第二部分--二 人生价值类.doc

8、人生价值类（1）2004年真题。Directions: Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should: 1) describe the drawing,2) interpret its meaning, and3) support your view with examples.You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.真题分析： 本题承袭了考研漫画内容简洁、寓意深刻的风格。一个满头大汗的运动员正冲破了一次长跑比赛的终点，而在终点的不远处，赫然标着两个大字“起点”。通过漫画的题目“终点又是新起点”，考生很容易就可以抓住本题的中心论点：在人生道路上，我们不能仅仅满足于一两次的成功，而只有不断地追求，我们才能取得进步和发展。这也符合哲学上事物是不断发展的这一趋势和真理。针对这类人生奋斗类的题型，一般提纲都会要求考生举出事例，即使提纲没有要求，考生最好也能够写出一两个事例，以增强文章的说服力。一般来说，在这种情况下，举残疾人、先进人物等的例子会比较切题，有效地加强文章的力度。思路拓展：（见下题）范文： The picture presents a young runner who just finishes a long run and arrives at the finish line, sweating and smiling. While he stand at the end, a sign stating “beginning” lies not far away from his position, indicating that “an end means a new beginning”. It is true that when a runner reaches the end of one race, he needs to realize that his immediate task is how to achieve the next goal, instead of indulging the past glory and accomplishment. The identical truth applies to every individual, organization, and nation, that setting new goals continuously is the source of advancement. The deaf and mute American girl Helen Keller is a typical example of our case, as she had spent her whole life struggling and striving for one goal after another. It is not surprising that she finally turned out to be an excellent writer. Equally, businesses and industries should keep setting new tasks in order to preserve their competitiveness. Microsoft, for instance, never ceases creating new products the company launched Vista, Office 2007 and Exchange Server recently though it is already being such a huge conglomerate. In short, it is non-stop efforts that lead to progress.译文： 该图展示了一个运动员刚完成一场赛跑、达到终点，他满头大汗但是却非常满意地微笑着。在他所站的终点标志附近，该图标出了“起点”的标志，说明了“终点是新的起点”。 确实，当一个运动员跑到终点的时候，他必须马上意识到他的下一个任务是达到新的目标，而不是沉湎于过去的荣耀和成就。同样的道理也适用于每一个个人、组织、以及国家，即不断地设立新的目标才能不断地前进。 聋哑的美国女孩海伦.凯勒是这方面的一个典型例子，因为她一生都在为一个接一个的目标而努力和奋斗。因此，她最后变成了一个优秀的作家并不令人惊讶。同样的，工商界如果想要保持它们的竞争力，就要不断地为自己设立新任务。例如，微软公司作为如此大型的一个集团，也从来没有停止创造新产品的脚步，该公司在最近发布了Vista, Office 2007 和Exchange Server三大产品。总的来说，永不停止的努力才能引领进步和发展。闪光词汇及词组：sweating and smiling: 这里我们要介绍英语中的一种特殊的修辞方法，叫做alliteration，即“头韵”。一般在汉语以及英语中我们讲究压尾韵，而英语中经常可以把一些开头的辅音相同的单词组合在一起，读起来也非常琅琅上口。考生如果能在平时有意识地收集这些头韵组合，在考试中用上一两个，会大大为文章添彩。类似的短语还有我们在“经典应用文背诵”部分中提到的safe and sound。“He has more brawn than brain”，他四肢发达头脑简单。achieve: v. 达到，完成glory: n. 荣耀，光荣accomplishment: n. 成就identical: adj. 同一的，同样的advancement: n. 前进，进步turn out to be: 变成conglomerate: n. 大集团launch: v. 发行，投放市场non-stop: adj. 不停的万能句型：The picture presentsIt is true thatis a typical example of our case it is not surprising that EquallyIn short（2）2007年真题。 Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should: 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) support your view with an example/examples.You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.真题分析： 在这道最新的考研题目中，出题漫画较往年显得更加生动有趣，寓意也十分明显。在一位球员即将进球的瞬间，球员和守门员都显得犹豫不决。球员认为守门员长得极其高大从而挡住了球门，使他的攻击几乎变成了“mission impossible”（不可能完成的任务）。同时，守门员却觉得自己太渺小而球门太大，守门的任务十分艰巨，同样也是“mission impossible”。对于有中文文化背景的学生来说，很容易就可以联想到孙子兵法中说的“知己知彼，百战不殆”，也就是说，只有充分了解自己和对手的所有优缺点，我们才能够有足够的信心取得最终的胜利。从这一点上我们可以继续引申，说明无论是个人、组织甚至对于国家来说，无论遇到什么情况，都要正确的评估自己以及具体事例的特点，从而充满信心地去取得应该取得的成就。思路拓展：关于人生价值类的题目在短短几年时间内竟然考了两次，这必须引起我们的高度重视。出题者的思路也是可以理解的，正在参加考研的大学生们都风华正茂，处于人生扬帆的关键时刻。