魏晋南北朝志怪小说的怪诞美.doc

魏晋南北朝志怪小说的怪诞美中文怪诞是一种特殊的艺术风格，它的构成因素同时包含了恐怖恶心与滑稽可笑，它的构成原则是反常，带给人的审美感受是又恐惧又好笑的混融感觉。在魏晋南北朝的志怪小说里，许多故事都具有怪诞美。具体的，可以划分为形象怪诞与情节的怪诞两种类型。本文通过对其的分类阐述，追溯到上古神话及汉代谶纬，以期发现其嬗变过程，探索出此期怪诞的新特点以及产生的社会、思想、文学等方面的原因。在文章最后，论述了此期怪诞表现形态的深层蕴含及特殊的审美特质和对后世文学的深远影响。论文由以下三个部分组成：引言部分是对志怪小说的研究趋势与特点进行简介，并论述了该选题的意义。第一部分分析魏晋南北朝志怪小说中的怪诞。主要将其中的怪诞划分为两种类型：形象怪诞与论文情节怪诞。尔后在两种类型下又展开了具体的分析，将怪诞的形象划分为人物怪诞、物体怪诞及人体怪诞；怪诞的情节则有肢体分离、物具人性、产非其类、变形、鬼怪怪诞、形神分离、异物凶兆七种类型。这几种类型从总体上概括了怪诞在魏晋南北朝志怪小说中的表现形态。第二部分追溯这些怪诞的源头及发展流变的过程。怪诞的起源甚早，在远古时期的造型艺术中即可发现怪诞的形态。而山海经所包含的丰富的形象怪诞是魏晋南北朝志怪中怪诞的最初形态。春秋战国至两汉时期，怪诞又增加了多种类型，主要是谶纬怪诞及零星的鬼怪故事。这一部分的第三节分析了魏晋南北朝志怪中的怪诞相比前代的新创：怪诞故事数量的大大增加，情节的多样化，故事文学性的增强及世情化的倾向。这些新特点的产生与当时的社会、信仰和文化是分不开的，如社会的动荡，人性的觉醒，佛道的盛行，文学的发展。第三部分阐述的是此期怪诞的审美价值及其蕴含和功用，最后谈论了对于后世小说特别是神魔小说的深远影响。怪诞从深层说是当时社会在人们心理上的扭曲反射，表现的是一种焦虑不安的心理。同时，它也表现了当时人们对于世界的一种认识。怪诞的审美价值表现在它的奇谲诡异、震撼、快感及造成的混融感受上。而功用，则是驱逐邪恶、制造紧张性和讽刺。对后世的影响主要从三个方面阐述：形象塑造、情节创作及审美感受。译文The Grotesque is a kind of special artistic style, it contains the feeling of terrifying and comic, its constitution principle is abnormality. It makes people terrify and facetiosity. In the Ghost Story of the Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties, many stories are grotesque. Displays in the text, it can divide into two kind of types: image grotesque and plot grotesque. Through the description and trace of the primitive myth and the CHEN WEI in the Han Dynasty, it could find the evolution. In these contrasts, we can find the new characteristics and the reason on society, ideology and literature. On this basis ,it could find the implication , aesthetic value and effect of grotesque. The dissertation has three parts: The introduction part is to introduce the research tendency and the characteristic of the ghost story, and review the meaning of the selection.The first part analysis the grotesque in the Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties. It mainly divide into two kind of types: image grotesque and plot grotesque. And the image grotesque cantains human and object mixing, object mixing and human mixing. The plot grotesque contains segmentation, humanity of the object, crossbreed, deformation, ghost, apart of spirit and body ,knell. These types are the form of the grotesque.The second part traces the process which the grotesque sources and the development changes. The grotesque origin really early,we can discover the grotesque form in the ancient times.Displays in the text, Shan Hai Jing records many ancient myths which contained the image grotesque.And this was the prime form of grotesque in the Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties.From the spring and autumn period to the Han Dynasty,the grotesque added many types.So we analyze some new characteristic:increase of the number of grotesque, diversification of the plot,literary translation and the trend of society.The new characteristic is on the society ,belief and culture.For example,society turbulence,awakening of humanity,prevalence of Buddhism and Daoism,the development of literature. The third part is the aesthetic value,implication,functions and effect of grotesque.The implication is reflection of the people mentality in the confusion society. It exhibit anxiety and a kind of cognition to the world.The aesthetic value co