高中宾语从句详解及练习.ppt

宾语从句TheObjectClause Iknowhim 2 Iknowwhoheis 主语 谓语 宾语 简单句 主语 谓语 宾语从句 连词 从句主语 从句谓语 主句 复合句 宾语从句的概念 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语 句子结构 主句 连词 引导词 宾语从句 一 连词 引导词 1 当宾语从句是陈述句时 包括肯定句和否定句 连词由that引导 因为that在从句中不作任何成分 也没有任何具体意思 因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略 LinTaofeels that hisownteamisevenbetter Shesays that shewon ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday Jimthought that thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty Hesaid that hewouldliketoseetheheadmaster 在主句为动词be加某些形容词 如sorry sure afraid glad等 作表语时 后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句 I msorry that Idon tknow We resure that ourteamwillwin I mafraid that hewon tpasstheexam 2 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时 由连词whether或if引导 口语中常用if 因为if whether翻译成 是否 具有一定的意义 所以不能省略 Lilywantedtoknowif whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag Let sseeif whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity Sheaskedmeif whethershecouldborrowthesebooks 3 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时 由连接代词 what who whom which whose 或连接副词 when where how why 引导 因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分 具有一定的意义 所以不可以省略 Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow Idon trememberwhenwearrived IaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney Pleasetellmewho whom wehavetosee Doyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves 带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句 Couldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday Couldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast Idon tknowhowfaritistothecinema Pleasetellushowmanystudentsthereareinyourschool Canyoutellushowoldhisbrotheris Pleasetellushowsoonyouwillbeready CouldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan 3 确定从句的时态 根据主句时态 主句时态 从句时态 连接前 连接后 一般现在时 时态保持不变 一般过去时 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 合并为一句 1 Areyouastudent sheaskedme 2 shewantstojointhePLA shesaid 3 Isthetruckcollectingrubbishoutside Dadaskedme 4 Wewillholdasportsmeetingtomorrow Ourteachertolduswe 5 Howlonghasitbeenlikethis Themanaskedhow Sheaskedmeifyouare Shesaidthatshewantedto Dadaskedmeifthetruckwas Ourteachertolduswewould Themanaskedhowlongithadbeen 二 时态1 如果主句是现在的时态 包括一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 从句的时态可根据实际情况而定 包括一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 现在完成时等 Iknowheliveshere Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow 2 如果主句是过去的时态 包括一般过去时 过去进行时 那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态 包括一般过去时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成时 Iknewwholivedhere Isawshewastalkingwithhermother Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow Hesaidthathehadseenit 3 当从句是客观真理 定义 公理 定理时用一般现在时 Theteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth 三 语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序 连接词 主语 谓语 其他成分 1 Whenwillhegotothelibrary Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary 2 Whatdoeshewanttobuy Idon tknowwhathewantstobuy Idon tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy 3 Whoarewegoingtomeet Canyoutellmewhowearegoingtomeet Canyoutellmewhoarewegoingtomeet 4 DoesheknowFrench Wewanttoknowif whetherheknowsFrench Wewanttoknowif whetherdoesheknowFrench 5 WilltheygotoCanadainsummer They renotsureif whethertheywillgotoCanadainsummer They renotsureif whetherwilltheygotoCanadainsummer 1 DidthestudentshaveapicniclastSunday Doyouknow 2 Mr SmithhavebeeninChinaforaboutthreeyears JimtoldLinTao Doyouknowif whetherthestudentshadapicniclastSunday JimtoldLinTao that MrSmithhadbeeninChinaforaboutthreeyears 3 WhichbookshouldIreadfirst Pleasetellme 4 Lighttravelsfasterthansound Ourteachertoldusinyesterday sclass PleasetellmewhichbookIshouldreadfirst Ourteachertoldus that lighttravelsfasterthansoundinyesterday sclass 1 could would是委婉语气 而不是过去式 因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态 注意事项 Couldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets Couldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto Wouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback 2 如果主句的谓语动词是ask时 连词不可能是that 如果主句的谓语动词是say时 连词用that Shesays that shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk Hesaid that hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild HeasksifIlikeplayingthepiano Youmayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstation 3 如果从句中含有or或ornot时 只能用whether而不用if Couldyoutellmewhetherthat safasttrainornot Doyouknowwhetherheisrightornot Idon tcarewhetherhe llstayhereornot 在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句 宾语从句 宾语从句 引导词 时态 语序 1 That2 Whether if3 疑问词 1 主句为现在时 从句的时态可以为任何时态 2 主句为过去时 从句的时态为过去时的一种 3 从句为客观真理 自然现象 永恒不变的规律 只用一般现在时 宾语从句的语序为陈述句语序 当由陈述句充当宾语从句时 用that引导 that无词义 在口语或非正式文体中通常省略 当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时 用if或whether引导 意为 是否 如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句 只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导 Doyouknowif backnextweek Ifhe back pleaseletmeknow A hecomes willcomeB willhecome comesC hewillcome comesD hewillcome willcome 4 连词if和when在不同从句中的区别 C Idon tknowwhenhe come Ican twaithereanymore Whenhe come wouldyoupleaseaskhimtocallme willcome comes 1 Theyoungmanasked it ssummerorwinter A eitherB thatC weatherD whether2 Wedon tknow theydidit A howB whoC whatD which3 Theteacherasksus Jimcancomebackontime A thatB ifC whenD whattime4 Doesanybodyknow wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot A ifB whereC whetherD that D A B C 5 Iwonder heiscryingnow A thatB whyC howD when6 Haveyoufoundout wecandoonHainanIsland A whatB howC ifD whether7 Lilysaid shehadfinishedhercomposition A ifB thatC whenD where8 Idon tknow hestillliveshere A whereB whatC whenD whether B A B D 1 Couldyoushowme A howcanIgettothestationB whereisthestationC howIcouldgettothestationD howIcanreachthestation2 Pleasetellme A whatdoeshelikeB whathedoeslikeC whathelikesD whathelike3 Mysistertoldhim A whatdaywasitB whenthetrainarrivedC whoshewaswaitingD wheredidyoulive C B D 4 Couldyoutellmewherewe nextweek A wouldgoB togoC hadtogoD willgo5 Couldyoutellmehowmuch toflytoHainan A doitcostB doesitcostC itcostD itcosts6 Thesmallchildrendon tknow A whatistheirstockingsinB whatisintheirstockingsC whereistheirstockingsinD whatintheirstockings D B D 7 Someoneisringingthedoorbell Goandsee A whoisheB whoheisC whoisitD whoitis8 Couldyoutellmehowlong A youhaveboughtthewatchB youhavekeptthissciencebookC haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina9 Hesaysthatifit tomorrow he fishing A willrain won tgoB rained wasn tgoC rains won tgoD rain willgo B C D 1 Couldyoutellmeifthey work inthefactorysofar 2 Didyourparentstellyouthatthesun rise ineast 3 What he say justnow I notcanhear him He say thathe plant treeswithhisparentsyesterday 4 Canyoutellmewhen leave tomorrow haveworked rises did say couldn thear said planted tol