安全专业英语.doc

Safety profession 安全专业/行业Occupational Safety and Health Act 职业安全与健康法令Hazard control 危险控制Safety professional 安全专业人员Safety science 安全科学Ergonomics 人机工程学Hazard recognition 危险识别Fire protection 防火Fire detection and suppression system火灾检测与灭火系统Hazardous materials management 危险物质管理Accident investigation 事故调查Emergency response 应急响应Managing safety program 安全管理方案As society becomes more complex, there is a constant need for new and advanced goods and services. This, in turn, creates jobs and professions that were unheard of just one generation ago. Because of the very rapid changes in these jobs and professions, it is hard for students to learn about future job opportunities. It is even more difficult to know about the type of preparation that is needed for a particular professionor the qualities and traits that might help individuals succeed in it.随着社会变的越来越错综复杂，人们不断的需要新颖高端的商品和服务。这样反过来创造了上一代人之前从没听说过的工作和职业。由于这些工作和职业的飞速变更，使得学生很难了解将来的工作机会，更难知道为某一特殊职业需要做哪些准备，或者说需要具备什么样的品质才能使人成功。“Safety science” is a twenty-first century term for everything that goes into the prevention of accidents, illnesses, fires, explosions and other events which harm people, property and the environment.作为21世纪术语，“安全科学”泛指对事故、疾病、火灾、爆炸以及一切危及人们生命、财产和环境的事情的预防。Hazard control activities go on every day throughout the world. From the careful design and operation of nuclear power generating stations to the elimination of lead- based paints in homes, the efforts to reduce threats to public safety go on nonstop. The application of safety science principles occurs in many places: in the workplace, in all modes of transportation, in laboratories, schools, and hospitals, at construction sites, on oil drilling rigs at sea, in underground mines, in the busiest cities, in the space program, on farms, and anywhere else where people may be exposed to hazard.世界各地每天都有危险控制活动。从核电站的精心设计与运行到家居无铅油漆，人们致力于降低对公众威胁的努力从没停止过。安全科学原理在人们可能暴露危险的工作场所、交通场所、实验室、学校、医院、建筑工地、海上石油钻井、地下开采、繁华都市、太空探索、农场等地得到了广泛的应用。Regardless of the industry, safety professionals help to achieve safety in the workplace by identifying and analyzing hazards which potentially create injury and illness problems, developing and applying hazard controls, communicating safety and health information, measuring the effectiveness of controls, and performing follow-up evaluations to measure continuing improvement in programs.在各行各业，安全专业人员通过识别和分析可能导致伤害和疾病问题的潜在危险、提出和实施危险控制方案、交流安全和健康信息、测试危险控制的有效性、评估持续改进项目等一系列工作以保障工作场所的安全建筑业强制执行标准安全运行事故的潜在风险机械伤害风险管理应激条件法律判断严格责任赔偿Construction industryMandated operating criteriaSafe operationAccident risk potentialMechanical hazardRisk managementStress-induced conditionsLegal judgmentStrict liabilitySafety and health professionals who work in industrial settings concentrate primarily on ensuring compliance with, at the very least,the minimum safety and health standards promulgated under theOccupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, as enforced by theOccupational Safety and Health Administration. These rules formthe basis of most all occupational safety and health programscurrently in place throughout both the public and private sectors.在工业生产中，安全与健康专业人员的工作主要集中在确保生产至少符合1970职业安全与健康法案颁布的最低安全与健康标准，这是由职业安全与健康管理局强制执行的。目前大部分公有和私有企业的职业安全与健康方案都由上述标准中的规则组成。Although numerous areas are addressed and a minimum level ofworker protection is ensured by implementation of these manystandards, it is important to note that the major driving factor forworker safety is contained not in the Code of Federal Regulationbut in Section 5 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act itself.尽管涉及到很多领域，并且通过这些标准的强制执行来确保保护工人的最低安全水平，但值得注意的是：关于工人安全的主要推动因素并不包含在联邦法规条列中，而是在职业安全与健康法案的第五部分。Less clear, but equally important to worker safety, is that themethods and techniques associated with the system safety effortare an excellent means of assuring that the intent of the GeneralDuty Clause is met at the earliest possible time in the project orprogram development process.