2019年上海高中英语春考卷.doc

Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.repetitive B. continually C. alertsD. patternE. locate F. mentalG. challenge H. network I. evolving J. reversely K. literacyBill Drayton believes were in the middle of a necessary but painful historical transition. For millenniums most peoples lives had a certain _31_. You went to school to learn a trade or a skill-baking, farming or accounting. Then you could go into the workforce and make a good living repeating the same skill over the course of your career.But these days machines can do pretty much anything thats _32_. The new world requires a different sort of person. Drayton calls this new sort of personal changemaker.Changemakers are people who can see the patterns around them, identify the problems in any situation, figure out ways to solve the problem, organize fluid teams, lead collective action and then _33_ adapt as situations change.For example, Ashoka fellow Andrs Gallardo is a Mexican who lived in a high crime neighborhood. He created an app, called Haus, that allows people to _34_ with their neighbors. The app has a panic button that _35_ everybody in the neighborhood when a crime is happening. It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics and work together.To form and lead this community of communities, Gallardo had to possess what Drayton calls cognitive empathy-based living for the good of all. Cognitive empathy is the ability to perceive how people are feeling in _36_ circumstances. For the good of all is the capacity to build teams.It doesnt matter if you are working in the cafeteria or the inspection line of a plant, companies will now only hire people who can _37_ problems and organize responses.Millions of people already live with this mind-set. But a lot of people still inhabit the world of following rules and repetitive skills. They hear society telling them: We dont need you. We dont need your kids, either. Of course, those people go into reactionary mode and strike back.The central _38_ of our time, Drayton says, is to make everyone a changemaker. In an earlier era, he says, society realized it needed universal _39_. Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to make the changemaking mentality universal. They have to understand this is their criteria for success.Ashoka has studied social movements to find out how this kind of _40_ shift can be promoted. It turns out that successful movements take similar steps.pattern repetitive continually network alerts evolving locate challenge literacy mentalDABHC IEGKFIII. Reading Comprehensionsection A (15分)Directions:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.More people are travelling than ever before, and lower barriers to entry and falling costs means they are doing so for _41_ periods.The rise of city breaks48-hour bursts of foreign cultures, easier on the pocket and annual leave balance has increased tourist numbers, but not their _42_ spread. The same attractions have been used to market cities such as Paris, Barcelona and Venice for decades, and visitors use the same infrastructure as residents to reach them. “Too many people do the same thing at the exact same time, says Font. For _43_, the city no longer belongs to them.This starts with marketing, says Font, who notes that Amsterdam has started advising visitors to seek _44_ outside of the city centreon its official website. “That takes some balls, really, to do that. But only so many people will look at the website, and it means they can say to their residents theyre doing all they can to ease congestion.”But it also _45_ a better way, it is calling detourism: sustainable travel tips and _46_ itineraries for exploring an authentic Venice, off the paths beaten by the 28 million visitors who flock there each year.A greater variety of _47_ for prospective visitors - ideas for what to do in off-peak seasons, for example, or outside of the city center-can have the effect of diverting them from already saturated landmarks, or _48_ short breaks away in the first place. Longer stays _49_ the pressure, says Font. If you so to Paris for two days, youre going to go to the Eifel Tower. If you go for two weeks, youre not going to go to the Eiffel tower 14 times.Similarly, repeat visitors have a better sense of the _50_, We should be asking how do we get tourists to _51_, not how to get them to come for the first time. If theyre coming for the fifth time, it is much easier to integrate their behavior with ours.Local governments can foster this sustainable activity by giving preference to responsible operator and even high-paying consumers. Font says cities could stand to be more selective about the tourists they try to attract when the current metric for marketing success is how many there are, and how far theyve come. “Youre thinking, yeah but at what cost.”He points to unpublished data from the Barcelona Tourist Board that prioritizes Japanese tourist for spending an average of 640 more per day than French tourists a(n) _52_ that fails to take into account their bigger