熟悉网络环境及网络命令的应用.docx

计算机网络实验报告 熟悉网络环境及网络命令的应用 学院：计算机科学与工程 班级： 姓名： 学号： 一、实验课时 2学时二、实验目的通过实验熟悉网络环境，掌握常见网络测试命令，加深TCP/IP协议的理解。三、实验内容在熟悉网络环境的基础上，学习使用Windows操作系统提供的常见网络测试命令。（也可以是UNIX或Liunx操作系统下类似功能的shell命令）主要命令包括： （1）ping（2）arp（3）ipconfig（4）tracert（5）netstat（6）pathing（7）route（8）http（telnet）（9）ftp（10）nslookup 四、实验步骤 1.进入MS-DOS命令状态2.使用ping命令测试网络连通性。（1）ping ，测试网卡本身C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorping Pinging with 32 bytes of data:Reply from : bytes=32 timeping 7Pinging 7with 32 bytes of data:Reply from 7: bytes=32 timeping Pinging with 32 bytes of data:Reply from : bytes=32 timeping Pinging with 32 bytes of data:Reply from : bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126Ping statistics for :Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms（4）分别说明-t-n等参数的意义，并选择合适的目的地址进行测试，写出实验结果 -t连续对ip地址执行ping命令，直到被用户以ctrl+c中断。C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorping -tPinging with 32 bytes of data: Reply from : bytes=32 timearp aInterface: 4 - 0x2Internet Address Physical Address Type 00-0f-e2-df-20-95 dynamic 2 44-37-e6-29-14-bc dynamic 15 44-37-e6-28-52-d5 dynamic 26 44-37-e6-29-13-f8 dynamic（2）再ping某个没有ping过的本子网的主机地址，再用arp-a查看结果，记录前后有何变化C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorping 2Pinging 2 with 32 bytes of data:Reply from 2: bytes=32 timearp -aInterface: 4 - 0x2 Internet Address Physical Address Type 00-0f-e2-df-20-95 dynamic 2 44-37-e6-29-14-bc dynamic 26 44-37-e6-29-13-f8 dynamic4.使用ipconfig命令查看本机网卡参数配置默认情况下，仅显示绑定到 TCP/IP 的适配器的 IP 地址、子网掩码和默认网关。C:Documents and SettingsAdministratoripconfigWindows IP ConfigurationEthernet adapter 本地连接: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 4 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 2001:da8:4002:3022:c8d2:24ec:da58:925f IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 2001:da8:4002:3022:4637:e6ff:fe28:c5ac IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : fe80:4637:e6ff:fe28:c5ac%4 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : fe80:20f:e2ff:fedf:2095%4Tunnel adapter Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : fe80:ffff:ffff:fffd%5 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . :（3）记录网络接口各参数配置，并简单解释个参数的意义C:Documents and SettingsAdministratoripconfig/allWindows IP Configuration Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : student4-054 Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . : Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Unknown IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : YesEthernet adapter 本地连接: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Marvell Yukon 88E8057 PCI-E GigabitEthernet Controller Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 44-37-E6-28-C5-B4 Dhcp Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 4 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 2001:da8:4002:3022:25b2:fe31:f821:d3c1 IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 2001:da8:4002:3022:4637:e6ff:fe28:c5b4 IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : fe80:4637:e6ff:fe28:c5b4%4 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : fe80:20f:e2ff:fedf:2095%4 DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : fec0:0:0:ffff:1%1 fec0:0:0:ffff:2%1 fec0:0:0:ffff:3%1Tunnel adapter Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF Dhcp Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : fe80:ffff:ffff:fffd%5 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Disabled5.使用tracert命令跟踪路由，tracert目的主机，先跟踪本实验室，在跟踪一个校内主机，最后跟踪一个校外主机，并对3个目的主机记录。（1）分组是否的确到达目的地？（2）到达目的主机经过了多少跳？（3）如果没有到达，停留在什么地方？（4）讨论3种情况区别1.跟踪本实验室主机C:Documents and SettingsAdministratortracert 1Tracing route to 1 over a maximum of 30 hops 1 1 ms 1 ms tracert Tracing route to over a maximum of 30 hops 1 * * * Request timed out. 2 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms 5 3 1 ms 1 ms tracert Tracing route to 35over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 * * * Request timed out. 2 1 ms 1 ms netstat -e -sInterface Statistics Received SentBytes 61230745 4303390Unicast packets 54736 38484Non-unicast packets 52995 747Discards 0 0Errors 0 1Unknown protocols 8188 IPv4 Statistics Packets Received = 101926 Received Header Errors = 0 Received Address Errors = 665 Datagrams Forwarded = 0 Unknown Protocols Received = 0 Received Packets Discarded = 384 Received Packets Delivered = 101437 Output Requests = 39100 Routing Discards = 0 Discarded Output Packets = 0 Output Packet No Route = 0 Reassembly Required = 210 Reassembly Successful = 105 Reassembly Failures = 0 Datagrams Successfully Fragmented = 100 Datagrams