这个时候大学生们需要树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观，从而有助于他们在将来的人生道路上取得成功。人生价值的内容包罗万象，有对成功的理解、对生活的态度、对知识和学习的定位等等，以及如何面对困境和挫折、如何正确认识金钱和人生的关系等等。这一类话题并不总是热点话题，但又和许多领域紧密相连，特别是和教育领域的相关话题有关。同时，我们在许多社会现象中也可以发现人们不同的人生价值，媒体上也经常组织相关的大讨论，考生应予以密切关注。范文： This picture shows a critical moment that can occur in any soccer gamea players is about to kick the ball while the keeper is fully ready for the attack. Interestingly, the player and the keeper are experiencing quite opposite psychological processes: the player thinks the task is extremely difficult as the goal is quite small compared with the huge keeper, while the latter fears that the goal is too enormous for him to protect. It is conspicuously indicated that in order to gain confidence and achieve success, we not only need to attain a thorough understanding of ourown merits and disadvantages of ourselves, but also those aspects of our opponents. Both the player and the keeper merely focus on their own faults and their counterparts advantages, leading to their hesitation at the key time. In a recent interview of hurdler Liu Xiang, he revealed that his success is partly owed to his training teams study of his strong competitors around the world, so that he can learn from the others and is more confident when facing any new race. Just as the ancient Chinese philosophical book The Art of War concludes, if you know yourself and your enemy, youll never lose a battle.译文： 该图展示的是一场足球比赛中的关键时刻一个球员正准备要进球，而守门员正全力准备回击这次进攻。有趣的是，球员和守门员正在经历相反的心理历程：球员认为这项任务非常艰巨，因为球门如此之小而守门员长得高达威猛；守门员却害怕球门太大而他自己太渺小，很难保护球门。 这幅图告诉我们，为了取得信心、达到胜利，我们不仅要对自己的优缺点有充分的了解，而且还要对对手的优缺点有充分了解。但是，图中的球员和守门员只想到了自己的缺点和对手的优点，因此在关键时刻踌躇不前。 在对著名中国运动员刘翔的一个最近的采访中，他透露了自己的成功部分归功于他的训练队详细研究了他在世界各国的对手们的特点，因此他可以学习他人的优点，于是面对比赛的时候更有信心。就像中国古代著名的兵书孙子兵法总结的那样，知己知彼，百战不殆。闪光词汇及词组：be about to: 将要, 正打算psychological: adj. 心理上的enormous: adj. 巨大的，庞大的attain: v. 获得，达到merely: adv. 仅仅counterpart: n. 相对物或人hesitation: n. 犹豫，踌躇glorious: adj. 光荣的race: n. 赛跑The Art of War: 孙子兵法万能句型：This picture shows a moment that can occur inIt is conspicuously indicatedJust as the ancient Chinese philosophical book The Art of War concludes, if you know yourself and your enemy, youll never lose a battle.(3) Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should: 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) support your view with an example/examples.You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.范文： Success is always described by the old as something relevant to patience. In the picture, a man sits with a dozen of clocks around him. Beside is the subtitle saying that “success means persisting five minutes more than others”. We can infer from it that the man sets these many clocks just to remind himself that he should never give up. It is very true that success derives from persistence, for which there are several reasons. Firstly, no accomplishment can be achieved in a short time, and success asks for continuous industrious work and efforts. Secondly, when one is able to insist in stepping towards achievement, he must believe what he dedicates to. This belief is the source of persistence that paves the way to success. Thirdly, just as the saying goes, “Rome was not built in one day”, success is founded on the basis of patient pursuit that can never be impeded by temporary failures. To conclude, I would like to borrow another ancient saying that “He laughs best who laughs last”. Laughing symbolizes the confidence for success, and confidence always yields patience and insistence. Hence, I firmly believe that if everybody applies what the picture conveys into actual practice, they will surely reap lot more.