国际商务英语教程第三版课后答案.pdf

Lesson 2 II 1 In recent years as the country s vigorous economic development has facilitated its foreign trade its total export and import value between 193 and 2003 increased by 20 as compared with only 7 5 between 1982 and 1992 2 The greatly improved communications and transportation resulting from technological progress have speeded up the movements of merchandise personnel and information between different countries and lowered operating costs thus bringing about the rapid growth of international business 3 Today fewer restrictions on the cross border movements of merchandise and services imposed by governments of all countries enable these countries residents to have access to goods and services at lower prices and make it possible for domestic enterprises to raise efficiency because of foreign competition 4 In order to support and facilitate international business companies and governments have developed relevant services such as the establishment of bank credit agreements the conclusion of clearing arrangements and the enactment of the international postal agreement thus ensuring the successful handling and growth of international business 5 Under the pressure of increased foreign competition in order to maintain competitiveness and seek survival and development companies have to extend their operations to international markets respond to foreign sales opportunities and vigorously increase their international business Lesson 3 I 1 Large increase in industrial and agricultural production in many countries and regions 2 Lead to industrial countries rapidly rising demand for food and raw materials 3 The import volume of industrial products that has increased 15 times 4 A drastically sharply increased demand for agricultural exports from developing countries 5 A decrease in the demand for natural raw materials such as cotton and natural rubber 6 The development of the production of synthetic substitutes and an increase in their output 7 Contribute to the industrial development and economic growth of developing countries 8 The important beneficial effects that international trade has on the economic development of all countries 9 be conducive to the development of less developed countries manufacturing and production of manufactured goods 10 stimulate and facilitate the international flow of capital between developed and developing nations 11 The vehicle for the transmission of new technology and new managerial skill 12 The less developed countries that have reaped major benefits from international trade 13 The relationship between international trade and long run economic development 14 Absorb advanced technology from developed nations at a faster rate II 1 The emergence and development of international trade has promoted the normal operation and constant expansion of all countries process of reproduction raise their levels of productive forces contributed to the internationalization of production and capital and brought about the economic development in other fields 2 Focusing on the effects of exports on employment and income Keynes and his followers hold that a trade surplus can expand means of payment lower interest rates and spur a price increase and investment thus contributing to the alleviation of a country s domestic crisis and an increase in employment 3 Some other economists believe that the emergence and development of international trade can expand commodity markets promote technological progress and an improvement in the process of production spur an increase in output and contribute to a change in the structure of investment thus leading to the development of the entire national economy 4 The development of foreign trade achieved by developing countries brings about an increase in foreign exchange earnings and the introduction importation of advanced up to date foreign technology which plays an important role in making good these countries shortage of capital and promoting their technological progress 5 In the past years along with absorbing foreign capital China has spared no effort to develop its foreign trade imported large quantities of precision machinery and equipment and sophisticated technology exported various kinds of industrial and agricultural products thus greatly contributing to economic development and the achievement of socialist modernization Lesson 4 II 1 Nontariff trade barriers which refer to the protectionist measures characterized by quantitative import restrictions are used by developed countries and some developing countries to interfere with and impede the free flow of merchandise and services be tween nations 2 Since the mid 1970s as a result of the outbreak of the global economic crises accompanied by the intensification of contention for international markets the developed countries have been forced to resort to nontariff trade barriers designed to restrict imports in an attempt to overcome their difficulties 3 Like tariff trade barriers nontariff trade barriers have the effects of restricting imports and bringing about price increases in the domestic market of an importing country thus imposing a heavy burden on the people of Western developed countries 4 In recent years some trade policies and regulations carried out by the United States have discriminated against China and imposed severe restrictions on some of its exports to the United States 5 It is likely that in the future the United States and other Western countries will still impose restrictions 011 the exports of China s textiles and other labor intensive products to which China will strongly decidedly 0biect Lesson 5 II 1 In order to move efficiently the goods to importing country the export firm must perform three essential functions involving a series of activities in the export transaction 2 Before an export transaction is carried out the exporter must either conduct a check on the new customer s financial and credit standing through an international credit report or revise the old customer s credit standing and payment record 3 As an important component of the export process the exporter and importer negotiate the sales terms and conditions the obligations of both parties and other terms of the sales contract 4 An agreement that the exporter and importer have entered into on sales terms and conditions becomes a binding contract which is a firm commitment that is acceptable to both buyer and seller after it is confirmed by both parties in writing 5 In the whole export process the importer is often required to obtain an import license and sometimes also a foreign exchange permit in order that the goods conform to the importing country s import regulations and smoothly reach the importer Lesson 6 II 1 A sales channel in international trade refers to the process of circulation in which goods flow from a country s producer to the foreign ultimate customer or user and to the intermediary commercial establishments through which title to goods is transferred 2 In the process of international commodity circulation whether a sales channel is unimpeded and highly efficient or not directly affects the turnover rate profit and market share of goods 3 Acting as the export sales department for many manufacturers an export management