裕兴新概念第一册学习笔记(109-110).doc

Lesson 109 A good idea 好主意New Words and expressions 生词和短语 idea n. 主意a little 少许（用于不可数名词之前）teaspoonful n. 一满茶匙less adj. (little 的比较级)较少的,更小的a few 几个 (用于可数名词之前)pity n. 遗憾instead adv. 代替advice n. 建议，忠告idea n.1) 主意eg. An idea came to me. 我想到个主意.eg. I have an idea: You clean the room and Ill wash the car. 我有个主意,你打扫房间,我来洗车.2) 意见,见解,想法eg. What is your idea about it? 关于这件事你的意见任何?eg. I dont like the idea that money is everything. 我不喜欢金钱就是一切的想法.a little 少许(置于不可数名词之前)eg. Will you eat a little cake? 你要不要吃点蛋糕?little 几乎没有,很少的(置于不可数名词之前)eg. I have little time for reading. 我几乎没有时间读书. There is little hope of his recovery. 他复原的希望极为渺茫.a little 与 littlea little 表示少, 但是还有一点,即重点放在有.而little 则表示有.但是极少,即重点强调几乎没有eg. Theres a little wine left in the bottle. 瓶子里还剩下一点酒.( 原来以为是空的,但发现还有, 是较为乐观的看法) Theres little wine left in the bottle. 瓶子里还剩下多少酒.( 原来以为是更多,但发现剩下很少, 是悲观的看法)only a little 只有一点点quite a little 相当多的,颇多的teaspoonful n. 一茶匙的量teaspoon n. 茶匙handful n. 一把a handful of sand 一把沙子mouthful n. 满嘴a mouthful of food 满嘴饭eg. Dont talk with a mouthful of food. 嘴里塞满了饭时,不要讲话.less 1) adj. 较少的,更小的 (little的比较级) eg. I will have less work to do tomorrow. 我明天的工作就更少了.2) 作不定代词eg. I know little about it , but he knows even less. 对此我了解甚少,而他知道的更少.3) adv. 更不(与more 相对)eg. This story is less interesting. 这个故事更没意思. After the exam, he works less hard. 考试以后,他学习更不努力了.a few 几个(通常置于可数名词之前)in a few days 过两三天few 和 a fewfew 是几乎没有的否定性意见. a few 是有一些的肯定性意见. 视说话者的想法而定,不一定根据数的大小,因而到底指何种程度的数量要看文章的前后关系而定.not a few 不少的,相当多的eg. Not a few people have made that mistake. 不少人犯过这种错误.only a few 仅少数,只有几个.eg. Only a few men were in the room. 房间中只有几个男性.quite a few (口语中) 相当多的eg. You will have to wait quite a few weeks. 你必须等上好几个礼拜.pity n.1) 遗憾eg. Its a pity that he failed again. 真遗憾他再次失败了. What a pity! 真可惜! 实在可怜! What a pity(that) she cannot come! 他不能来真是遗憾.2) 怜悯,同情eg. He felt pity for the jobless man. 他可怜那无业男子. (fell pity)instead adv. 代替eg. I dont like beer , give me coke instead. 我不喜欢喝啤酒,给我可乐好了.instead of 代替.,而不eg. I will go to see her instead of you. 要去看的是她而不是你.eg. I have to finish my work instead of going out. 我必须完成工作,不能外出.advice n. 建议,忠告eg. I asked my teacher for advice on my English. 我请老师对我的英语学习给些建议. Let me give you a piece of advice. 让我给你个忠告.give him a piece of advice 给他忠告offer him a piece of advice 给他的忠告或建议take his advice 听他的忠告refuse ones advice 不听某人的劝告some advice on. /some advice about . 有关.的忠告advise v. 忠告,劝告,建议eg. The doctor advised taking a weeks rest. 那医生建议我休息几周advise sb to do sth 忠告(某人)做.advise that .eg. I advised him to stop smoking.= I advised that he (should) stop smoking. 我劝他戒烟.TEXT 课文Question:What does Jane have with her coffee?喝咖啡时Jane 吃了什么?Listen to the tape then answer this question. 听录音，然后回答问题。What does Jane have with her coffee? a biscuit。喝咖啡时简吃了什么？ 饼干 (注意much和little的用法)CHARLOTTE: Shall I make some coffee, Jane?夏洛特： 我来煮点咖啡好吗，简？JANE: Thats a good idea, Charlotte. 简： 这是个好主意，夏洛特。CHARLOTTE: Its ready. Do you want any milk?夏洛特： 咖啡好了，你要放点奶吗？