【中考点对点】2014年中考英语二轮专项复习：冠词 介词 副词(pdf版).pdf

九年级二轮专项复习材料 语法项目 冠词 介 副词 一一 考点梳理考点梳理 冠词是置于名词之前 说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词 冠词分为定冠词 不定 冠词和零冠词三种 中考热点主要是冠词的习惯用法 在具体语境中考查冠词的基本用法 定冠词 不定冠词和零冠词 结合语音考查 a 和 an 的区别 命题多为复合选项 分别考查 不同情景下冠词的用法 增加了深度和广度 介词介词命题趋势 1 表示时间的介词 2 表示方位和运动方向的介词 3 常用介词用法辨析 4 介词与其它词类的搭配 1 形容词与介词的搭配 2 动词与介词的搭配 3 名词与介词的搭配 冠词冠词 分类 定冠词 不定冠词 零冠词 一一 不定冠词不定冠词 不定冠词常表示 一 的概念 有两种形式 a 用在以辅音因素开头的名词前 an 用在以元音因素开头的名词前 一 不定冠词的用法 1 用于单数名词前通常表示一类人或事物 以其中的一个代表一类 相当于 any 名词 如 A dog is our good friend 狗是我们的好朋友 2 用于叙述时第一次提到的某人或某物 起介绍作用 She works in a bank 3 用于表示时间 速度 价格等意义的名词之前 有 每一 的意思 相当于 every 如 I write to my parents once a week 4 表示数量 有 一 的意思 但数的概念没有 one 强烈 可以代替 one 如 we ll have an English class tomorrow 5 用于叙述词前 表示 再一 又一 的意思 The man tried a second time 6 表示某一人或事物的任何一个 That is an orange 7 用于物质名词之前 使物质名词普通化 Can you make a fire 8 用于抽象名词之前 使抽象名词具体化 表示一次 一种 一场等 It is a pleasure to talk with you 9 用于集体名词前 I was put in a large class this term a musical family 10 用于可视为一体的两个名词前 a knife and fork 11 用于专有名词前 表示说话人不知道的人或事 A Wang is looking for you 12 在月份 星期及 evening night morning afternoon 前有定语修饰时 一律用 a a cold March a windy morning 13 与表示职业 身份等的名词连用 常常不译 He wants to become an engineer 他相当工程师 14 表示 the same 的意思 The two shirts are much of a size 15 用于 what 引导的感叹句中 既可以用于单数可数名词 也可用于集体名词前 What a day What a clever boy he is1 16 用于某些固定词组中 a little 二 当名词被其他词修饰时 不定冠词 a 或 an 的位置应注意 1 当名词被 such half what many 修饰时 不定冠词放在这些词之后 Many a man has gone to big cities for work 2 当名词前的形容词前有 so how too 等同时 不定冠词应放在形容词之后 She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station 3 当名词前面有形容词和 quite rather 或 very 时 不定冠词置于 quite 或 rather 之后 very 之 前 quite a good job a very interesting story 二二 定冠词定冠词 一 定冠词的用法 1 用于名词前表示特指的人或事物 The man is a doctor 2 用在第二次提到的人或事物的名词前 I have a bike and I like the bike very much 3 用在说话人 说话人双方都知道所指的人和事物的名词前 The girl in red is my daughter 4 用于独一无二的事物的名词前表唯一及特指 The earth is bigger round the the earth and the earth moves round the sun 5 用在序数词 形容词最高级前面 以及对两个人或事物进行比较时起特指作用的比较级前 He was the first one to leave 6 用于形容词 only very same 前面 He is the only boy in his family 7 用于表示具体的地点 方位 具体的时间或某天的一部分等 on the left in the begining 8 用在江 河 湖 海群岛 山脉的名称前以及普通名词和形容词构成的专有名词前 比如 公共建筑 机关团体组织等名词前 the Changjiang River 9 用于姓氏的复数形式前 表示一家人或夫妇二人 the Greens 10 用在年代 朝代 时代名词前 in the 60 s the Qin Dynasty 11 用在某些形容词前 表示一类人 The rich should help the poor 12 用在某些报纸 杂志 会议 条约等名词前 the Times 13 用于西洋乐器名称前 the piano 14 用在单数可数名词前 表示一类人或事物 The horse is a usuful animal 15 the 形容词比较级 the 形容词比较级 表示 越 越 The earlier you go the sooner you will be back 16 定冠词与表示计算单位的名词连用 含有 每 每一 的意思 The cloth is sold by the yard 17 物质名词和抽象名词表示具体内容时前面加定冠词 the I like the work very much 18 用于短语或定语从句所修饰的名词前 表示特指意义 Do you know the boy with a book in his hand 19 用于一些固定搭配中 1 用在某些表示时间的词组或习惯用语中 如 in themorning 2 在句型 动词 人 介词 the 人体部位 中要用 the 而不用物主代词 如 take sb by the hand 3 用在某些固定词组中 in the open air 二 定冠词的位置 1 当定冠词与 all hall both double 等词连用修饰名词时 定冠词应放在这些词之后 Look all the books are here 2 当定冠词与表示倍数 分数的词连用时 需要放在这些词之后 如 The bed is there times the size of that one 三 不用冠词的场合 1 除一些特殊情况外 专有名词以及抽象名词前和物质名词前不加冠词 如 Have you ever been to shanghai 2 不金额数名词和复数名词表示泛指时 Man can t live without water 3 在季节 月份 节日 假日 日期 星期等表示时间的名词之前 不加冠词 Spring comes after winter 4 在三餐饭 学科 球类运动和娱乐运动的名词前 不加冠词 Have you had breakfast 5 称呼语或表示头衔 职务的名词前 用零冠词 He is hesdmaster of our school 6 用于报纸标题 图像说明 标志 广告前 Teacher s Mind 7 用在 专有名词 普通名词 构成的表示街名 路名 广场名公园名等的名词前 Tian Anmen Square 8 表示同一人或物的两个并列名词的后一名词前不用冠词 He is a teacher and writer 9 在表示交通方式的介词短语中不用冠词 Did you come by