carbon footprint _53_ tourists are also more likely to be repeat visitors that come at off-peak times, buy local produce, and _54_ to less crowded parts of the city - all productive steps towards more _55_ tourism, and more peaceful relations with residents.shorter geographic locals accommodation proposesalternative guidance discouraging ease culturecome back comparison French spread out sustainableBDABC CBBDA ADACDSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Everything about nuclear energy seems terrifically big: the cost, construction and decommissioning and the fears of something going badly wrong. The future, however, may well be much smaller. Dozens of companies are working on a new generation of reactors that, they promise, can deliver nuclear power at lower cost and reduced risk. These small-scale plants will on average generate between 50MW and 300MW of power compared with the 1,000MW-plus from a conventional reactor. They will draw on modular manufacturing techniques that will reduce construction risk, which has plagued larger-scale projects. Supporters believe these advanced modular reactors (AMRs) most of which will not be commercial until the 2030s are critical if atomic power is to compete against the rapidly falling costs of solar and wind. “The physics hasnt changed. Its about much cleverer design that offers much-needed flexibility in terms of operation,” said Tim Stone, long-term industry adviser and chairman of Nuclear Risk Insurers, which insures nuclear sites in the UK. Since the Fukushima meltdown in Japan in 2011, safety fears have threatened nuclear power. But the biggest obstacle today is economic. In western Europe, just three plants are under construction: in the UK at Hinkley Point C in Somerset; at Flamanville in France; and at Olkiluoto in Finland. All involve the European Pressurized Reactor technology of EDF that will be used at Hinkley Point. All are running years late and over budget. In the US, the first two nuclear projects under way for the past 30 years are also blowing through cost estimates.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Where are the bees?Bees are essential to the production of food we eat. Bees make honey, but they also pollinate large areas of crops, such as strawberries, apples and onions. About a third of the food we eat is a result of pollination of the bees. Unfortunately, bees have been disappearing at an alarming rate.In 2006, bee keepers started reporting about something called Colony Collapse Disaster(CCD). The main sign of CCD is the loss of adult honey bees from a hive. In October of 2006, some beekeepers reported that they had lost between 30 and 90 percent of their hives.There were many theories for the disappearance of the bees. But the most convincing one has to do with pesticides and lifestyles of bees today. Nowadays, beekeeper get most of their income not from producing honey but from renting bees to pollinate plants. This means that the life of the typical bee now consists of traveling all around the country to pollinate crops as the seasons change. That means a lot of traveling on trucks, which is very stressful to bees. It is not unusual for up to 30% of the hive to die during transport due to stress. In addition, bees that spend most of their time locked up on trucks are not exposed to what they usually live on. Instead, they live on a sweet liquid from corn, usually polluted with pesticides.The exact reason for the disappearance of bees is not sure, but losing bees is very costly to the economy. The bee pollination services are worth over $8 billion a year. With no bees, pollination will have to be done by hand, which would have effects on the quality of food and increased food prices. We hear a lot about big environmental disasters almost every day. But one of the biggest may just be the loss of that tiny flying insect.V. TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72究竟是什么激发了小王学习电子工程的积极性？（motivate）72What on earth has motivated Xiao Wangs enthusiasm/initiativeto major in electronic engineering?73支付给用户带来了方便，但牺牲的是他们的隐私。（at the cost of）Online payment brings convenience to consumers at the cost of their privacy.74.令我的父母高兴的是，从这套公寓的餐厅可以俯视街对面的世纪公园，从起居室也可以。（so）To my parents satisfaction, the dining room of this apartment overlooks the Century Park opposite the street and so it is with the sitting room.或者What makes my parents really satisfy is that they can see the Century Park from the dining room of this apartment, so can they from the living room.75.这个博物馆疏于管理,展品积灰，门庭冷落，急需改善。（whose）This museum is not well managed, whose exhibits are covered with dust, and there are few visitors, so everything is badly in need of improvement.或The museum whose management is reckless, whose exhibits are piled with dust and whose lobby is deserted, requires immediate improvement.VI. Guided WritingDirections:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假如你是明启中学的李华，你的朋友李楠给你写了一封信，告诉你他要开发一个新的APP，用这个软件共享衣服，想要征集大家的看法，你是否愿意共享你的衣服，给出理由（信的格式已给）Dear Li Nan,Hearing that you have developed a new app of students sharing cloth