比较级的整理.doc

一、形容词的比较等级和最高等级一般句式的构成： A + be + 形容词比较级+ than + BA 是主格 B 是宾格如： She is taller than me.主格 形容词比较级 宾格：（一）形容词的比较级和最高级的构成规则变化： 1单音节词和少数双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成情况构成方式原级比较级最高级一般情况加-er或-estnewlongnewerlongernewestlongest以e 结尾的词加-r或-stfinelatefinerlaterfinestlatest以“辅音+y” 结尾的词变y为i再加-er 或-estearlyhappyearlierhappierearliesthappiest重读闭音节的词末尾只有一个辅音字母先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-esthotthinfathotterthinnerfatterhottestthinnestfattest2 多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加more或 most。如： 原级 比较级 最高级 useful more useful most useful difficult more difficult most difficult delicious more delicious most delicious【重点】3有几个形容词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化：原级比较级最高级good / wellbetterbestbad / illworseworstmany / muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolder（新旧或年龄）/elder（兄弟姐妹的长幼关系）oldest/ eldestfarfarther（表示距离，译为“更远”）/ further（表示程度，译为“进一步的”）farthest/ furthest（二） 形容词比较级的用法 1形容词的比较级可以单独使用： Be more careful next time. 下次小心点。 Which book is better? 哪本书更好？ 2也可以和than连用，表示两者相比，than后可以跟：a. 名词或代词： He is older than me / I . 他年龄比我大。b. 动名词：Skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比滑冰更刺激。c. 从句： I was a better singer than he was. 我唱歌比他好。（三）形容词比较级的修饰语 修饰形容词,副词比较级的常用修饰词有:no, a little, a bit, much, even, still, a lot, a great deal, far, by far, rather, any等.1) 只用于修饰比较级的： much;still;even2) 既可以修饰比较级又可以修饰原级的：a little; a bit; rather 等 。3) 在这些词中,其中no在修饰比较级时,在意义上否定两者,表示前者在某方面不比后者强多少. He is no richer than Peter. 他不比彼得富裕多少.=He is as poor as Peter. 他和彼得一样穷.表示前者比后者强一点时,通常采用a little,a bit等. The room is a bit larger than that one.这个房间比那个稍大一点.4) 表示前者比后者强很多时,通常采用much,even,still等.(still修饰形容词,副词的比较级时,可以位于 比较级之前或之后.) He works still harder than ever. =He works harder still than ever.他比以往更加努力学习了.5) 表示前者在某方面远远地超过对方时,通常采用far,by far,a lot,a great deal等. Matters are a lot better than ever before. 情况远远比以往好.6) 在否定句,疑问句或条件状语从句中,修饰形容词,副词的比较级,只能用any来修饰. He cant jump any higher. 他不能跳得更高了. Can he jump any higher? 他能跳得更高一些吗? Do you feel any better today? 你今天感觉好一点了吗？ If you can jump any higher, I will give you a prize.如果你能跳得更高些,我就奖励你.7) 比较级前还可加其他表示数量的词： My sister is ten years younger than me. 我妹妹比我小十岁。典型例题:1）- Are you feeling _? - Yes，Im fine now.A. any wellB. any betterC. quite good D. quite better答案：B. any 可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better.2）The experiment was_ easier than we had expected. A.more B.much more C.much D.more much答案：C.much可修饰比较级，因此B，C都说得通，但easier本身已是比较级，不需more，因此C为正确答案。3）If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school.A. the happiest timeB. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D.a much happier time答案：D。4）Your house is _ bigger than ours.A. Two timeB. Second time C. Two times D.Second times答案：D。【难点】注：有些形容词一般没有比较等级。如： right, wrong, woolen等。（四）形容词比较级的特殊用法1和more有关的词组 ：1) the morethe more越就越。例如： The harder you work，the greater progress youll make. 越努力，进步越大。more and more.表示“越来越”:More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language.Our country is getting stronger and stronger.2) no more than 与一样。例如： The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。3） more than超过，不只是。例如： There are more than two thousand people in the hall. 2和less有关的词组 1) less than 不到 不太： It was ready in less than a week. 2) no less than 多达 不少于 No less than 2 million people came. 至少来了2百万人。 3) more or less 基本上 大体上 大约 The work is more or less finished. 这项工作基本上完成了。 3还有as + 形容词或副词原级 + as 1) A be as.as B和.一样 2) A be not so/asas B。A和B不一样，A比不上B He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。 3) 当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式：as +形容词+ a +单数名词/； This is as good an example as the other is. 这个例子和另外一个一样好。as + manymuch +可数名词/不可数名词。 I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸，我也能。 3) 表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。例如： This room is twice as big as that one. =This room is two time big as that one. =This room is two times bigger than that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍。 