Failing Fragmentation = 0 Fragments Created = 200IPv6 Statistics Packets Received = 43 Received Header Errors = 0 Received Address Errors = 0 Datagrams Forwarded = 0 Unknown Protocols Received = 0 Received Packets Discarded = 0 Received Packets Delivered = 0 Output Requests = 78 Routing Discards = 0 Discarded Output Packets = 19 Output Packet No Route = 0 Reassembly Required = 0 Reassembly Successful = 0 Reassembly Failures = 0 Datagrams Successfully Fragmented = 0 Datagrams Failing Fragmentation = 0 Fragments Created = 0ICMPv4 Statistics Received Sent Messages 1835 1765 Errors 0 0 Destination Unreachable 175 104 Time Exceeded 4 0 Parameter Problems 0 0 Source Quenches 0 0 Redirects 0 0 Echos 1 1660 Echo Replies 1655 1 Timestamps 0 0 Timestamp Replies 0 0 Address Masks 0 0 Address Mask Replies 0 0ICMPv6 Statistics Received Sent Messages 7 29 Errors 0 0 Destination Unreachable 4 4 MLD Reports 0 4 Router Solicitations 0 3 Router Advertisements 3 0 Neighbor Solicitations 0 18TCP Statistics for IPv4 Active Opens = 2161 Passive Opens = 37 Failed Connection Attempts = 335 Reset Connections = 259 Current Connections = 5 Segments Received = 48124 Segments Sent = 30260 Segments Retransmitted = 1306TCP Statistics for IPv6 Active Opens = 20 Passive Opens = 0 Failed Connection Attempts = 20 Reset Connections = 0 Current Connections = 0 Segments Received = 36 Segments Sent = 38 Segments Retransmitted = 36UDP Statistics for IPv4 Datagrams Received = 54806 No Ports = 676 Receive Errors = 0 Datagrams Sent = 5316UDP Statistics for IPv6 Datagrams Received = 0 No Ports = 0 Receive Errors = 0 Datagrams Sent = 0（2）仅显示TCP和UDP协议的统计信息，执行命令C:Documents and SettingsAdministratornetstat -s -p udpUDP Statistics for IPv4 Datagrams Received = 228303 No Ports = 2756 Receive Errors = 0 Datagrams Sent = 9306Active Connections Proto Local Address Foreign Address State (3)每5秒钟显示一次活动的TCP连接和进程ID，执行命令Netstat o 5C:Documents and SettingsAdministratornetstat -o 5Active Connections Proto Local Address Foreign Address State PID TCP student4-054:2724 :http CLOSE_WAIT 3436 TCP student4-054:3426 6:http TIME_WAIT 0 TCP student4-054:3457 6:http ESTABLISHED 3872TCP student4-054:1028 localhost:27015 ESTABLISHED 1352TCP student4-054:27015 localhost:1028 ESTABLISHED 180（4）以数字形式显示活动的TCP连接和进程ID，执行命令Netstat n oC:Documents and SettingsAdministratornetstat -n -oActive Connections Proto Local Address Foreign Address State PID TCP 4:3483 :80 CLOSE_WAIT 3436 TCP 4:3587 5:80 ESTABLISHED 3872 TCP 4:3594 3:80 TIME_WAIT 0 TCP :1028 :27015 ESTABLISHED 1352 TCP :27015 :1028 ESTABLISHED 180TCP :30003 :3598 TIME_WAIT 07.pathing路由跟踪命令结合了ping和tracert命令的功能，可能提供这两个命令都无法提供的附加信息，pathing命令将数据包发送到最终目标位置途中经过的每个路由器，然后根据从每个跃点返回的数据包统计结果。因为pathing显示指定的所有路由器和链接的数据包的丢失程度，所以用户可据此确定引起网络问题的路由器或链接。记录下列操作的结果，并说明含义。（1）pathping C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorpathping Tracing route to over a maximum of 30 hops: 0 student4-054 4 1 * * *Computing statistics for 25 seconds. Source to Here This Node/LinkHop RTT Lost/Sent = Pct Lost/Sent = Pct Address 0 student4-054 4 100/ 100 =100% | 1 - 100/ 100 =100% 0/ 100 = 0% student4-054 Trace complete.（2）pathping C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorpathping Tracing route to 05over a maximum of 30 hops: 0 student4-054 4 1 * * *Computing statistics for 25 seconds. Source to Here This Node/LinkHop RTT Lost/Sent = Pct Lost/Sent = Pct Address 0 student4-054 4 100/ 100 =100% | 1 - 100/ 100 =100% 0/ 100 = 0% student4-054 Trace complete.（3）pathping C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorpathping Tracing route to 68over a maximum of 30 hops: 0 student4-054 4 1 * * *Computing statistics for 25 seconds. Source to Here This Node/LinkHop RTT Lost/Sent = Pct Lost/Sent = Pct Address 0 student4-054 4 100/ 100 =100% | 1 - 100/ 100 =100% 0/ 100 = 0% student4-054 Trace complete.（4）pathping n w 1000 C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorpathping -n -w 1000Tracing route to 16over a maximum of 30 hops: 0 4 1 * * *Computing statistics for 25 seconds. Source to Here This Node/LinkHop RTT Lost/Sent = Pct Lost/Sent = Pct Address 0 4 100/ 100 =100% | 1 - 100/ 100 =100% 0/ 100 = 0% Trace complete.8.使用route命令查看或修改主机路由表，记录命令执行结果，并说明含义。(1)route print,显示路由信息 print 打印路由DestinationC:Documents and SettingsAdministratorroute print=Interface List0x1 . MS TCP Loopback interface0x2 .44 37 e6 28 c5 ac . Marvell Yukon 88E8057 PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet Controller - 数据包计划程序微型端口=Active Routes:Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 4 1 4 4 10 4 55 10 55 55 4 4 10 1 10.50.2