JANE: Just a little, please. 简： 请稍加一点。CHARLOTTE: What about some sugar? Two teaspoonfuls?夏洛特： 加些糖怎么样？两茶匙行吗？JANE: No, less than that. One and a half teaspoonfuls, please. Thats enough for me. 简： 不，再少一些。请放一勺儿半。那对我已足够了。JANE: That was very nice. 简： 太好了。CHARLOTTE: Would you like some more?夏洛特： 你再来点吗？JANE: Yes, please. 简： 好的，请再来一点。JANE: Id like a cigarette, too. May I have one? 简： 我还想抽枝烟。可以给我一枝吗？CHARLOTTE: Of course. I think there are a few in that box. 夏洛特： 当然可以。我想那个盒子里有一些。JANE: Im afraid its empty. 简： 恐怕盒子是空的。CHARLOTTE: What a pity!夏洛特： 真遗憾！JANE: It doesnt matter. 简： 没关系。CHARLOTTE: Have a biscuit instead. Eat more and smoke less! 夏洛特： 那就吃块饼干吧。多吃点，少抽点！JANE: Thats very good advice! 简： 这是极好的忠告啊！课文讲解：A: Shall I make some coffee, Jane? 我来煮点咖啡好吗，简？B: Thats a good idea, Charlotte. 这是个好主意，夏洛特。1) Shall I .? 我.好吗? shall 用于第一、二、三人称,构成疑问句,用来表示征求对方意见或请求对方指示.eg. Shall I open the window? 我打开窗户好吗?(征求意见) Shall we go out for a drink? 我们出去喝一杯好吗?(征求意见) Shall the man wait outside? 让那个人在外面等吗? (请求指示)2) make some coffee 煮咖啡 make some tea 沏茶A: Its ready. Do you want any milk? 咖啡好了，你要放点奶吗？B: Just a little, please. 请稍加一点。Its ready= The coffee is ready.a little 一些,一点 用于修饰不可数名词.eg. There is a little coffee in the cup. 在杯子里有一点咖啡.eg. I have only a little money. 我只有一点钱.a few 一些,几个 用于修饰可数名词.eg. There are a few students outside. 在外面有几个学生. He has only a few hours to do it. 他只有几个小时做这件事.A: What about some sugar? Two teaspoonfuls? 加些糖怎么样？两茶匙行吗？B: No, less than that. One and a half teaspoonfuls, please.Thats enough for me. 不，再少一些。请放一勺儿半。那对我已足够了。1) what about .?= how about.? 用来征求意见2) two teaspoonfuls 两茶匙1) less 是little和few 的比较级 更少的,在此处是little 的比较级.less then. 少于2) one and a half 一个半one and a half teaspoonfuls 一勺儿半 在英语中,一般比1大的东西,即使比2小,也需用复数形式.3) thats enough for me.be enough for sb 对某人来说.足够了eg. Three pens are enough for me. 三只笔足够了.enough to do 足够做.eg. I am enough to live alone. 我已经够大了,可以自己生活了.not .enough to do . 可与 too .to. 互换eg. She is not tall enough to reach the book on the shelf. 她长得不够高,拿不到架子上的书. She is too short to reach the book on the shelf. 她太矮了,拿不到架子上的书.A: That was very nice. 太好了。B: Would you like some more? 你再来点吗？A: Yes, please. 好的，请再来一点。 more 更多的 是much 和 many 的比较级. 在此是指再来点儿咖啡吗?,因此是much的比较级. many 是修饰可数名词.eg. I have much money. 我有许多钱. I have more money. 我有更多的钱. I have many friends. 我有许多朋友. I have more friends. 我有更多的朋友.B: Id like a cigarette, too. May I have one? 我还想抽枝烟。可以给我一枝吗？A: Of course. I think there are a few in that box. 当然可以。我想那个盒子里有一些。1) d like = would like 想要. (没有人称和数格的变化,疑问句式是把would 提前) 它相当于want , 但比want 口气委婉.eg. Id like a cup of tea. = I want a cup of tea. Hed like to go abroad. = He wants to go abroad. Would you like to go with us? = Do you want to go with us?2) May I .? 我可以.吗? 表示请求或请求允许.a few 代a few cigarettesB: Im afraid its empty. 恐怕盒子是空的。A: What a pity! 真遗憾！B: It doesnt matter. 没关系。Its empty , 作afraid(恐怕)的宾语 What a pity! 真遗憾 这是个感叹句式What a/an +可数名词(+主语+系/谓)!What + 不可数名词(+主语+系/谓)!eg. What a lovely hat it is! 多么漂亮的帽子啊! What nice coffee youve made! 