train or by ship 10 当名词前已有代词 物主代词以及不定代词等词修饰时或有所有格修饰时不用冠词 That is her bike 11 有些个体名词不用冠词 go to school go to the school 区别 12 用于普通名词 as 引导的让步状语从句中 Child as he is he knows a lot 13 表示 人 类 的 man 和 表示 消息 的 word 前不用冠词 How did man first discover fire 14 系动词 turn 后如有名词通常使用零冠词 但名词前有形容词修饰时则要加冠词 I hoped to become a pianist but I turned teacher 15 用在一些固定搭配中 face to face on time 介词介词 1 介词的功能 介词是一种虚词 用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系 不能单独使用 介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语 介词短语可在句中作定语 状语 表语 和宾语补足语 例如 The boy over there is John s brother 在那儿的那个男孩是约翰的弟弟 定语 The girl will be back in two hours 这位姑娘过两个小时回来 状语 Our English teacher is from Australia 我们的英语老师来自澳大利亚 表语 Help yourself to some fish 请吃些鱼 宾语补足语 2 常用介词的用法辨析 1 表时间的介词 1 at in on 表示时间点用 at 例如 at six o clock at noon at midnight 表示在某个世纪 某年 某月 某个季节 以及早晨 上午 下午 晚上时 用 in 例如 in the nineteenth century in 2002 in may in winter in the morning in the afternoon 等 表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午 下午 晚上时 用 on 例如 on Monday on July 1st on Sunday morning 等 2 since after 由 since 和 after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段 但 since 词组表示的时段一 直延续到 说话的时刻 因而往往要与现在完成时连用 而 after 词组所表示的时段纯系过去 因而要 与一般过去时连用 例如 I haven t heard from him since last summer 自从去年夏天 我再也没有收到他的信 After five days the boy came back 五天后 这男孩返回来 3 in after in 与将来时态连用时 表示 过多长时间以后 的意思 后面跟表示一段时间的词语 After 与 将来时态连用时 后面只能跟表示时间点的词语 After 与过去时态连用时 后面才能跟表 示一段时间的词语 例如 He will be back in two months 他在两个月后回来 He will arrive after four o clock 四点钟后 他到达 He returned after a month 一个月后 他回来了 2 表示地点的介词 at in on at 一般指小地方 in 一般指大地方或某个范围之内 on 往往表示 在某个物体的表面 例 如 He arrived in Shanghai yesterday 他昨他天到达上海 They arrived at a small village before dark 他们在天黑前到达一个小村庄 There is a big hole in the wall 墙上有一个大洞 The teacher put up a picture on the wall 老师把一幅画挂在墙上 over above on over on 和 above 都可表示 在 上面 但具体含义不同 Over 表示位置高于某物 在 某物的正上方 其反义词是 under above 也表示位置高于某物 但不一定在正上方 其反 义词是 below On 指两个物体表面接触 一个在另一的上面 例如 There is a bridge over the river 河上有一架桥 We flew above the clouds 我们飞越云层 They put some flowers on the teacher s desk 他们把一些花放在讲桌上 across through across 和 through 均可表示 从这一边到另一边 但用法不同 Across 的含义与 on 有关 表示动作在某一物体的表面进行 Throgh 的含义与 in 有关 表示动作是在三维空间进行 例如 The dog ran across the grass 狗跑过草地 The boy swam across the river 那男孩游过河 They walked through the forest 他们穿过森林 4 in front of in the front of in front of 表示 在某人或某物的前面 在某个范围以外 in the front of 表示 在 的 前部 在某个范围以内 例如 There are some tall trees in front of the building 在大楼前有一些高树 The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom 老师坐在教室前面 3 介词的固定搭配 介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系 记住这种固定搭配关系 才能正确使用介词 1 介词与动词的搭配 listen to laugh at get to look for wait for hear from turn on turn off worry about think of look after spend on 等 2 介词与名词的搭配 on time in time by bus on foot with pleasure on one s way to in trouble at breakfast at the end of in the end 等 3 介词与形容词的搭配 be late for be afraid of be good at be interested in be angry with be full of be sorry for 等 二二 中考链接中考链接 2012 四川达州 1 What cold weather Yes But it s unusual experience for us we normally live in a hot place A a B a an C an D a the 2011 安徽省 2 Welcome to our hotel I hope you ll have a good time your stay here A after B during C with D since 2011 北京 3 Is your father home No he s working late the office A on B at C of D to 2011 湖北黄石 4 Which would you prefer orange juice or coffer Either OK but I prefer coffee milk A are with B is with C are to D is to 2011 湖北十堰 5 The box is too heavy to carry What s in it Oh it is books