Your room is the same size as mine.你的房间和我的一样大。（五） 形容词最高级用法1the + 最高级 + 比较范围 1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，例如： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。 说明 形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示非常。例如： It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 这是个很重要的问题。 注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。 （错）Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. （对）Tom is the tallest of the three brothers. 2） 下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almost。例如：This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 这帽子差不多是最大的了。 注意：序数词通常只修饰最高级。例如： Africa is the second largest continent.非洲是第二大洲。3） 最高级的意义有时可以用比较级表示出来。例如： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. 或者： =Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.（六）形容词最高级的特殊用法 1. 形容词最高级可用作表语，这时定冠词the 可以省略。 例句：I think her plan is best. 我认为她的计划最好。 2.形容词最高级还可和at 构成许多短语作状语，如 at best, at least, at most等。 例句：Ill be with you at latest by ten. 我最迟十点钟就来陪你。(七)形容词最高级前不加the的特殊情况形容词最高级前通常要加定冠词the,而以下几种情况一般不需要加定冠词the: 1.形容词最高级前有序数词、物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格等限定词修饰时,最高级前不用the。如: This is my longest rope.这是我最长的一根绳子。 -Mondayisourbusiestday.星期一是我们最忙的一天。-Tomsgreatestwishistobeanengineer汤姆的最大愿望是成为一名工程师2.如果两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时,第二个形容词最高级前不加the。如: He is the youngest and tallest boy in his class.他是班上年龄最小、个子最高的男孩。 3.如果形容词最高级用来加强语气,没有跟其它事物比较，作十分;非常之意时,前面不加the。但形容词最高级作单数名词的定语时,可用不定冠词a/an。如: -That book is most interesting.那本书非常有趣。 -Heisamostlearnedmain.他是位很有学问的人。【基础练习】( C ) 1 Your room is _ than mine. A. three time big B. three times big C. three times bigger D. bigger three times ( C ) 2 When spring comes, it gets_. A. warm and warm B. colder and colder C. warmer and warmer D. shorter and shorter ( C )3 _ he read the book, _ he got in it. A. The more; the more interesting B. The less; the more interesting C. The more; the more interested D. More; more interested ( A)4 I like_ one of the two books. A. the older B. oldest C. the oldest D. older ( B ) 5 Which do you like _, tea or coffee? A. well B. better C. best D. most ( D ) 6 This work is _ for me than for you. A. difficult B. most difficult C. much difficult D. more difficult ( C ) 7 Who jumped_of all? A. far B. farther C. farthest D. the most far ( D ) 8 Li Lei is_ student in our class. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest ( C ) 9 Tom is one of _ boys in our class. A. tallest B. taller C. the tallest B. the tall ( B ) 10 English is one of_ spoken in the world. A. the important languages B. the most important languages C. most important language D. the most important language ( D )12 Im not _ to lift the heavy box. A. short enough B. enough tall C. health enough D. strong enough ( C)13 Which is_, Li Lei or Wu Tong? A. strong B. strongest C. stronger D. the strongest ( C )14 Do you have _ to tell us? A. something new B. new something C. anything new D. new anything ( C) 15. Most of the people in Guangdong are getting _.A. more and rich B. more rich and more richC. richer and richer D. rich and rich二、副词的比较等级和最高等级：副词的比较级和最高级、副词的比较等级和最高等级：比较级结构A+动词+副词的比较级+than+B 最高级结构A+动词+（the）副词的最高级+in或of短语（一） 概念：副词和形容词一样，也有原级、比较级和最高级三个等级。其构成方式有规则变化和不规则变化两种情况。规则变化的一般规律是：单音节词的比较级和最高级在词尾加-er或-est; 多音节词以及-ly结尾的副词（early除外），前面加more或most.。不规则的变化式只能采用“各个击破”的办法去记忆。1）规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 soon loud fast wide early happily carefully sooner louder faster wider earlier more happily more carefully soonest loudest fastest widest earliest most happily most carefully2）不规则变化原级比较级最高级wellbadlylittlemuchfarbetterworselessmorefarther（距离）further（程度）bestworstleastmostfarthestfurthest（二）副词的比较级的用法1、单独使用： Try to do better next time. 下次争取干好一点。 Hell come back sooner or later. 他迟早会回来的。 Please speak more slowly. 请讲慢一点。2、和than一起使用： He swims better than I do. 他游泳游得比我好。 Can you do any better than that? 