你煮的咖啡多香啊!It doesnt matter= Thats OK. 没关系A: Have a biscuit instead. Eat more and smoke less! 那就吃块饼干吧。多吃点，少抽点！B: Thats very good advice! 这是极好的忠告啊！1) have a biscuit 吃一块饼干have= eat2) instead adv. 作为替代eg. She didnt have bread. Instead, she had biscuits. 他没有吃面包,而是吃的饼干. She is ill; you can give this lesson instead. 她病了,你可以替她上这次课.instead of 代替,而不是eg. She would like a computer instead of a piano. 她想要一台电脑而不是钢琴.3) eat more 多吃点 more 是副词, 修饰eat, 是much的比较级4) smoke less 少抽点 less 是副词，修饰smoke. 是little 的比较级,Question: What does Jane have with her coffee?Answer: She had a biscuit.advice n. 忠告(不可数名词)a piece of advice 一个忠告advice on. 关于.的忠告eg. Can you give me some advice on losing weight? 你能给我一些关于减肥的忠告吗?advise v. 建议, 劝告小结1. Shall I .? 我.好吗?2. Thats a good idea. 那是个好主意.3. one and a half 一个半4. May I .? 我可以.吗?5. What a pity! 真遗憾!6. It doesnt matter. 没关系.Lesson 110 How do they compare?如何比较他们？New Words and expressions 生词和短语 more adj. 更多的( many,much的比较级)most adj. 最多的( many,much的最高级)least adj. 最小的,最少的 ( little 的最高级) best adj. 最好的 ( good的最高级)worse adj. 更坏的 ( bad 的比较级)worst adj. 最坏的 ( had是最高级)GRAMMAR一、不规则形容词的比较级和最高级good better bestwell better bestbad worse worstill worse worstmany more most (可数名词)much more most(不可数名词)little less least(不可数名词)few fewer fewest(可数名词)far farther farthest(指距离) further furthest(指程度)eg. I go farther then you. 我走得比你远. Well discuss it further tomorrow. 我们明天进一步讨论.二、可数名词的多亿少,用many与few 来表达,不可数名词的多与少,则用much与little来表达.eg. Ive got many books. 我有许多书. Youve got more books than I have. 你的书比我的多.eg. Ive got fewer books than you have. 我的书比你的少. Ive got very few books. 我有为数很少的几本书. Ive got much tea. 我有许多茶. Youve got more tea than I have. 你的茶比我的多. Ive got less tea than you have. 我的茶比你的少. Ive got very little tea. 我所有的茶很少.Exercise A Complete these sentences using much, many, less or fewer.1. I havent got any pens, I havent got many either.2. Ive got some money. Ive got less than you have.3. I havet got any money . I havent got much either.4. Ive got some books , Ive got fewer than you have.Exercise BExamples:Have you got any coffee?I havent got much coffee. Ive got very little.Have you got any biscuits?I havent got many biscuits . Ive got very few.1. Have you got any jam? I havent got much jam. Ive got very little.2. Have you got any potatoes? I havent got many potatoes. Ive got very few.3. Have you got any oranges? I havent got many oranges , Ive got very few.4. Have you got any vegetables? I havet got many vegetables, Ive got very few.5. Have you got any meat? I havent got much meat . Ive got very little.6. Have you got any money? I havent got much money. Ive got very little.Exercise CExample Ive got some coffee.Ive got more coffee than you have.1. Ive got some soap. Ive got more soap than you have.2. Ive got some fruit. Ive got more fruit than you have.3. Ive got some books. Ive got more books than you have.4. Ive got some presents. Ive got more presents than you have.5. Ive got some eggs. Ive got more eggs than