A filled with B covered with C used for D asked for 2011 湖北十堰 6 After a lot of training Liu Xiang many difficulties And he is at the top of this game now A made of B heard of C came over D got over 2011 湖北随州 7 Don t worry I m sure you ll your classmates if you are kind and friendly to them A catch up with B get on well with C agree with D be strict with 2011 湖北孝感 8 The two kids practice spoken English joining the English club A by B in C on D with 2011 湖北宜昌 9 the doctors the most beautiful teacher Zhang Lili is out of danger We wish her to live a healthy and happy life in the future A In front of B Thanks to C As for D Across from 2012 湖南常德 10 It s nice of you help me with my maths A help B helping C to help 2012 江苏淮安 11 On the way the mountain village we found the local houses different from ours A to B by C at D on 2012 江苏盐城 12 Jack you seem to be Yes It s 8 20 now and my train leaves in ten minutes A in a hurry B in fear C in safety D in silence 2012 江苏镇江 13 The 2012London Olympic Games will soon start the coming July A on B in C at D to 2012 呼和浩特 14 The accident happened 7p m 9 p m A from to B between to C from and D between and 2012 年福建省福州市 15 Bill has made great progress the help of his teachers A for B with C under 2012 广东省梅州市 16 an Englishman John is looking forwards the 2012 Olympic Games A Of in B With for C For at D As to 2012 广西桂林 17 Look at that photo what a happy family Yes it s a photo my family A at B for C of D in 2012 黔西南 18 What about a rest OK Let s go for a walk A to have B had C have D having 19 We can be thankful every day not just Thanksgiving Day A in B on C to D by 2012 河南 20 I left my keys in the room yesterday I had to get in the window It s dangerous to do that A in B through C over D to 三三 综合训练综合训练 50 个题目个题目 选择题 1 Mike is American boy He studies in university in Lanzhou A the a B a a C an a D an an 2 This is song I ve told you about Isn t it beautiful one A the the B the a C a the D a a 3 What do you think of the bridge I have never seen before A a such long one B such a long one B so long one D so a long one 4 Have you see Audi car here I parked it here this morning Is it black one I saw a young man drove it away hour ago A an a a B a an an C an an a D an a an 5 Australia is English speaking country A a B an C the D 6 This is one of interesting books on your subject A most B the most C most of the D the most of the 7 Greens are on visit to a beautiful city in China A a B The a C The D A the 8 you dive into the water you breath A Deep hard B The deep the hard C The deeper the harder D Deeper harder 9 Jim likes to play football and is on school team A the B the the C a a D 10 Changjiang River is longest river in China and one of longest rivers in word A a the the B The the the the C The the the D the the the 11 a terrible rainy night many farmers houses were destroyed A In B For C On D At 12 Bill has made great progress the help of his teachers A for B with C under 13 Tom isn t feeling very well He seems to have a cold the weather changes suddenly A before B so C because D though 14 Don t waste water Water is very important and no one can live it A without B with C except D besides 15 Which would you prefer orang juice or coffer Either OK but I prefer coffee milk A are with B is with C are to D is to 16 I think drinking milk every morning is good our health Yes I agree you A to to B with to C at with D for with 17 On the way the mountain village we found the local houses different from ours A to B by C at D on 18 an Englishman