你能不能干的好一些？ He arrived earlier than usual. 他到的比平时早。3、比较级前可有状语修饰：You must work much faster. 你必须大大加快干活的速度。Can you come over a bit more quickly? 你能稍稍快点来吗？4. asas和not soas结构这两个结构也可结合副词使用：1） asas 可用在肯定句中，表示 “像一样”，后面的副词要用原级： She can run as fast as a deer. 她能跑的像鹿一样快。2）在否定句中，asas和soas都可以用： I dont go there as much as I used. 我现在到那里不象过去那么多了。 I didnt do as(so) well as I should. 我做的不如我应做的那么好。3）这种句子中也可以有一个表示程度的状语： She can read twice as fast as he does. 她阅读的速度比他快一倍。（三）副词最高级的用法：副词最高级可修饰动词，前面多数不带定冠词the:He laughs best who laughs last. (谚语) 谁笑在最后谁笑的最好。Of the four of us, I sang (the) worst. 我们四人中我唱的最差。（四）副词比较级和最高级的一些特殊用法：副词比较级和最高级还可用在一些特别结构或短语中。1）more and more 越来越: It rained more and more heavily. 雨下得越来越大了。 She went farther and farther away. 她越走越远了。2）the morethe more 越，越： The more I work, the more I accomplish. 我干得越多，完成的就越多。3）had better (not) do sth最好(不要)做某事：Wed better not disturb him. 我们最好不要打扰他。What had we better do? 我们最好怎么办？3副词的比较级的用法1）单独使用：Try to do better next time. 下次争取干好一点。I had seen the film only a few days earlier. 我是几天前才看的这部电影。Hell come back sooner or later. 他迟早会回来的。Please speak more slowly. 请讲慢一点。I determined not to travel farther that night. 我决定那天晚上不再往前走了。2）和than一起使用：He swims better than I do. 他游泳游得比我好。He works less than he used to. 他工作的时间比以前少了。Can you do any better than that? 你能不能干的好一些？He arrived earlier than usual. 他到的比平时早。He studied the subject further than I do. 这问题他研究得比我深。3） 比较级前可有状语修饰：You must work much faster. 你必须大大加快干活的速度。He walked no further. 他没在往前走。She could dance even more gracefully than a dancer. 她能比舞蹈演员跳的更美。Helen came late, but her sister came still later. 海伦来晚了， 而她妹妹来得更晚。Can you come over a bit more quickly? 你能稍稍快点来吗？4. asas和not soas结构这两个结构也可结合副词使用：1） asas 可用在肯定句中，表示 “像一样”，后面的副词要用原级： She can run as fast as a deer. 她能跑的像鹿一样快。 They work as hard as you do. 他们工作像你一样努力。 I hate him as much as you do. 我像你一样恨他。 Ill be round as quick as I can. 我将尽快过来。2）在否定句中，asas和soas都可以用： I dont go there as much as I used. 我现在到那里不象过去那么多了。 I didnt do as(so) well as I should. 我做的不如我应做的那么好。 3）这种句子中也可以有一个表示程度的状语： I dont speak half as (so) well as you. 我讲的不及你的一半好。 She can read twice as fast as he does. 她阅读的速度比他快一倍。副词最高级修饰动词，前面多数不带定冠词the:He laughs best who laughs last. (谚语) 谁笑在最后谁笑的最好。Of the four of us, I sang (the) worst. 我们四人中我唱的最差。Of these sports, I like rowing most. 这些运动中我最喜欢划船。He went (the) farthest of the explorers. 这些探险家中他走的最远。He likes painting best of all. 他最喜欢绘画。Who arrived (the) earliest of all? 谁到的最早？She behaved most generously. 她表现的最大方。注： 副词比较级和最高级的一些特殊用法副词比较级和最高级还可用在一些特别结构或短语中：1）more and more 越来越:It rained more and more heavily. 雨下得越来越大了。In need, she liked him more and more. 的确她越来越喜欢他了。She went farther and farther away. 她越走越远了。2）the morethe more 越，越：The more I work, the more I accomplish. 我干得越多，完成的就越多。The more I thought, the more extraordinary did it appear. 我越想，这事就越显得离奇。（二） 概念：副词和形容词一样，也有原级、比较级和最高级三个等级。其构成方式有规则变化和不规则变化两种情况。规则变化的一般规律是：单音节词的比较级和最高级在词尾加-er或-est; 多音节词以及-ly结尾的副词（early除外），前面加more或most.。不规则的变化式只能采用“各个击破”的办法去记忆。1）规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 soon loud fast wide early happily carefully sooner louder faster wider earlier more happily more carefully soonest loudest fastest widest earliest most happily most carefully2）不规则变化原级比较级最高级wellbadlylittlemuchfarbetterworselessmorefarther（距离）further（程度）bestworstleastmostfarthestfurthest（二）副词的比较级的用法1、单独使用： Try to do better next time. 下次争取干好一点。 Hell come back sooner or later. 他迟早会回来的。 Please speak more slowly. 请讲慢一点。2、和than一起使用： He swims better than I do. 他游泳游得比我好。 Can you do any better than that? 你能不能干的好一些？ He arrived earlier than usual. 他到的比平时早。3、比较级前可有状语修饰：You must work much faster. 你必须大大加快干活的速度。Can you come over a bit more quickly? 你能稍稍快点来吗？4. asas和not soas结构这两个结构也可结合副词使用：1） asas 可用在肯定句中，表示 “像一样”，后面的副词要用原级： She can run as fast as a deer. 她能跑的像鹿一样快。2）在否定句中，asas和soas都可以用： I dont go there as much as I used. 我现在到那里不象过去那么多了。 I didnt do as(so) well as I should. 我做的不如我应做的那么好。3）这种句子中也可以有一个表示程度的状语： She can read twice as fast as he does. 她阅读的速度比他快一倍。