译文： 老人们总说成功和耐心是联系在一起的。正如这幅图所显示的那样，一个男人坐在椅子上，身边围绕着许多的钟。旁边的标题上写着“成功就是比别人多坚持五分钟”。我们可以从这幅图中推断出，这个人摆了这么多闹钟就是为了提醒自己不要轻易地放弃。 确实，成功来源于坚持，关于这一点有以下几点原因。第一，没有任何成就是可以在短时间内达到的，而是需要持续的勤奋工作和努力。第二，当一个人能够坚持走到成功的一步的时候，他一定是坚信自己为之奋斗的东西的。信念是坚持不懈的动力源泉，能够为人们的成功铺平道路。第三，正如古语所云：“冰冻三尺，非一日之寒”，成功是建立在耐心追求的基础上，在追求的过程中不会被暂时的失败打倒。 我将用另一句古语来总结这篇文章，即“笑到最后的人笑得最好”。笑意味着对成功充满信心，信心总是能够使人们耐心地坚持。因此，我坚信如果每一人都能够把图中传达的精神落实到实际中，他们一定能够收获更多。闪光词汇及词组：persist: v. 坚持, 持续infer: v. 推断derive: v. 得自，来源于industrious: v. 勤勉的，刻苦的source: v. 源泉，来源convey: v. 传达，转达reap: v. 收割，收获万能句型：We can infer from it thatIt is very true that for which there are several reasons.Rome was not built in one day.To conclude, I would like to borrow another ancient saying thatHence, I firmly believe that(4) Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should: 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) support your view with an example/examples.You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.“奥运精神”（提示：跨栏的英文为hurdle n./v.）范文： In the photo is someone most of us are familiar with, Liu Xiang, the young Chinese Olympic gold medal winner in hurdling. The photo captures a key moment when he was striving to cross one hurdle, concentrating all his attention and strength. His success strongly retorts the rumor that Chinese are genetically weak in the track and fields. Not only has Liu Xiang won national pride for the Chinese people, his deeds also instill us with a belief that, whenever equipped with sufficient willingness and efforts, we can always fulfill the Olympic motto of being faster, higher and stronger. That is to say, such a spirit can be adopted in everybodys life and work, spurring people to overcome any difficulty and conquer any challenge. Moreover, if the Olympic motto is thoroughly promoted along with Chinas opportunity to hold the 2008 Olympic Games, it can be a tremendous momentum pushing the countrys development. A good example that echoes this spirit is Zhang Haidi, the famous Chinese disabled writer. In spite of her physical disadvantages, she has managed to study eight languages by herself, and has yielded numerous works and translations. She, as well as Liu Xiang, proves that the power of individual willingness can be transformed into splendid accomplishment.译文： 这张照片的主人公是一个我们都十分熟悉的人物，著名的中国跨栏运动员、奥运会金牌得主刘翔。照片抓住了刘翔集中所有力量正在跨栏的精彩时刻。他的成功雄辩地反驳了认为中国人在体质上不善于田径运动的说法。 刘翔不仅为中国人们赢得了自豪感，他的事迹也给了我们这样一个信念，即只要有足够的努力和信念，我们就可以达到奥林匹克箴言提出的“更高、更快、更强”的目标。也就是说，这个箴言也适用人们的工作和生活，鼓励我们克服任何困难、战胜任何挑战。此外，如果奥林匹克箴言借中国举办2008奥运会的机会可以得到充分的推动的话，那么它就会转化为推动国家发展的巨大动力。 反映这种精神的一个很好例子就是张海迪精神，她是中国著名的残疾人作家。尽管她的身体上有缺陷，但她却自学了八种语言、创作了许多作品和翻译作品。她和刘翔一样，都证明了个人意志可以转变成为伟大的成就。闪光词汇及词组：retort: v. 反驳rumor: n. 谣言genetic: adj. 基因上的，基因的deed: n. 事迹instill sb. with sth. : 向某人灌输motto: n. 箴言that is to say: 那就是说spur: v. 刺激，鞭策along with: 连同一起momentum: n. 动力yield: v. 出产transform: v. 转变，改造万能句型：The photo captures a key moment whenA good example that echoes（5）Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should: 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) explain its intended meaning and give your comments, and 3) support your point of view with an example/examples.