John is looking forwards the 2012 Olympic Games A Of in B With for C For at D As to 19 Sandy I called you at 9 00 last night but nobody answered the phone I m sorrry We a birthday party Jerry A had with 13 were having for 3 are having for D had for 20 Do you prefer classical music pop music Pop music I think A to B or C than D for 21 the afternoon of June 2nd many foreigners arrived Shanghai A In at B On to C In in D On in 22 What does your new English teacher look like She is a pretty lady long hair A at B for C with D of 23 Thanks joining the Talk Show You re welcome A by B on C of D for 24 Sam likes trekking the jungle because he thinks it s exciting A over B under C across D through 25 Do you believe that paper is made wood Yes I do And you can see that books are made paper A from from B from of C of from D of of 26 How do you learn English words making flashcards A To B By C For D With 27 It s very convenient us to buy train tickets now because we can buy them either from the station or on the internet A to B of C by D for 28 What do you think of Zhou Libo I think he does well talk shows Many people like him A in B on C at 29 Yao Ming is famous playing basketball A to B as C for D between 30 We can t pass the exam we study hard A because B and C unless D or 31 Would you please show me the way the bank Yes go straight ahead It s opposite a school A in B for C with D to 32 the doctors the most beautiful teacher Zhang Lili is out of danger We wish her to live a healthy and happy life in the future A In front of B Thanks to C As for D Across from 33 The accident happened 7 p m 9 p m A from to B between to C from and D between and 34 Why are you standing Alice I can t see the blackboard clearly Two tall boys are sitting me A behind B next to C between D in front of 35 Liu Xiang came third the 110 meter hurdle race last month in Shanghai A in B from C across D through 36 Would you like some coffee Yes and please get me some milk I prefer coffee milk A with B to C of D on 37 All of us went to the park Bob He had to look after his sister A besides B with C except 38 The famous writer William Shakespeare was born 1564 A in B on C at D of 39 Sally is very happy There is a big smile her face A on B to C in D at 40 The plane will take off three hours I must get to the airport right now A in B for C on D at 41 It s very kind you Thank you for your help A of B for C to D on 42 When I got in to the room Sue was busy talking the phone A with B on C to D in 43 Hurry if you want to be for the beginning of the movie A at times B in time C all the time D from time to time 44 I think drinking milk is good our health A for B to C with D at 45 Look at the wall There are some pictures it A in B on C to D at 46 Who else do you know at the party Jim and Tom Lucy and Lily A in B next C among D besides 47 our surprise the twin sisters went to Peking University at the same time last year A With B In C To 48 We have been in China three years We like it very much A in B since C for 49 My parents usually take a walk dinner to keep healthy A at B of C during D after 50 What a nice day We should go sightseeing watching TV in the hotel A because of B instead of C together with D out of 四四 语篇选句填空语篇选句填空 Hi Grace How s it going Sorry I haven t emailed for a while but I had so much to do I had told you about my decision to take up a sport I knew I wasn t fit and I wanted to get some exercise But that wasn t the only reason that I decided to do a sport Students who play sports do better