor / oris, foul or badbreath 口臭.11 Throat:Pharynx 咽: palatal reflex 腭反射, gag reflex 张口反射, swallowing, tonsils: size,crypts 隐窝, exudate 渗出物.Larynx 喉: character of voice, laryngoscopic examination 喉镜检查.12 Neck:Blood vessels: venous engorgement 颈静脉怒张, abnormal pulsations 异常搏动, scars.Thyroid 甲状腺: enlarged, bruit 猫喘, thrills.Trachea 气管: position, midline or deviated 偏斜, tracheotomy.Rigidity 颈项强直, torticollis 斜颈 / wryneck 歪.Cervical lymph nodes 颈淋巴节: swelling 肿胀, tumor.13 Chest and lungs:Inspection: contour 外形特征: flat, bulging 隆凸, depressed 下陷or retracted 回缩,rickets佝瘘病. symmetry, degree of expansion, type of respiration: thoracic,abdominal, thoraco-abdominal; rate, depth, breast *: lactation 泌乳,nipples *, areola 乳晕, masses, scars.Percussion 叩诊: kronigs isthmus 肺间叩响区峡( compare symmetrical areas);resonance.Palpation 扪诊: tactile fremitus触觉震颤Auscultation 听诊: character and intensity 密度 of breath sounds: absent 消失,diminished 减弱or depressed 压抑, exaggerated, relative duration ofinspiration 吸 and expiration 呼, rales 罗音: dry, sibilant, sonorous 洪亮 ormusical, moist 湿罗音 or bubbling 水泡音, friction rub 摩擦音.Diaphragm 膈: determine level and