一种馆藏壁画支撑体的研制.doc

一种馆藏壁画支撑体的研制中文古代壁画蕴含着丰富多彩的古代文化信息，是传统文化的载体之一。由于各种条件的制约，大批壁画往往被揭取下来保存在博物馆之中。壁画支撑体作为壁画的背衬，起到稳固揭取壁画的作用，是壁画能否得以长期有效保存的关键。事实上，当支撑体出现不同程度的起翘、扭曲等病害后，壁画也会因之发生严重的破坏，这种情况已经出现在陕西历史博物馆的馆藏壁画上。本论文在对目前常用的环氧树脂和多孔蜂窝铝支撑体进行实验分析的基础上，指出了馆藏壁画支撑体不仅需要一定的强度和韧性，以及不变形性，而且还需要具备一定的透气性。据此，本论文对传统的石膏支撑体进行改性处理，研制出一种具有一定的透气性、高强度石膏支撑体。其抗折强度与未进行增强的传统石膏支撑体比起来提高了近400%，而厚度仅有10 mm，变形性同时也得到了很好的改善，并且与其他被应用的支撑体相比，具有优良的透气性能。因此这种新型的支撑体完全能够满足壁画保护的要求。论文主要由综述和研究报告两部分组成，综述部分介绍了壁画支撑体在馆藏壁画保护方面的重要性、发展、应用的历史和要求，以及存在的问题。进一步指出环氧树脂支撑体的可逆操作中存在很多问题，给壁画留下很多隐患。多孔蜂窝铝支撑体的可逆操作迄今为止还未见报道，而石膏支撑体的可逆操作是对壁画影响最小的。研究报告部分一则阐述了新型的石膏复合材料在透气性、变形性和可逆性等方面的理化性能，二则介绍了相关的实验原理、方法和结果。论文的实验部分重点解决了以下四个方面的问题: 石膏支撑体的改性问题。采用12 mm的短切纤维，经过苯丙乳液、偶联剂的处理以后作为增强剂，并且分别以石膏纤维织布和玻璃纤维格栅来增强石膏支撑体的抗折强度，使抗折强度增加400%。 石膏支撑体的高吸水性问题。对石蜡乳液、水性环氧树脂和水性氟等改性剂进行了筛选，发现添加3%的水性氟可以使支撑体的2 h吸水量减到2%，24 h吸水量减到3.2%。 壁画支撑体的变形性问题。把分别经过石膏纤维织布和玻璃纤维格栅增强的支撑进行改性后的石膏支撑体和目前大量使用的环氧树脂支撑体、多孔蜂窝铝支撑体的变形性进行了比较，发现环氧树脂支撑体的变形性很大，新型的石膏支撑体的变形性非常小，可以满足壁画保护的要求。 壁画支撑体的透气性问题。新型石膏支撑体有着很好的透气性，特别是它的透气性是随着水性氟的增加而减小。而蜂窝铝没有透气性。 对这种新型的支撑体在壁画保护中的应用工艺进行了说明。译文The mural is very important in historical research in china because the mural can show the historical, economic and cultural at that time. Due to various conditions constraint, many murals have to be taken to the Museum .The artificial layer of wall painting fragments in mural protecting is the key whether the mural can be protected perfectly. But much mural destruct because of the artificial layer of wall painting fragments. The artificial layer of wall painting fragments are used to fixed the mural which be taken .Actually, when the artificial layer of wall painting fragments bring in degrees of disease, the mural will be destructed. The mural be saved in Shaanxi History Museum is apparent example. This paper shows the special requirements for support body in mural of the collected mural. This thesis point out the advantages and disadvantages of the epoxy resin artificial layer of wall painting fragments and aluminum honeycomb artificial layer of wall painting fragments, but also indicate the support body in mural must have the characteristic which is the permeability, Stable Shape. The Traditional Plaster support body in mural is very in permeability, but low Toughness. This thesis has tried to improve the Toughness of Traditional Plaster support body in mural. After improving the flexural strength of the new support body has increased 400% to the traditional plaster support body, but the thickness is 10mm to the traditional one. The deformation be improved, meeting the requirements of the protection wall paintings perfectly. This thesis consists of two sections: review and research report.In the review section, the importance, the development and basic process and the application of history and requirements for artificial layer of wall painting fragments was simply presented. The application of problem artificial layer of wall painting fragments was well summarized. To support the final reversible and specific operation, and explain that the epoxy resin artificial layer of wall painting fragments existing problems in the operation of reversible, leaving many hidden problems. The murals aluminum honeycomb of reversible operation support so far, and cast the reversible operation is supported on the murals.In the research report part, Due to these elements, such as: permeability, deformation, reversible factor, gypsum is one of best artificial layer. And the first put forward by the plaster fiber fabric and glass fiber grating to support the flexural strength, make support had good toughness The research section includes four parts.Part one. It mainly discusses the, gypsum modification. Under the best conditions, 12mm A short cut the fiber as strengthening agent after styrene-acrylic latex and agent after the treatment for. And with gypsum fiber fabric and glass fiber grating to enhance gesso support the flexural strength, flexural strength increase 400%. Each component is discussed, and the proportion of added.Part two. In the application of gypsum artificial layer of wall painting fragments in the study of superabsorbent do. Put forward respectively by paraffin wax emulsion, waterborne epoxy resin, water-based fluorine for modifier. The plaster fiber cloth of glass fiber reinforced gorged support, puts forward the experiment, the best proportion of added gesso of 3% of fluorine can make support 2 h water quantity to 2%, 24h water quantity to 3.2%.Part three .Discusses the murals artificial layer of wall painting fragments. The plaster fiber fabric and respectively through the glass fiber grating strengthen support for modified gesso artificial layer of wall painting fragments and use of epoxy resin, porous aluminum honeycomb supported the support, found the support of epoxy resin, large deformation of gypsum support deformation is very small, can satisfy the requirements for protection of the fresco. Aluminum honeycomb is almost nothing.Part four Discuss the permeability of the artificial layer of wall painting fragments ventilation. New gesso artificial layer of wal