对于工人安全同等重要但表述不清楚的是：与系统安全相关的方法和技术是项目早期阶段或方案研发过程中确保符合一般责任条款目的的极佳方式。In many cases, then, not only can system safety be the means bywhich the much desired compliance with OSHA requirements canbe achieved, but actual improvements to an industrial safetyprocess can also be established.然而在很多情况下，通过系统安全不仅可以达到职业安全与健康法案的要求，而且能够使工业安全过程得到真正的改进。Therefore, accurate evaluation of applicable occupational andenvironmental standards and regulations, as well as an analysis ofspecific worker tasks, are absolutely essential in determiningappropriate levels of protection.因此，对适用的职业与环境标准和法规进行准确的评价，以及对具体工作任务进行分析，对于确定适当的保护水平来说非常重要。System safety processRisk managementRisk evaluationHazard identificationHazard controlSystem riskHazard analysisEngineering control系统安全过程风险管理风险评估危险识别危险控制系统风险危险分析工程控制Management controlMiddle-managementRisk acceptanceCost-benefit analysisLiability claimSafety programManagement organization管理控制中层管理风险接受成本效益分析责任求偿安全方案管理组织Safety is only as important as management wants to make it. At this point in the safety process this becomes obvious. After the system has been studied and hazards identified, then analyzed and evaluated with controls in place, management must make the formal decisions of which risks they are willing to take and which ones they will not take. At this point a good cost-benefit analysis will help management make that decision. Sometimes this is not easy.管理者想要安全有多重要安全就有多重要。在安全过程中从这一点来讲尤其明显。通过对系统进行研究并进行危险识别，然后对现场控制进行分析评价后，管理者必须做出正式的决定，以确定哪些风险他们可以接受，哪些风险他们不能接受。从这一点来讲，一个好的成本效益分析将有助于管理者作出决定。但有时候这并不容易。Line managerSafety policySafety practiceTop managementOrganization cultureSafety cultureOrganizational failureSafety performance部门经理安全政策安全措施高层管理组织文化安全文化组织失效安全绩效Concurrent engineering approach 同步工程方法Safety function安全功能Safety committee安全委员会Team organization团队组织Occupational injuryInsurance claimWorkplace injuryPrimary industryConstruction industryConstruction injuryManagerial deficiencyFork lift职业伤害保险索赔工作场所伤害第一产业建筑业建筑伤害管理缺陷铲车Warning deviceSeat beltRegulating bodyAgricultural machineryField testingField trialSharp injuryPost-hocInjury prevention报警装置安全带管理机构农业机械现场测试现场试验刺伤事后分析伤害预防Change analysisOff-guardJob Hazard AnalysisHidden hazardManagement decisionRetail companyBreaking-in periodRisk matrix变更管理不提防工作危险分析隐藏的危险管理决策零售公司磨合期风险矩阵Cause-and-effect diagramLogical sequenceSign-offMaterial Safety Data SheetOn-job trainingHuman resourceTemporary employees因果关系图逻辑顺序签字保证物质危险性数据表在职培训人力资源临时职工Electrical safetyAlternating currentInsulation protectionHostile environmentCircuit breakerShort circuitLive partPersonal protection用电安全交流电绝缘保护恶劣环境断路器短路带电部分个体保护Potential differenceElectric shockRegular maintenanceResidual current deviceElectrical installationElectrical Certificate of ComplianceSupply of electricityCorrective actionPrior to occupationElectrical plantProtectively earthed势差电击常规维护剩余电流装置电气安装/设备电器合格证书电力供应校正工作投入使用前电气设备接地保护Flexible supply cordSafety precautionWear and tearVisual inspectionInsulation resistance meterTrip time花线安全防范磨损目视检查兆欧表断开时间Confined space safetyAtmospheric contaminantForced ventilationRescue equipmentInert gasFlammable gasGas detection instrumentAir-purifying respiratorAir-supplied respirator受限空间安全大气污染物强制通风救援设备惰性气体可燃气体气体检测装置空气净化面具供气式呼吸器Airline respiratorSelf-rescue bottleHot workCold workRetrieval systemMechanical advantageRetrieval lineBattery-operated communication system航空呼吸器自救瓶高温作业低温作业检索系统机械增益检索绳电池驱动通信系统Tag out and lock outIsolation procedureSpectacle plateAs built diagramHydraulic oilAuthorized personProtection deviceIsolating switch挂牌上锁隔离程序双孔板安装图液压用油被授权人员保护装置隔离开关Built-in lockSafety lockout jawRemedial work暗锁安全爪补救工作Test by “trying” to re-activate the plant, without exposingthe tester or others to risk and ensure isolation procedureshave been effective, before commencing any maintenance,cleaning, inspection or repairs on the plant.在对电器设备进行维修、清洗、检查或修理之前，通过“试图”恢复设备动作的方法进行测试，使测试者或其他人免于暴露于风险之中，并确保隔离程序有效。Directivity factorSound pressure levelAnechoic chamberOutgoing reflectionIn