at school 81 Exercise also helps learning and memory 记忆 82 First I tried soccer I had played a bit of soccer before and I thought it wouldn t be too bad I knew I couldn t nm for very long without feeling tired On the first day I was able to nm for the first ten minutes but then I was so tired that I couldn t even kick the ball Then I tried volleyball 83 I was able to nm for the first twenty minutes and I wasn t the slowest runner in the team After a few weeks I could run faster and longer I was doing better and feeling better 84 Maybe I m not a team sport person after all Finally I tried kung fu 功夫 It s a great sport that exercises the body and the mind You learn to follow instructions carefully and do what you are asked to do This is the fight sport for me 90 I feel so confident that l even showed some moves to the class last week Can you believe it I hope you re OK Write and let me know what you ve been doing Bye for now Kristie 根据短文内容 选出五个句子填入文中空缺处 使短文内容完整正确 答案 E 用 AB 表示 答案 F 用 CD 表示 A I got very excited about soccer B But I couldn t decide on a sport C Running helps me to keep fit D Things were a bit better this time E Then I found volleyball terribly boring F They are more confident and less stressed G I practice twice a week and I haven t missed a class 五 阅读表达阅读表达 You may love to see tigers at the zoo But what if you had to stay with one on a boat on the open sea for over 200 days Life of Pi the movie from American Chinese director Li An tells an amazing story Pi is a boy He lives happily with his family in a beautiful Indian town His father has a zoo so Pi knows a lot about animals But one day his father decides to move to Canada He will sell all his animals there The family begin to sail on the Pacific with all the zoo animals But a big storm 暴风雨 hits their ship at night Finally Pi finds the only survivors 生存者 are himself and a large tiger called Parker on an 8 meter boat To keep himself alive Pi has to keep feeding the tiger so that he himself does not get eaten He tries to get on well with the tiger during a 227 day sail on the sea The movie is from a Canadian writer Yann Martel s book of the same name The book has sold 7 million copies worldwide It discusses not only hope but also relationship 关系 between humans and nature It took Li An four years to make the movie He also used 3D for his first time He hopes the movie will make the people think Life of Pi opened in Chinese theaters on November 22 2012 根据短文内容回答下列问题 1 Where does Pi s father decide to move 2 What happens when they sail on the Pacific at night 3 Why does Pi have to keep feeding the tiger 4 What does the movie discuss 5 How long did it take Li An to make the movie 六 动词时态填空动词时态填空 根据短文内容 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 必要时可加助动词或情态动词 How many of your classmates drink cola now Nearly everyone 1 drink it Did you know that cola was a kind of medicine about 200 years ago John S Pemberton was a doctor from America He said to his friends I spent many months 2 experiment to find a kind of medicine for headaches I 3 mix up different oil 油 and ingredients together and heated them until I found something helpful So far I 4 succeed already I put the medicine into bottles and begin selling it in drugstores The people have to add water to it before drinking Then how did cola go from being a medicine to a soft drink That came by accident One day a man who had a headache came into a drugstore He asked for a bottle of cola He wanted 5 take it right away so he asked the clerk t