范文： As the old Chinese saying goes, only through reading thousands of books can one write fluently. It echoes with this picture in which a book is smiling with a symbolic candlelight on its top, indicating the enlightenment from books. The title of the picture further points out that reading books can enlighten and develop our thoughts with the help of others thinking. The picture is meant to encourage people to read more books. As far as I am concerned, I think books are a treasury of all knowledge accumulated over thousands of years. Via reading books, we can not only learn what mankind has achieved, but can also be greatly inspired to develop and innovate on the basis of existing knowledge. This universal truth can be particularly proven in the academic field, where reading all previous literature of a specific discipline is of elementary significance to laying the foundation for new discoveries. A brief review of history about famous people with great accomplishments also demonstrates the fundamental importance of book-reading. Karl Marx, for example, had read so many books in the British Library before his writing of new theories that his footprints were left on the ground of the seat where he usually sat. The same principle applies to common people as well, and I am sure everybody can benefit from good books.译文： 中国古语有云：读书破万卷，下笔如有神。这正符合该图中的意境，上面一本带着笑脸的书点燃了其顶部有象征意义的烛光，指明了书本启蒙功能。该图的题目进一步指出了读书就是借助他人的思想开发自己的思想。 这幅图意在鼓励人们读更多的书。我认为，书本就是人类通过几千年世界积累的知识宝库。通过读书，我们不仅可以学到人们已经达到的成就，还可以在已有知识的基础上受到启发，从而进一步地发展和创新。这个普遍的真理尤其适用于学术界，任何一个学科的新发现都需要通过阅读已有文献来奠定基础。 简单地回顾一下历史上有着杰出成就的名人更可以证明读书的重要性。比如卡尔.马克思在提出他的马克思主义理论之前，在大英图书馆中读了非常多的书、以至于他经常坐的那个位置下面都留下了他的脚印。同样的道理也适用于普通人，我相信每一个人都能够从好书中获益。闪光词汇及词组：symbolic: adj. 象征的enlightenment: n. 启蒙，启迪treasury: n. 宝库accumulate: v. 积累via: prep. 通过inspire: v. 鼓舞，激发on the basis of: 在的基础上elementary: adj. 初步的，基本的lay the foundation for: 为奠定基础footprint: n. 脚印万能句型：As the old Chinese saying goes, only through reading thousands of books can one write fluently.The title of the picture further points out thatThe picture is meant toA brief review of demonstrates The same principle applies to（6）Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should: 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) state your point of view.范文： From the picture we can perceive that a man is going to order food in a restaurant. What astonishes both the waiter in the drawing and the readers is that the man use XO to wash his cup. It is known to all that XO is among the most expensive alcohols, but is as water to the mans eyes who we can deduce is very rich. The artist implies a spreading vogue that advocates extravagance. Ultimately, the trend boils down to the accumulation of wealth in too short a period. Turning rich rapidly, the upstarts fail to master appropriate methods to manage their money but tend to show off fortune through dazzling material consumption. Accordingly, some businesses begin to accommodate such a luxurious demand by advertising products, such as a Spring Festival dinner, at ridiculous prices. To worsen the problem, this behavior is evoking more admiration instead of disgust. In my point of view, we are in a prime time to curb the problem from deteriorating. First and foremost, the whole society should arrive at the consensus that wealth is not the hallmark of social status, but individual virtues and ethics. In addition, an awareness of leading a frugal and healthy life should be infused into everybodys mind. 