软件测试面试题(中英文-全).doc

Difference between System testing and integration testIntegration Testing: Testing of combined parts of an application to determine if they function together correctly. Usually performed after unit and functional testing. This type of testing is especially relevant to client/server and distributed systems.System Testing: Testing that attempts to discover defects that are properties of the entire system rather than of its individual components.Difference between black box testing and white box testBlack Box testing: we test the functionaliy of the application throughly with the help of requirements. here we do not concern about the internal logic of the code. here we check the system by giving the proper input whether it gives proper output or not. this work done by the testers.White Box testing: we more concern about internal logic of the program i.e; here we check module interface local datastructures logical conditions on their true and false side loops etc; designated and executed by the developers/SDET.Difference between performance, load, and stress testingPerformance testing: Performance testing is used to show that after testing there is no defect in the system or application. Load testing and stress testing are the parts of performance testing.Load Testing: Load testing is used to test the application under a range of loads in order to determine at what point the systems response time degrades or fails.For example,If an application is supports 500 users then test whether it supports the no of users as specified.Stress Testing: This testing is used to push the system beyond the limits of its specified requirements to find the potentially harmful bugs. we can say that-How much is too much for the system.Difference between function testing and regression testing Functional Testing: This test is performed to see weather the program is working as per the given flow. functionality is working correctly or not as per requiremnet.Regression Testing: This test is performed during modification stage. where the applied changes impact the change in working of the whole project or not. Means weather the modification caused errors in existing working of the project or notDifference between actual result and expect resultActual result is the behavior produced/observed when a component or system is tested. Its like “what it actually look like” status.Expect result is the behavior predicted by the specification of the component or system under specified conditions. Its like “what it suppose to be” statusDid white box testing means testing of codeYes ,it test the logic of the codeWhat are the critical things you listed in the performance test result1. Concurrent users 2. Throughout 3. Server status such as CPU usage,Memory 4. Response times 5. Time lapses 6. Test environment What are contents of defects/bugsA software bug is the common term used to describe an error flaw, mistake, failure, or fault in a computer program or system that produces an incorrect or unexpected result, or causes it to behave in unintended ways.Content of bugs1. Bug ID 2. Bug Title 3. Summary: expected result, actual result 4. Priority 5. Severity 6. Status:Open/fix/close/holdon/non-reproduce 7. Software Version 8. Platform and OS 9. Component 10. Assign To 11. Environment 12. Reproduce Steps 13. Supporting files, such as snapshot What are contents of test cases1. Test Case ID: 2. Case Name 3. Priority 4. Test step 5. Test Execution 6. Expected Results 7. Actual Results 8. Revision history 9. Environment 10. Run time 11. Name of tester, date What is test plan? Have you ever written test plan? A test plan is a document detailing a systematic approach to testing a system such as a machine or software.Contents of test plan:1. Test scope 2. Test strategy: integrate testing, system testing, performance testing, security testing 3. Test Risk 4. Test resource 5. Test time line 6. Sign off critical What is the scope of testingThe scope of testing is the boundaries of testing, what will be tested and what will not be tested.What does your test report look like 1. the scope of testing 2. test enviroment 3. Detailed Test result:the case execution and their status 4. bug quantity and severity 5. Suggestion What is bug triage and triage group? How to resolve conflict when verifying it is a bug or notTriage is a process of identify or verify the bugs based on the information of the bug. Whenever we have disagreement to indentify the bug or for a very complex bug, we assign the bug to the triage group, a group of Sr. developers, testers, and leads, to verify it.How to know your test cases are too many or too lessVerify the test cases against the scope of the testing and function requirementHow to ensure the test coverage1. Ensure that the documents defining the business and customer requirements are complete and correct. 2. Ensure that testers themselves have thoroughly read and understood the documents. 3. Prepare a clear cut scope of testing based on product documents. 4. The strategy and Test Planning is as per system requirements. 5. Decide test methodology and test tools (if any), and test schedule. 6. Prepare Test Cases based on business rules and customer requirements. 7. Ensure that the test cases are extensive and sensible to cover the complete requirements testing. 8. Ensure that during testing no changes in the test environment (coding etc.) is done by development team. 9. Ensure that development team representatives (1 or all) are present during the complete testing. 10. Create Test Scenarios based on test cases. 11. Observe the result of each test case and record it accordingly. 12. Prepare a comprehensive and detailed test report explaining each of the test case, scenario and its result elaborately. 