company either purchases goods directly from manufacturers and then resells them overseas for its Own account Or operates on a commission basis 4 Acting as an independent sales agent on a case by case basis an export trading agent on a case by company performs a sourcing or wholesale function between buyer and seller without assuming any responsibility to either party in a transaction 5 Local distributors in the host country are used by many manufacturers as a sales channel to facilitate foreign sales since they are familiar with the host country s market situation and its social and economic environments and are able to carry out the best market strategy and manage after sale customer service Lesson 7 II 1 Trade terms are used to specify the structure of export prices and the division of responsibility and liability between the seller and the buyer with regard to procedures cost and risks that are involved in delivering goods to the buyer by the seller 2 Under the CIF term the seller must also provide a complete set of shipping documents including transportation and insurance documents at his own expense 3 If we conclude business with you on CFR basis how much can you reduce from your CIF price so that we can make a comparison so that we can compare them 4 Will you please make us an offer for Forever Brand Bicycles 26 Please quote your lowest CIF New York price based on a minimum order of 10 000 units 5 We can make the following offer Article HL 302 Drawer Lock Price at U S 5 per piece EXW Shanghai Annual minimum order 100 000 pieces Packing in cartons Payment by irrevocable L C available by sight draft Delivery 60 days after receipt of L C Revision 1 IV 1 In 1980 the average annual growth rate of low income developing countries GDP was 5 9 percent as compared with 3 5 percent of middle income countries and 1 4 percent for industrialized countries 2 The completion of this railroad and its opening traffic will contribute to the expansion of economic exchange between China s southwestern region and its coastal region and the economic development and prosperity of the country s entire southwestern region 3 The economic situation of this less developed country resulting arising from the drastic sharp decrease in foreign market demand is characterized by a substantial decline in exports the reduced industrial and agricultural production a drastic increase in unemployment and an enlarged payments deficit 4 As the management of this large supermarket realized that the employees were most familiar with were well aware of the problems in business management it decided to rely more on them rather than on a few managerial personnel in improving the enterprise s business management 5 The renowned well known economist stated at a symposium that private enterprises could play an important role in the country s economic construction by virtue of their large numbers of business units and personnel scattered all over the country and their enormous capital and facilities 6 In 2004 the huge U S current account and budget deficits and the selling of U S dollars in large amounts in international financial markets brought about the continuous devaluation in the U S dollar relative to other currencies 7 The foreign exchange regulations recently issued by the financial authorities of that Asian country are designed mainly to crack down on foreign exchange speculation and stabilize foreign exchange markets 8 At that time the top executives of many large U S companies stressed that the restrictions imposed on the exports of high tech products to China by the U S government caused did great harm not only to China but also to the U S economy 9 In late 2003 the former Vice Minister of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation held the post as dean of that university s School of Management on a full time basis 10 As the United States has restricted some of the European Union s agricultural exports to it it is likely that the European Union will retaliate by imposing restrictions on the imports of some agricultural products from the United States 11 As a result of the rapid development of the Chinese economy China which has a population of 1 3 billion and makes up about one fifth of the world population accounts for an increasingly large share in the consumption of goods and products in the world ranging from aluminum to washing machine 12 In the all of that year at a meeting held in New York the U S Secretary of State and the Chinese Foreign Minister discussed a series of important bilateral and international issues focusing on China s accession to the WTO 13 Since China s resumption of its legitimate seat at the United Nations it has had access to loans from the World Bank used to finance the important projects in its economic and cultural construction 14 As a high tech enterprise producing sophisticated products the joint venture has access to preferential loans in both the domestic and foreign currencies so as to ensure the funds needed for the development of its production 15 That year at the U N General Assembly the representative of that developing country strongly objected to the proposal made by a few developed countries designed to discriminate against the developing countries in the field of international trade Lesson 8 1 In export trade in exporting railroad transportation which is characterized by large shipments and high speed of transportation and is not subject to seasonal changes and climatic conditions can be undertaken conducted regularly systematically accurately and throughout the year 2 Air transportation which ensures the quick and punctual arrival at a destination of goods of small size light weight and high value as well as those of timeliness has accounted for an increasing share in the transportation in international trade 3 The insurer is obligated to compensate for a total loss or partial loss of or damage to goods incurred in an accident to the carrier in the process of transportation in international trade 4 The insurer is not obligated to compensate for any losses or costs accounted for by decreases in the prices and delays in the transportation of goods insured in the process of international air transportation 5 The departmental manager of an exporting firm who is acquainted with shipping and insurance maters arranges for shipping and insurance of export goods after receiving an order for goods from abroad Lesson 9 1 In export transactions in exporting the export firm is required to present various documents issued made out by itself and other units or government agencies which represents the partial fulfilment of export contractual obligations 2 A commercial invoice which is a list of delivery sent issued made out to the importer by the exporter and with which the latter receives payment from the former is the major document for the delivery of goods and clearance of accounts between the seller and the buyer 3 An ocean bill of lading a document issued by the captain or an agent of the carrier certifies the receipt of the specified goods and ensures the shipment of them to the named destination and the delivery of them to the consignee 4 Special inspection certificates are those issued by the commodity inspection agency aft