译文： 从这幅图中我们可以看到一个男人正在一家餐馆点菜。令图中的服务员和读者们大跌眼镜的是这个男人竟然用XO酒来洗杯子。众所周知XO酒是一种非常贵的酒，但是在这个男人的眼里好像就是小菜一碟，由此我们可以判断他非常有钱。 这幅图通过艺术的手法展现了社会上越来越盛行的铺张浪费风气。这种趋势从根本上来说是由过短时间内的财富集聚导致的。一些暴发户们过快地变富，因此他们无法通过合适的手段来管理他们的财富，而只是通过令人瞠目结舌的方式炫耀金钱。相应的，商界也开始通过推出有着荒唐价格的产品来适应这种奢侈的需求，如价格高昂的年夜饭。更糟的是，这种行为引来的不是人们的唾弃、而是羡慕。 我认为，现在已经到了控制这个问题进一步恶化的成熟时机。首先，整个社会应该达成以下共识，即财富不应该是社会地位的标志，真正的标志应该是品质和道德。此外，我们还应该向每一个人灌输简朴和健康的生活理念。闪光词汇及词组：order food: 点菜astonish: v. 使惊讶imply: v. 暗示，意味着boil down to: 归根到底upstart: n. 暴发户dazzling: adj. 耀眼的，眼花缭乱的evoke: v. 唤起，引起，博得disgust: n. 厌恶，憎恶hallmark of social status: 社会地位的标志frugal: adj. 简朴的infuse: v. 灌输万能句型：To worsen the problemIn my point of view, we are in a prime time to curb the problem from deteriorating.（7）Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should: 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) state your point of view.范文： In the picture, a man is holding a huge bag which contains those he possesses. Meanwhile, a woman, probably his wife, is scolding him for abandoning another small bag, which symbolizes those he is not able to attain. The woman is quite representative of most of people, who tend to care too much about what they have lost, while ignoring what they have gained. For instance, most individuals realize the importance of health only when they get diseases, while in ordinary days they seldom cherish health. Another example would be those corrupted officials who fear losing any opportunity to make a fortune yet forgetting their own advantages. Napoleons failure is a more serious lesson in this case, because he refused to remain content of ruling such a strong country like France but craved for the whole world. As a Chinese saying goes, people can be happy if they constantly feel content. Life would be miserable and stressful if we always focus on the stuff that we lose or that is beyond our reach. If we carefully examine what we already havehealth, job, love, parentswe will surely come to realize how fortunate we actually are.译文： 图中描绘了一个男人心满意足地抱着一个巨大的袋子，里面装着他已经得到的东西。同时，一个看起来可能是他妻子的女人正在责骂他丢弃了一个小包，这个包象征着他不能得到的东西。 女人代表着大多数人，他们总是关心自己失去的东西，而忽略了他们已经得到的。例如，大多数人只有在生病的时候才意识到健康的重要性，而在平时他们很少珍惜健康。另一个例子是那些生怕失去任何一个发财机会的贪官，但他们却忘了他们已有的很多优势。此外，拿破仑的失败是这方面一个更加严重的教训，因为他不满于统治一个强大的法国，而是觊觎统治整个世界。 中国古语有云，知足者常乐。如果我们太在乎所失去的或者得不到的东西，那么生活就会变得很悲惨而且压力也非常大。相反，如果我们仔细审视自己已经拥有的东西健康、工作、爱、父母我们一定能够意识到我们有多么幸运。闪光词汇及词组：scold: v. 责骂，斥责cherish: v. 珍惜make a fortune: 发财crave: v. 恳求，渴望stressful: adj. 产生压力的fortunate: adj. 幸运的万能句型：The woman is quite representative of most of people, who tend toAnother example would beis a more serious lesson in this caseAs a Chinese saying goes, people can be happy if they constantly feel content.（8）Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should: 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) give an example/examples.范文： From the above drawing, we find a man lying satisfactorily on a pile of money which symbolizes his parents legacy. Obviously, he can easily afford luxurious cars and grand mansions. Moreover, he is exempt from any work since he thinks his money can never