13. Ensure that all bugs reported should make sense, no duplication/overlapping 14. The final report submitted should clearly state the areas, reason, impact not covered under testing if avaliable. 15. Ensure that you have a tentative plan from the dev team when theyre fixing all bugs and submitting it back to testing team. 16. Verify all bugs fixed and ensure that the development team is sitting with testers during verification. How to make sure/verify that your testers are blocked by error1. Verify the build by running build verification test cases 2. Verify the test case steps, script, and data. If the data is spoofed, we also need to verify the script for spoofing the data 3. Rerun the test cases by other tester (other environment if there is as alternative) for double check When should testing be stopped?1. all the testcases are executed2. Defect rate follows down below the criteria,Bug rate falls down below the criteria3. dead line comesLR面试题What is load testing? Load testing is totestthat if the application works fine with the loads that result from large number of simultaneous users, transactions and to determine weather it can handle peak usage periods.What is Performance testing? Timing for both read and update transactions should be gathered to determine whether system functions are being performed in an acceptable timeframe. This should be done standalone and then in a multi user environment to determine the effect of multiple transactions on the timing of a single transaction.Explain the Load testing process? Step 1: Planning the test. Here, we develop a clearly defined test plan to ensure the test scenarios we develop will accomplish load-testing objectives.Step 2: Creating Vusers. Here, we create Vuser scrpts that contain tasks performed by each Vuser, tasks performed by Vusers as a whole, and tasks measured as transactions.Step 3: Creating the scenario. A scenario describes the events that occur during a testing session. It includes a list of machines, scrpts, and Vusers that run during the scenario. We create scenarios using LoadRunner Controller. We can create manual scenarios as well as goal-oriented scenarios. In manual scenarios, we define the number of Vusers, the load generator machines, and percentage of Vusers to be assigned to each scrpt. Forwebtests, we may create a goal-oriented scenario where we define the goal that our test has to achieve. LoadRunner automatically builds a scenario for us.Step 4: Running the scenario.We emulate load on theserverby instructing multiple Vusers to perform. tasks simultaneously. Before the testing, we set the scenario configuration and scheduling. We can run the entire scenario, Vuser groups, or individual Vusers.Step 5: Monitoring the scenario.We monitor scenario execution using the LoadRunner online runtime, transaction, system resource, Web resource, Web server resource, Web application server resource, database server resource, network delay, streaming media resource, firewall server resource, ERP server resource, andJavaperformance monitors.Step 6: Analyzing test results. During scenario execution, LoadRunner records the performance of the application under different loads. We use LoadRunners graphs and reports to analyze the applications performance.When do you do load and performance Testing? perform. load testing once we are done with interface (GUI) testing. Modern system architectures are large and complex. Whereas single user testing primarily on functionality and user interface of a system component, application testing focuses on performance and reliability of an entire system. For example, a typical application-testing scenario might depict 1000 users logging in simultaneously to a system. This gives rise to issues such as what is the response time of the system, does it crash, will it go with different software applications and platforms, can it hold so many hundreds and thousands of users, etc. This is when we set do load and performance testing.What are the components of LoadRunner? The components of LoadRunner are The Virtual User Generator, Controller, and the Agent process, LoadRunner Analysis and Monitoring, LoadRunner Books Online.What Component of Load Runner would you use to record a script? - The Virtual User Generator (VuGen) component is used to record a scrpt. It enables you to develop Vuser scripts for a variety of application types and communication protocols.What Component of LoadRunner would you use to play Back the scrpt in multi user mode? The Controller component is used to playback the scrpt in multi-user mode. This is done during a scenario run where a vuser scrpt is executed by a number of vusers in a group.What is a rendezvous point? You insert rendezvous points into Vuser scrpts to emulate heavy user load on the server. Rendezvous points instruct Vusers to wait during test execution for multiple Vusers to arrive at a certain point, in order that they may simultaneously perform. a task. For example, to emulate peak load on the bank server, you can insert a rendezvous point instructing 100 Vusers to deposit cash into their accounts at the same time.What is a scenario? A scenario defines the events that occur during each testing session. For example, a scenario defines and controls the number of users to emulate, the actions to be performed, and the machines on which the virtual users run their emulations.Explain the recording mode for web Vuser scrpt? We use VuGen to develop a Vuser scrpt by recording a user performing typical business processes on a client application. VuGen creates the scrpt by recording the activity between the client and the server. For example, in web based applications, VuGen monitors the client end of the database and traces all the requests sent to, and received from, the database server. We use VuGen to: Monitor the communication between