（三）副词最高级的用法：副词最高级可修饰动词，前面多数不带定冠词the:He laughs best who laughs last. (谚语) 谁笑在最后谁笑的最好。Of the four of us, I sang (the) worst. 我们四人中我唱的最差。（四）副词比较级和最高级的一些特殊用法：副词比较级和最高级还可用在一些特别结构或短语中。1）more and more 越来越: It rained more and more heavily. 雨下得越来越大了。 She went farther and farther away. 她越走越远了。2）the morethe more 越，越： The more I work, the more I accomplish. 我干得越多，完成的就越多。3）had better (not) do sth最好(不要)做某事：Wed better not disturb him. 我们最好不要打扰他。What had we better do? 我们最好怎么办？3、 英语中考考纲基础知识练习（形容词和副词+及其比较级和最高级） B卷（一）.单项选择题。1.Im shortsighted and I cant see the words on the notice board _.A, clear B, clearly C, carefully D, good2.Jean works hard but she doesnt work _ Mary.A, as harder than B, as hard than C, as harder as D, as hard as3.This is _ book in our library.A, the most interesting B, most interesting C, the more interesting D, more interesting4.Do you think maths is _ important than English?A, very B, as C, more D, quite5.They got a Christmas tree and it was _ ours.A, so tall as B, so taller as C, as tall as D, as taller as6.Tom failed in the exam. He looked _.A, happy B, sadly C, upset D, lovely7.A taxi doesnt run as _ as an underground train.A, fast B, faster C, fastest D, more fast8.Yangpu Bridge is one of _ in the world.A, bigger bridge B, the biggest bridge C, the biggest bridges D, bigger bridges9.”Ive got an A for my history,” Judy said _.A, sadly B, sad C, happily D, happy10.I think the song in the film “Titanic” is _ one of all the movie songs.A, the most beautiful B, most beautiful C, a beautiful D, much more beautiful11.The little baby looks _.A, lovely B, carefully C, heavily D, sadly12.Her cousin can draw _ an artist.A, as well as B, not so well as C, as better as D, as good as13.Jinmao Tower is _ building in Shanghai.A, high B, tall C, highest D, the tallest14.30,000 dollars is a large amount of money, but its _ than we need.A, far more B, very much C, far less D, very little15.Mr Smith thought the Century Park was the second _ in Shanghai.A, large B, larger C, largest D, very large16.I think Yao Ming, the famous basketball player, will be _ new star in NBA.A, hot B, hotter C, hottest D, the hottest17.Shanghai Waihuan Tunnel is already open to traffic, so it will take us _ time to go to Pudong International Airport.A, a few B, fewer C, a little D, less18.A: What delicious cakes! B: They would taste _ with butter.A, good B, better C, bad D, worse19.Among all the teachersin this school, Miss Tao is one of _.A, young B, younger C, the youngest D, the most young20.Thanks to Mrs Lin! With her help, we finished our work an hour _.A, late B, later C, early D, earlier21.The light music sounded very _. I enjoyed every minute of it.A, well B, beautiful C, wonderfully D, boring22.A: In our English study reading is more important than speaking, I think.B: I dont agree. Speaking is _ reading.A, as important B, so important as C, the most important D, the same as23.A: Mum, the Chinese medicine tastes so _. I dont want to take it.B: But, dear, it is good for you.A, good B, terribly C, terrible D, well24.Where is todays newspaper? Is there _ in todays newspaper?A, important something B, something importantC, important anything D, anything important25.Simon looks _ today and smiles _ all the time.A, happy, happy B, happily, happily C, happy, happily D, happily, happy26.Its _ to send an e-mail than a regular mail.A, much more quickly B, quick C, more quickly D, much quicker27.The price of these dictionaries is _ than before.A, much cheaper B, more expensive C, much higher D, more higher28.Bob has _ to tell you.A, something important B, anything important C, important something D, important nothing29.She is looking _ at her lovely son. A, happy B, happily C, happiness D, happier30.The old soldier lived all by himself. Even though he was _, he was not _ at all.A, alone, lonely B, alone, alone C, lonely, alone D, lonely, lonely（二）词性变换。1.On hearing the great news that Beijing has won the birds of 2008 Olympic Game