the application and the server; Generate the required function calls; and Insert the generated function calls into a Vuser scrpt.Why do you create parameters?Parameters are like scrpt variables. They are used to vary input to the server and to emulate real users. Different sets of data are sent to the server each time the scrpt is run. Better simulate the usage model for more accurate testing from the Controller; one scrpt can emulate many different users on the system.What is correlation? Explain the difference between automatic correlation and manual correlation? Correlation is used to obtain data which are unique for each run of the scrpt and which are generated by nested queries. Correlation provides the value to avoid errors arising out of duplicate values and also optimizing the code (to avoid nested queries). Automatic correlation is where we set some rules for correlation. It can be application server specific. Here values are replaced by data which are created by these rules. In manual correlation, the value we want to correlate is scanned and create correlation is used to correlate.How do you find out where correlation is required? Give few examples from your projects? - Two ways: First we can scan for correlations, and see the list of values which can be correlated. From this we can pick a value to be correlated. Secondly, we can record two scrpts and compare them. We can look up the difference file to see for the values which needed to be correlated. In my project, there was a unique id developed for each customer, it was nothing but Insurance Number, it was generated automatically and it was sequential and this value was unique. I had to correlate this value, in order to avoid errors while running my scrpt. I did using scan for correlation.Where do you set automatic correlation options? Automatic correlation from web point of view can be set in recording options and correlation tab. Here we can enable correlation for the entire scrpt and choose either issue online messages or offline actions, where we can define rules for that correlation. Automatic correlation for database can be done using show output window and scan for correlation and picking the correlate query tab and choose which query value we want to correlate. If we know the specific value to be correlated, we just do create correlation for the value and specify how the value to be created.What is a function to capture dynamic values in the web Vuser scrpt? - Web_reg_save_param function saves dynamic data information to a parameter.When do you disable log in Virtual User Generator, When do you choose standard and extended logs? Once we debug our scrpt and verify that it is functional, we can enable logging for errors only. When we add a scrpt to a scenario, logging is automatically disabled. Standard Log Option: When you selectStandard log, it creates a standard log of functions and messages sent during scrpt execution to use for debugging. Disable this option for large load testing scenarios. When you copy a scrpt to a scenario, logging is automatically disabled Extended Log Option: Selectextended log to create an extended log, including warnings and other messages. Disable this option for large load testing scenarios. When you copy a scrpt to a scenario, logging is automatically disabled. We can specify which additional information should be added to the extended log using the Extended log options.How do you debug a LoadRunner scrpt? VuGen contains two options to help debug Vuser scrpts-the RunStepbyStep command and breakpoints. The Debug settings in the Options dialog box allow us to determine the extent of the trace to be performed during scenario execution. The debug information is written to the Output window. We can manually set the message class within your scrpt using the lr_set_debug_message function. This is useful if we want to receive debug information about a small section of the scrpt only.How do you write user defined functions in LR? Give me few functions you wrote in your previous project? Before we create the User Defined functions we need to create the externallibrary (DLL) with the function. We add this library to VuGen bin directory. Once the library is added then we assign user defined function as a parameter. The function should have the following format: _declspec (dllexport) char* (char*, char*)Examples of user defined functions are as follows:GetVersion, GetCurrentTime, GetPltform. are some of the user defined functions used in my earlier project.What are the changes you can make in run-time settings? The Run Time Settings that we make are: a) Pacing - It has iteration count. b) Log - Under this we have Disable Logging Standard Log and c) Extended Think Time - In think time we have two options like Ignore think time and Replay think time. d) General - Under general tab we can set the vusers as process or as multithreading and whether each step as a transaction.Where do you set Iteration for Vuser testing?We set Iterations in the Run Time Settings of the VuGen. The navigation for this is Run time settings, Pacing tab, set number of iterations.How do you perform. functional testing under load? Functionality under load can be tested by running several Vusers concurrently. By increasing the amount of Vusers, we can determine how much load the server can sustain.What is Ramp up? How do you set this? This option is used to gradually increase the amount of Vusers/load on the server. An initial value is set and a value to wait between intervals can bespecified. To set Ramp Up, go to Scenario Scheduling Options安全测试试题；SQL注入的工作原理？LR试题性能测试中，如何处理口令登录情况？在访如果网站使用了域验证方式，访问时会弹出一个对话框，要求用户名、口令、域名。在使用VU Generator进行录制是无法录制到用户输入的用户名和口令的情况下需要用户使用LR提供的函数进行处理。函数为Web_set_user，访问指定的URL之前先用函数设定访问URL需要的用户名和口令web_set_user(“domainuser”, “password”, “www.